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2020 - 20222
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Author: Suman × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil properties under Legume based Agroforestry Systems
    (CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Suman; Bhardwaj, K.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil properties under Legume based Agroforestry Systems” was conducted at Research Farm of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during 2020-21 to evaluate the effect of INM under different agroforestry systems on soil physical, chemical, biological properties and also on yield and nutrient uptake by mungbean. Soil samples from different tree based systems (Poplar+Mungbean and Eucalyptus+Mungbean) and control (devoid of tree) were analysed for different soil properties at 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth. Moisture content increased significantly with increase in soil depth and it decreased in tree integrated system. Soil texture changes from loamy sand to sandy clay loam with increase in depth. The bulk density of soil was significantly influenced by soil depths but the effect of treatments, systems and their interactions was found non-significant. Highest infiltration rate (3.0 cm/h) was observed in T4 (Vermicompost @ 1 t/ha) treatment followed by T2 (FYM @ 2 t/ha) treatment under different cropping systems. Depth-wise, significantly lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity (0.139 cm/h) was observed in mungbean sole crop (60-90 cm) and highest (0.226 cm/h) was in Poplar+Mungbean (0-15cm) system. Effect of tree based system and soil depth was significant on EC of soil whereas influence of treatments applied and their interaction was found non-significant. The influence of system, soil depth, treatments and their interaction on soil pH, CaCO3 and total N was found non- significant. Organic carbon, available N, P and K were 19.2, 19.4, 32.8 and 10.8 % higher in poplar based agroforestry system as compare to control, respectively. Significantly highest micronutrient contents recorded in Poplar+Mungbean system and lowest in sole mungbean crop. The NH4+_ N and NO3- - N improved significantly under tree based system. MBC, phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease activities were 34, 23.4, 34.1 and 26.3% higher in poplar based agroforestry system as compare to control, respectively. Grain and straw yield of mungbean in control (devoid of trees) were 1.87 and 1.84 times higher as compare to poplar and eucalyptus based agroforestry system, respectively. By application of different treatments it was observed that RDF (T1) leads to an increase in grain yield of mungbean by 39, 54.5, 25.9, 17.4, 33.2, 69 and 77.1% over treatments T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8, respectively and in straw yield, RDF (T1) leads to an increase of 40.4, 62.6, 24, 21.6, 34.4, 76.4 and 79.9% over treatments T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8, respectively. Nutrient content in grain and straw was found not to be significantly affected by different treatments under different agroforestry systems but nutrient uptake was significant. Organic carbon showed significant positive correlation with available N, P, K, MBC, dehydrogenase activity and phosphtase activity. Hence it may be concluded that agroforestry system and organic manure enhanced soil organic matter and improved soil properties whereas the yield of mungbean was reduced.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of biofortified pearl millet hybrid with intercropping of legumes and oilseed in semi arid environment
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Suman; Anil Kumar
    The experiment entitled “Performance of biofortified pearl millet hybrid (HHB299) with intercropping of legumes and oilseed in semi arid environment” was conducted at the Research Farm of Bajra Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif season of 2019 to assess the effect of different legume and oilseed intercrops on growth, yield, competition functions and economics of pearl millet based intercropping systems. The experiment consisting of 11 treatments i.e. sole crops of pearl mille at 45 cm row spacing and in paired raw (30:60), green gram (MH-421), cluster bean (HG 2-20) and Sesame (HT1) along with intercropping of green gram, cluster bean and sesame with pearl millet in 2:1 and 2:2 row ratios was laid out in randomised block design with three replications. Phenological studies revealed that intercropping of pearl millet-sesame 2:1 intercropping took maximum number of days to reach various phenological stages. Sole pearl millet at 45 cm had highest LAI at 40 DAS and LAD values between 41 to 60 DAS. At harvest, sole pearl millet at 45 cm had maximum (83.11 g plant-1) and pearl millet-sesame in 2:1 intercropping had minimum dry matter accumulation plant-1. The yield attributes viz. effective tillers plant-1, earhead length, earhead girth and test weight were found significantly higher in sole pearl millet at 45 cm than all the treatments except number of effective tillers plant-1, earhead girth and test weight in 2:2 row ratio of pearl millet-green gram intercropping system. Grain:chaff varied from 2.31 to 2.95 whereas, tiller conservation index (TCI) ranged between 66.74 to 73.81 % among different treatments. The highest pearl millet grain yield (48.83 q ha-1) was realized in the sole pearl millet at 45 cm and it recorded 4.15, 7.55, 11.97, 18.55, 19.20, 19.99 q ha-1 higher yield than intercropping system of pearl millet with green gram, cluster bean and sesame in 2:1 and 2:2 row ratios, respectively. The stover yield of sole pearl millet at 45 cm was 2.57, 4.57, 9.49 q ha-1 higher over its intercropping with green gram, cluster bean and sesame, respectively in 2:1 row ratio and 29.30, 29.89, 31.80 q ha-1 higher over these intercrops in 2:2 intercropping system. The protein content was maximum in pearl millet-green gram 2:2 intercropping system (11.13 %). Various competition indices viz. LER, ATER, aggressivity, crowding coefficient and competition ratio indicated that sesame was most competitive and green gram was most complementary crop among all the intercrops. The higher values of monetary advantage index (Rs. 27,711 ha-1) and income equivalent ratio (1.28) in green gram intercropped with pearl millet in 2:1 row ratio indicated that this was the most profitable intercropping system. The pearl millet equivalent yield of pearl millet-green gram in 2:1 row ratio (64.65 q ha-1) was significantly higher than sole pearl millet (57.84 q ha-1) and all the intercropping treatments (20.01-59.68 q ha-1). The gross (` 1,29,304 ha-1) and net (` 82,683 ha-1) returns were highest in pearl millet-green gram 2:1 intercropping system and net returns from this system was `7,690 ha-1 more as compared to sole pearl millet at 45 cm. Maximum benefit-cost ratio was recorded in sole pearl millet (2.84) which was followed by pearl millet-green gram in 2:1 intercropping system (2.77).