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Author: Sonu Kumari × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on insect pest complex in pulses, biology and management of spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) in green gram, Vigna radiata (L. Wilczek)
    (CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Sonu Kumari; Balbir Singh
    The current studies entitled “Studies on insect pest complex in pulses, biology and management of spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata(Fabricius) in green gram, Vigna radiata (L. Wilczek)” was carried out at CCSHAU Regional Research Station, Bawal and oilseed section, Deparment of Genetics and Plant Breeding during Kharif 2020 and 2021. Survey revealed that the population of leafhopper (6.96 leafhopper/plant), hairy caterpillar (0.85 larvae/plant), aphid (12.04 aphid/plant), whitefly (7.71 whitefly/plant), spotted pod borer (2.75 larvae/plant), blister beetle (13.24 adults/plant) and tur pod bug (6.63 bugs/plant) was more abundant in Gurugram district as compared to Mahendragarh and Rewari. The seasonal incidence revealed that the larval population of spotted pod borer increased significantly with maximum temperature (r=0.956 and 0.761) and showed significant negative correlation with rainfall (r=-0.823 and -0.911) during Kharif 2020 and 2021, respectively. The biology of spotted pod borer, M. vitrata showed that total developmental period (egg to adult) was 34.35±1.62 days. The fecundity of female moth was on an average 47±5.48 eggs/female. The treatment azadirachtin (0.03%) was found most effective protectants resulted in reduction larval population (4.32 larvae /m2), per cent pod damage (12.94%) and highest grain yield (13.01 q/ha) as well as per cent increase yield over control (35.69%) followed by neem oil (20 ml/l) and neem seed kernel extract 5 per cent (50 ml/l). The trichome density on leaves and pods and pod breadth was responsible for the resistance to spotted pod borer. Whereas, pod size, number of grains per pod and pod wall thickness were associated with the susceptibility to M. vitrata. Expression of resistance to spotted pod borer infestation was associated with higher amount of phenol content, low amount of soluble sugar and crude protein in pods as well as grains of pulses crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Developmental Status of Urban Preschoolers in Relation to Food Intake
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-01) Sonu Kumari; Duhan, Krishna
    The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to assess the developmental status and food intake of urban pre-schoolers and to determine the impact of food intake and sociopersonal variables on developmental status. Hundred preschool children of 3-6 years age (55 boys and 45 girls) from four preschools i.e. preschool laboratory I.C. College of Home Science, Little angel play school, Small wonder public school and Kids care play school of Hisar district were selected randomly. Developmental status of preschool children was assessed by using checklist of various developments designed by UNICEF India and Centre for Early Childhood Education and Development (CECED) Ambedkar University, Delhi. Nutritional status of children was assessed in terms of dietary assessment, 24 hour recall method was used and anthropometric measurement (height and weight) were taken. Results indicated that majority of respondents belonged to general caste (51.00%) category followed by backward (30.00%) and scheduled caste (19.00%). Majority of respondents (48.00%) belonged to small size families. Majority of respondent’s mothers and fathers were educated up to graduate/PG. Majority of respondent’s fathers (54.00%) were engaged in service. More percentage of the respondents (49.00%) had monthly income above 3 lacs. Mean daily intake of cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, roots and tubers, green leafy vegetables and fruits were found significantly lower than their respective RDIs. Mean daily intake of energy, protein, fat, calcium and iron were also found significantly lower than their respective RDAs. Gender wise comparison showed that mean daily intake of foods and nutrients were found higher in boys than girls. Socio-economic variables such as family type, family income, mother’s education and father’s occupation had significant effect on food and nutrient intakes of school children. Mean height and weight of boys and girls were found significantly lower than reference values. Boys had higher mean values of all anthropometric measurements than girls. As per weight for age, 51.00 percent of urban preschool children were found in grade-1 malnutrition and 20 per cent in Grade-II malnutrition and no one was found in Grade-III malnutrition. Results revealed a significant association of developmental status with mother’s education, father’s education, father’s occupation, gender, family size, family type and family income. Results revealed that dietary intake of preschool children were positively and significantly associated with developmental status of preschool children. Therefore, there is an urgent need to educate mothers of urban preschool children about the importance of balanced diet and promote the consumption of micronutrients rich food stuffs in daily diet of the school children to improve their nutritionally status.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on biology, varietal screening and management of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on mung bean
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Sonu Kumari; Yadav, S.S.
    A laboratory experiment was conducted on “Studies on biology, varietal screening and management of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on mung bean” at Storage Laboratory in Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar during 2018-19. The biology of pulse beetle, C. chinensis was studied on mung bean variety MH 421. The study on the biology of pulse beetle, C. chinensis showed that total developmental period (egg to adult) was 32.73 ± 2.96 days. The eggs of C. chinensis were oval and planoconvex in appearance. Freshly laid eggs are smooth, translucent and white in colour. Average female and male ratio was recorded as 0.83:1.21 indicating little dominance of male over female population. Out of the ten varieties of mung bean screened for their ovipositional preference, population growth, grain loss and weight loss by the pulse beetle, C. chinensis. Pusa Ratna was the least preferred variety by pulse beetle, C. chinensis (L.) while SML 668 was most preferred variety. The population growth of C. chinensis was found highest in variety SML 668 (414.50 adults) whereas lowest was found in Pusa Ratna (251.83 adults). Pusa Ratna and Basanti had lowest grain damage (34.82 % and 36.57 %, respectively) with minimum loss in weight (15.31 % and 17.27%, respectively). SML 668 and Pusa Vishal had highest grain damage (49.04 % and 46.93%, respectively) with maximum loss in weight (30.52 % and 27.09 %, respectively).The management practices comprising seed protectants were evaluated against pulse beetle, C. chinensis. The treatment evaluated were neem oil, neem leaf powder, mustard oil, groundnut oil, turmeric powder, custard apple seed powder, mentha oil, lemongrass oil and control at the different dose per kg seed. Both neem leaf powder and neem oil were found most effective protectants resulted in highest adult moratilty (92.22 per cent and 90.55 per cent, respectively), lowest damage of grain and weight loss being 0.88 and 0.97 per cent and 0.68 and 0.73 per cent, respectively in both the treatments, followed by mentha oil (2.5ml/kg) and lemongrass oil (2.5 ml/kg). The seed germination per cent was observed to be highest in the treatment of neem leaf powder and neem oil. No adverse effect of seed protectants was observed on mung bean seed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of pinching and gibberellic acid on growth, flowering and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) under different seasons
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Sonu Kumari; Beniwal, B.S.
    The present experiment entitled “Effect of pinching and gibberellic acid on growth, flowering and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)” under different seasons was conducted at Experimental Orchard of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the crop season of 2015-16. Treatments comprised of four levels each of pinching (P1 - No pinching, P2 - Pinching at 2 WAT, P3- Pinching at 3 WAT and P4 - Pinching at 4 WAT) and gibberellic acid (G0 - Control, G1 - 150 ppm, G2 - 250 ppm and G3 - 350 ppm) with two different seasons i.e. winter and summer. This experiment comprising sixteen treatments in each season was laid out as factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Five competitive plants were randomly selected from each treatment to record data on growth, flowering, flower yield and seed parameters. Statistical analysis of data revealed that application of GA3 250 ppm on plants pinched at two weeks after transplanting showed better results in terms of growth, flowering and yield of African marigold. In summer season, maximum fresh & dry weight of plant, number of buds and flowers per plant and seedling shoot length was observed with application of GA3 250 ppm and pinching at 2 week after transplanting while, maximum flower yield, 1000 seeds weight, seed yield, seed germination, seedling root length, seedling dry weight and seed vigour-I&II observed in winter season. It was also recorded that earliest appearance of 1st flower was observed in un-pinched plants sprayed with GA3 350 ppm during summer season, however, earliest bud initiation, maximum flower diameter, duration of flowering, fresh & dry weight of flower, number of seeds and number of black seeds per capitulum were recorded in un-pinched plants of winter season.