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Open Access
Comparative study on the effects of different sheds on the growth performance of Vietnam koi (Anabas testudineus Linn.) fish in biofloc system
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Sandeep Kumar; Dahiya, Tejpal
This thesis titled "Comparative study on the effect of different sheds on growth performance of Vietnam koi (Anabas testudineus Linn.) in Biofloc system" aimed to compare the effectiveness of two biofloc systems (with green net and tin shed) in maintaining water quality parameters for successful Vietnam koi fish culture. The study was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022 for six months, comparing the average weight and length gain, survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR), and water quality parameters between the two systems. The study found that both systems were effective in maintaining water quality parameters, but the green net shed biofloc system showed better results in terms of fish growth (110.16 g), nitrite (0.20 mgL-1), floc volume (27.76 mlL-1), alkalinity (208.07 mgL-1), and maintenance of optimum temperature (28.740C). A. testudineus reared under the green net shed biofloc system had significantly higher daily weight gain (0.99 g) and lower feed conversion ratio (1.05) than those under the tin shed biofloc system. The specific growth rate (SGR) was not significantly different between the two systems (1.79 g and 1.69 g for green net and tin shed respectively). The study observed that ammonia levels were higher (0.31 mgL-1) in the tin shed than green net shed (0.27 mgL-1) biofloc system and was within the acceptable range for Vietnam koi farming. The results of this study suggest that the green net shed biofloc system is a better option for successful Vietnam koi fish culture in terms of growth performance and water quality parameters.
Open Access
Integrated Nutrient Management in Barley
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sandeep Kumar; Sewhag, Meena
The present study entitled, “Integrated nutrient management in barley” was conducted during the Rabi season of 2017-2018 at the Agronomy Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar with the objective to study the effect of different nutrient management practices on growth, yield, quality and economics of barley. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice with ten different treatments viz. T1(Control) , T2 (Biomix) , T3 (Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T4 ( Biomix + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T5 (50 % RDN + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T6 (75 % RDN + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T7 (50% RDN + Biomix + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T8 (75 % RDN + Biomix+ Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T9 (RDN) and T10 (RDN + Biomix + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1). Among nutrient management practices treatments T10 recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz. [plant height (cm), LAI, number of tillers / m.r.l. and dry matter accumulation/plant (g/plant)], yield attributing characters [Number of grains per spike and spike length (cm) ] , grain, straw and biological yield (kg ha-1), protein content, N, P and K content in grain and straw (except K content in straw), gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio of barley. Performance in terms of growth, yield, nutrient studies, quality and economics of barley in treatment T8 (75 % RDN + Biomix+ Vermicompost @ 5t ha-1) was at par with treatment T9 (RDN) and T10 (RDN + Biomix + Vermicompost @ 5t ha-1). Treatment T10 took highest number of days to flag leaf emergence, booting, anthesis and maturity as compared to other treatments. Treatment T1 being at par with treatment T2 recorded significantly higher value of malt content of barley than treatment T3 to T10. But various combinations of nitrogen fertilizer, biomix and vermicompost failed to produce any significant variation in days taken to emergence and tillering, plant population at 20 DAS, test weight, harvest and attraction index, quality parameters like hectoliter weight and boldness as well as thinness of barley grain, K content (%) in straw and available N, P and K status of soil after the harvest of barley.
Open Access
Impact of Agricultural Price Policy on Oilseed and Pulse crop in Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sandeep Kumar; Luhach, Ved Prakash
The present study was carried out with the objectives to analyse the trend in area, production and productivity, the seasonal variation in price and arrival, gap between FHP (Farm Harvest Prices) and MSP (Minimum Support Prices) and identify the constraints in production and marketing of rapeseed & mustard and chickpea. The study was based on primary as well as secondary data. Bhiwani and Mahendragarh districts were purposively selected based on the highest area under rapeseed & mustard and chickpea from Haryana, respectively. Two blocks namely Tosham and Kairu from Bhiwani district, Kanina and Mahendragarh from Mahendragarh district selected purposively. Further two villages of each selected block were selected randomly. From each village, 10 farmers were selected randomly and finally, 80 farmers of eight villages were interviewed to excerpt all desired information. The outcomes of study revealed an increasing trend in the area, production and productivity of rapeseed and mustard at the national level with CGRs values of 0.05, 1.89 and 1.67 per cent, respectively. Whereas, in Haryana, the trend in area indicated decreasing trend -0.31per cent, while production and productivity illustrated increasing trend with CGRs values of 2.00 and 3.87 per cent, respectively. In the study shown an increasing trend in the area, production and productivity of chickpea at the national level with CGRs values of 1.71, 2.84 and 1.11 per cent, respectively. Whereas, in Haryana, the trend in area and production indicated decreasing trend -8.29 per cent and -7.79 per cent while productivity illustrated increasing trend with CGR values of 0.46 per cent, respectively. Seasonal analysis resulted that the rapeseed & mustard and chickpea arrivals in the selected markets were higher in the months of March to June (Peak period) and lower in the months of February to October to February (Lean period). The inverse relationship was found between price and arrivals of rapeseed & mustard and chickpea in the selected markets. Gap between FHP and MSP resulted that in mostly cases FHP is higher than MSP because higher demand than supplies does not allow the market prices to fall below MSP. In recent year, market prices ruled higher than MSP. The major problems faced by the farmer in the production, marketing of rapeseed & mustard and chickpea in Bhiwani district were inadequate irrigation facilities 74.17 per cent followed by lack of adoption of plant protection measures 70.00 per cent and marketing constraints were wide fluctuation in prices 72.50 per cent followed by remunerative prices 61.67 per cent. In Mahendragarh district major production constraint of rapeseed & mustard and chickpea were inadequate knowledge of recommended packages and practices 61.67 per cent followed by big inadequate irrigation facilities 58.33 per cent, lack of adoption of plant protection measures 55.83 per cent and marketing constraints were was remunerative prices 62.50per cent followed by wide fluctuation in prices 60.00 per cent, large number of intermediaries in marketing process 56.67per cent.
Open Access
Effect of nutrient management on yield and quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sandeep Kumar; Sharma, S.K.
The present investigation entitled “Effect of nutrient management on yield and quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars” was conducted at Pulse Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 with the objective to find out the impact of nutrient management on growth, yield, seed quality, nutrient uptake and economics of different lentil cultivars. The field experiment was laid out with 30 treatment combinations comprising of three varietal treatments (Sapna, Garima, HM 1) assigned to main plot and ten nutrient management practices allocated to sub-plot of split plot design by replicating thrice. Ten nutrient management practices consisting of combinations of variable rates of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers i.e. N1: control, N2 – RDF (20:40:0), N3: vermicompost (VC) @ 2 t ha-1, N4: 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1, N5: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar application, N6: RDF + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar application, N7: RDF+0.5% ZnSO4+0.5% FeSO4 foliar application, N8: 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1+0.5% ZnSO4 foliar application, N9: 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1+0.5% FeSO4 foliar application, N10: 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1+0.5% ZnSO4+0.5% FeSO4 foliar application. The foliar spray of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 was carried out at pre-flowering and pod formation stage. The cultivar HM 1 produced the best results in terms of primary branches (3.45, 3.61 plant-1), secondary branches (12.22, 12.55 plant-1), total dry matter accumulation (9.75, 9.97 g plant-1), dry matter partitioning (4.84, 4.92 g plant-1) & partitioning coefficient (49.0, 48.8%) in pods, pods plant-1 (106, 108), seed yield (15.86, 16.12 q ha-1), attraction index (0.79, 0.94), harvest index (48.5, 48.2%), total uptake of N (85.7, 86.9 kg ha-1) & P (10.82, 11.39 kg ha-1), net return (16540, 22439 ` ha-1) and BC ratio (1.35, 1.47) over the cultivar Sapna and Garima during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The extent of increase in seed yield in cultivar HM 1 was 22 & 24 percent over Garima and 23 & 25 percent over Sapna during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Cultivar HM 1 recorded maximum net return (16540 and 22439 ` ha-1) and BC ratio (1.35 and 1.47) which was 203 & 128 percent and 20 & 21 percent higher than cultivar Garima during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Although, the cultivar Sapna had higher leaf areas index (LAI), leaves biomass, 1000-seed weight, straw yield etc., which was statistically comparable with Garima in all these aspects. Among nutrient management practices, the application of 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1+0.5% ZnSO4+0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray (N10) recorded maximum growth and yield attributes, seed yield (16.25, 16.46 q ha-1), straw yield (19.6, 20.2 q ha-1), biological yield (35.8, 36.7 q ha-1), harvest index, content and uptake of N, P, K, Zn & Fe, protein content and economics of lentil during both the years, respectively. Although, this treatment was statistically identical with N9, N8 and N4 in most of these traits i.e. growth, yield attributes, yield, NPK content & uptake in seed and straw etc. This treatment (N10) increased the seed yield of lentil by 53 & 60 percent over control and 23 & 25 percent over RDF during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The treatment N10 provided the maximum net return (16136 and 22472 ` ha-1) and BC ratio (1.32 and 1.45) during both the years, respectively. The foliar application of 0.5% of each of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at pre-flowering and pod formation stage improved the Zn and Fe concentration in seed by 7.6 and 10.4% over control, respectively which may help to combat the micro-nutritional deficiency in human beings temporarily.
Open Access
To Study The Impact Of Bunga And Sukhomajri Watership Development Projects On The Farming Community
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2004) Sandeep Kumar; Malik, Joginder S.
Open Access
Bio-molecular characterization of diversified guar [ Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub.] cultivars for galactomannan
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2005) Sandeep Kumar; Joshi, Udai Narayan
Open Access
Spent mushroom substrate utilization using different portable technologies
(CCSHAU, 2016) Sandeep Kumar; Yadvika
In present scenario, portable technologies are becoming popular because of their fabrication, installation, transportation and less space requirement. These are effective and efficient in terms of technology and cost. Mushroom industry is generating about 1-2 million tons per ton of mushroom harvested. Hence, the disposal of spent mushroom substrate is becoming a challenge for the mushroom growers. In the present study, three portable technologies i.e. Portable biogas plant, vermibed and biomass geyser were selected. Utilization of spent mushroom substrate was done using these portable technologies. Also one portable earthworm separator machine was developed during the course of this study. SMS was added as additive (2%) in 2 m3 portable biogas plant on alternative days for 4 months i.e. Jan-April. The average daily temperature varied between 18-40°C. Biogas production in control and SMS based biogas plants varied between 600 to 1214 litres and 726 to 1438 litres, respectively. The methane percentage was 55% in control and 60% in SMS based biogas plant. The benefit cost ratio of biogas plant came out to be around 1.5 and payback period was 3.62 years. Two portable vermibeds were fed with cattle dung and SMS in 2:1 and 4:1 ratio for compost preparation. The vermicompost was prepared in 70 days. N, P, K content of 2:1 based vermicompost were 0.16, 0.57 and 0.19% and 4:1 based vermicompost were 1.90, 0.57 and 1.54%. 4:1 based vermicompost was found to be better as compared to 2:1. The benefit cost ratio of vermibed was found to be around 4 and payback period was 3 months. The separation of vermicompost and earthworm was done using developed portable earthworm separator. It took 1 min to separate 2 kg of vermicompost. The separations efficiency was around 90%. The cost of this developed machine was Rs. 5000. Portable biomass geyser was operated on a mixture of cattle dung and SMS (5:1) for heating water. The cost of heating 100 litres of H2O came out to be Rs. 54 in case of electric geyser and Rs. 32 in case of biomass geyser. It can be concluded from the present study that SMS has proved to be a suitable additive along with cattle dung in portable technologies viz. Biogas plant, Vermibed and Biomass geyser. Hence, this waste can be disposed off in an eco friendly and more energy efficient manner using farmer friendly portable technologies.
Open Access
Hydraulic performance evaluation of drip irrigation system with different emission devices
(2005) Sandeep Kumar; Partap Singh
Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of operating pressure head and spacing on different hydraulic performance evaluation measures of drip irrigation systems with different emission devices. The commonly used hydraulic performance evaluation measures considered were uniformity coefficient, emission uniformity, coefficient of variation and coefficient of manufacturing variation. The different emission devices were dripper, micro-tube, drip-in and drip tape. The experiments were conducted in the field laboratory of Soil and Water Engineering Department, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The selected spacings were i) 6m x 6m, 1m x 6m and 0.5m x 0.5m for dripper and micro-tube, ii) 6m x 0.6m, 1m x 0.6m and 0.5m x 0.6m for drip-in and iii) 6m x 0.3m, 1m x 0.3m and 0.5m x 0.3m for drip tape. The operating pressure heads were 5m, 10m and 13m. The measurement of discharge for calculation of hydraulic performance evaluation measures was done by operating the system and putting the containers at 6m interval along the lateral lines. The measurement of pressure head was done with the help of mercury manometer and water manometer at up stream and down stream end of main line and lateral line. The values of different hydraulic performance evaluation measures and head loss in main line and lateral line were calculated. The values of uniformity coefficient and emission uniformity decreased for dripper and micro-tube and increased for drip-in and rip tape, as the spacing decreased. The values of uniformity coefficient and emission uniformity for all emission devices increased as the operating pressure head increased at a particular spacing. The values of coefficient of variation increased for dripper and micro-tube and decreased for drip-in and drip tape, as the spacing decreased. The values of coefficient of variation for all emission devices decreased as the operating pressure head increased at a particular spacing. The values of coefficient of manufacturing variation was maximum for drip tape and minimum for micro-tube. The values of head loss in main line and lateral line for different emission devices increased as the spacing decreased and increased as the operating pressure head increased. The head loss in the main line and lateral line also increased at a decreasing rate with discharge and the variation can be expressed with a power equation. The values of the coefficients in the power relationship between head loss and discharge were calculated for each emission device and also combined for all emission devices. The coefficient of correlation for the combined equation was 0.9871 for main line and 0.7201 for lateral line. A computer software in C++ language was developed for calculation of the hydraulic performance evaluation measures and head loss in main line and lateral line of system. The values obtained from the computer software were equal to the measured values.

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