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ThesisItem Open Access Physiological and biochemical changes in response to iron deficiency in pearl millet(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-08) Ritu; Dr. Vinod KumarIron (Fe) is the most essential micronutrient required for plant growth and development, being required as a redox active metal involved in various physiological and metabolic processes. About 1/3rd of world soil is deficient in Fe affecting plant growth and development leading to poor yield as well as nutritional quality. It is difficult to manage Fe deficiency to plants through agronomic practices. However, recently developed Fe biofortified crop varieties with higher Fe uptake potential provides an attractive alternate for evaluation for their performance under prevailing Fe deficiency in soils. In this study, Biofortified pearl millet hybrid HHB-299 developed by CCSHAU, Hisar was used along with popular non-biofortified hybrid HHB-67(I) for evaluating these contrasting Fe containing genotypes for their growth performance under varied Fe supply (100, 50, 10 and 0 µM Fe in nutrient solution, respectively) under controlled conditions. Effect of Fe deficiency as compared to Fe sufficiency was studied at 5-leaf and panicle initiation stages of pearl millet genotypes with analysis of various morpho-physiological (root length, shoot length, chlorophyll content and leaf area) and biochemical parameters (SOD and catalase activity, total antioxidant activity, and content of MDA, H2O2, proline, phytosiderophores and Fe). It was observed that with increase in Fe deficiency under treatments T1 to T3, shoot length was decreased in the range of 0.92- 38.9% and 9.5-41.7% at 5-leaf and panicle initiation stage, respectively, for genotype HHB-67(I), as compared to control. In comparison, significantly, less decrease in shoot length was observed for biofortified genotype HHB-299. Similarly, increased rate of chlorosis was observed in both the genotypes, with increased Fe deficiency. Overall analysis of data for antioxidant activity revealed its values in the range of 18-76% at 5-leaf stage and 32.3- 56.1% at panicle initiation stage, respectively, for both the genotypes. With increase in Fe deficiency, the phytosiderophores content was noticed an increase in the range of 55.5-69.2% and 53.3-68.1% at 5-leaf and panicle initiation stages of genotype HHB-67(I), respectively. In the genotype HHB-299, it was increased up to 81.7% and 75% at 5-leaf and panicle initiation stage under increased Fe deficiency treatments. The Fe content in shoots and roots was reportedly decreased under Fe deficient conditions, for both the stages and genotypes. Based on the outcome of study, it is concluded that the contrasting pearl millet genotypes have varied biochemical and morpho-physiological responses towards Fe deficiency. Preliminary findings in this study suggested HHB-299 as better performer under given Fe deficiency treatments over HHB-67(I) owing to its less affected biochemical and morphological responses as observed. The study might have implications in development, evaluation and promotion of biofortified or Fe deficiency tolerant crops for cultivation in soils with prevailing Fe deficiency.