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Open Access
Persistence, mitigation and leaching of atrazine and its metabolites in soil
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Priyanka; Duhan, Anil
Persistence, mitigation and leaching potential of atrazine and its metabolites in sandy and clay loam soils was studied. Soil samples were collected periodically for dissipation and mitigation studies. Leaching experiment was performed at 50 μg (single dose) and 100 μg (double dose) in both soils taken in plexi glass columns. Enzymatic activities were studied as per the explained method in available literature. Sample preparation techniques i.e. Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), was optimized using different solvents for both soils at fortification level of 0.001 μg/g for sample preparation. The limits of detection and quantification were ranged 0.0005-0.001 and 0.001-0.005μg/g, respectively for AT and metabolites. In clay loam and sandy loam soil, average recoveries of atrazine and metabolites ranged from 81.3-83.1% and 84.2-86.3%, respectively in methanol. Dissipation followed first-order kinetics. The residues reached below detectable limit after 30 and 60 days in sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively. Presence of organic manures stimulated while BGC inhibited the dissipation of atrazine in both soils. Urease activity decreased up to 30 days and boosted thereafter up to 60 days in all treatments of clay loam soil. AT exhibited deleterious effect on urease activity up to 30 DAT followed by DEA and DIA in clay loam soil. AT and DEA stimulated while DIA inhibited DHG activity on 0 DAT in comparison to control. The residues of atrazine and its metabolites found in leachate fractions suggested about its highly mobile nature, and possible threat of surface and ground water contamination. The presence of a notable collection of residues in leachate fractions suggests the potential for surface and groundwater contamination. DEA and DIA metabolites, in particular, caused springtail Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida to have longer and more unacceptable risks. If residues similar to those found in leachate fractions reach water bodies, they may be toxic to a variety of freshwater fish, aquatic arthropods, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Future research should take a more comprehensive approach to assessing ecological health and potential threats to non-target species.
Open Access
Impact of nutrient management practices on soil organic carbon fractions under cereal based cropping systems
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) Priyanka; Dhram Prakash
An on-going field experiment started in Kharif 2020 at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, CCS HAU, Hisar (India) was selected for present study. The soil samples were collected after harvest of moong in the month of July, 2022. Irrespective of the nutrient management practices, soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions i.e. SOC (7.3 mg kg-1), hot water soluble C (HWSC: 209.25 mg kg-1), dissolved OC (DOC: 41.85 mg kg-1), total OC (TOC: 8.5 mg kg-1), microbial biomass C (MBC: 395.42 mg kg-1), MB nitrogen (MBN: 41.45 mg kg-1), available N, P, K and micronutrients were higher in soils under maize-potato-moong cropping system. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and available S were higher in soils under pearl millet-wheat cropping system. Soil pH and less labile C were highest in soils under maize-potato cropping system. Plots under pearl millet-chickpea cropping system exhibited significantly higher very labile C, labile C and recalcitrant C content. The results showed that application of organic nutrient source (FYM) + residue retention (RR) relatively reduced soil pH (7.86) as compared to inorganic sources applied alone or in combination with RR and, a reverse trend was obtained for soil EC. Significantly higher soil EC (0.40 dSm-1), HWSC (254.16 mg kg-1), DOC (50.84 mg kg-1), SOC (7.5 mg kg-1), TOC (8.9 mg kg-1), MBC(448.91 mg kg-1) and available Fe (20.50 mg kg-1), Mn (9.70 mg kg-1), Cu (1.35 mg kg-1) and Zn (1.83 mg kg-1) were found under treatment received organic nutrient source + RR over the other nutrient management practices. Combined use of inorganic nutrient sources and RR showed higher availability of P (20.97 kg ha-1) and K(426.00 kg ha-1) followed by sole application of inorganic nutrient sources (available P: 19.96 and available K: 417.7 kg ha-1). Application of inorganic nutrient sources coupled with RR showed beneficial impacts on availability of N (173.25 kg ha-1) and MBN (46.70 mg kg-1) as compared to sole application of organic nutrient source. Application of organic or inorganic nutrient sources along with RR helped to improve soil physico-chemical and microbial properties. Inclusion of nitrogen fixing legume i.e. moong has enhanced the soil OC fractions and improved nutrient availability. Therefore, nutrient management practices and choice of crops under intensive cropping systems could lead to improve the soil health.
Open Access
Social Isolation and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-07) Priyanka; Sangwan, Sheela
Social isolation is a state of complete or near-complete lack of contact between an individual and society. It differs from loneliness, which reflects temporary and involuntary lack of contact with other humans in the world. Social isolation can be an issue for individuals of any age, though symptoms may differ by age group. Cognitive functioning refers to a person's ability to process thoughts. It is defined as "the ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving. Researchers like Cacioppo and Hawkley (2009) have highlighted the strong association between social isolation and cognitive functioning. This paper investigates the social isolation and cognitive functioning in later life. The effects of depression, anxiety and stress were explored. An intervention programme to improve the cognitive functioning of low performing elderly was imparted. The study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of Hisar, Rohtak and Karnal district of Haryana state. The results revealed that age, education and occupation, marital status and family type significantly influences the respondent’s performance. The socio-personal variables and supporting variables are the strong predictors which influence the social isolation and cognitive functioning of elderly. Depression was found to be significantly correlated with both social isolation and cognitive functioning of elderly. The findings suggest that the imparting the intervention programme may enhance the cognitive functioning in elderly.
Open Access
Development and Evaluation of Value Added Products incorporating Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) Pod Powder
(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2021-07) Priyanka; Sindhu, Sangeeta C
The present investigation was carried out to study the nutrient composition of Prosopis cineraria pod powder, development of products using Prosopis pod powder, their sensory and nutritional evaluation and studying the shelf life of the developed products. Ripe pods of Prosopis cineraria were subjected to oven drying and made into powder. Prosopis pod powder was analyzed for physico-chemical properties and nutritional composition. Four products namely biscuits, cake, sev and laddoo were prepared by substituting control flour with Prosopis pod powder at 10, 20 and 30% level of incorporation. Developed products were subjected to sensory evaluation and most acceptable products were analyzed for nutritional composition. Most acceptable biscuits and sev were also subjected to shelf-life evaluation during one month of storage period. Data was statistically analysed using SPSS and OPSTAT software. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and swelling power of Prosopis pod powder were observed as 2.24, 1.47 and 4.2g/g, respectively. The sedimentation value of Prosopis pod powder was observed to be 10.23ml/g.Prosopis pod powder contained 3.83, 19.64, 2.75, 17.35, 5.22 and 55.04 per cent of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and total carbohydrates, respectively. Soluble, insoluble and total dietary fibre in Prosopis pod powder were found to be 9.47, 17.91 and 27.38 per cent, respectively. Total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and strach of Prosopis pod powder were noticed as 28.94, 3.67 and 13.25 per cent, respectively. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) and phytic acid content of Prosopis pod powder were observed as 64.94 mgTE/100g and 71.49 mg/100g, respectively. Prosopis pod powder contained 351.9, 519.3, 95.67, 897.97, 24.53 and 2.19 mg/100g of total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron and zinc, respectively. The HCL extractable contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron and zinc in Prosopis pod powder were observed to be 104.47, 179.46, 28.83, 351.35, 6.37 and 2.19 mg/100g, respectively. It was found that potassium had significantly highest per cent extractability (39.13%) among all the minerals. The organoleptic scores showed that biscuits, sev and laddoo were found most acceptable at 10% level of incorporation of the pod powder while the incorporation level 20% was found to be most acceptable for cake. The value added products had significantly higher protein, crude fibre, mineral content and antioxidant activity than control. Shelf life study of most acceptable products (biscuits and sev) was done. Significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed between control and Prosopis pod powder supplemented products in terms of lipase activity, peroxide value and total plate count during one month of storage period. Shelf-life study indicated that products could be stored well and microbiologically safe throughout the storage period. From the present study it is concluded that all the Prosopis pod powder supplemented products were found to have better nutritive value and shelf life than their controls. Commercialization and promotion such functional food commodities helps to tackle malnutrition and hidden hunger among the population.
Open Access
Nutrient management of mustard varieties under saline water irrigation
(CCSHAU, 2019) Priyanka; Ram Prakash
Several studies have been conducted on different varieties of mustard under the effect of mineral fertilizers and saline irrigation conditions. The experiment on “Nutrient management of mustard varieties under saline water irrigation” was carried out in rabi season of 2017-18 at Research farm, Soil Science Department, CCS HAU, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications, with four mustard varieties in main plots (Kranti, Giriraj, CS-54 and CS-58) and three fertilizer doses in sub-plots [RDF (N, P and K @60:20:20 kg ha -1), 125% and 150% RDF] with application of saline water for irrigation (7 dSm-1). The results showed that the plant parameters like plant height, primary and secondary branches per plant, number of siliqua and seeds per siliqua showed significant increase up to application of 150% RDF under saline water irrigation. 1000-seed weight reported non-significant increase with increased fertilizer doses and recorded maximum in variety CS-58 (5.90 g) at 150% RDF. Oil content decreased non-significantly from RDF to 150% RDF and reported maximum under variety CS-58 (40.17% at RDF). Among four mustard varieties CS-58 recorded maximum seed and straw yield (22.89 and 88.33 q ha-1) at 150% RDF followed by CS-54, Giriraj and Kranti. Nutrient content (N, P and K) in straw increased significantly up to 125% RDF and remained at par with 150% RDF being highest in variety CS-58 followed by variety CS-54, Giriraj and Kranti, respectively. Na+: K+ decreased non-significantly from RDF to 150% RDF and mean significantly higher ratio was recorded in variety Kranti (2.85). Soil properties like pH, ECe and organic carbon reported no significant changes with respect to different varieties and fertilizer doses. Available N, P, K and S of soil after crop harvest increased significantly up to the application of 150% RDF and observed maximum under variety Kranti. The cationic composition of soil extract was observed in order Na⁺> Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺> K+ likewise the anionic composition of soil extract was observed in order Cl-> HCO3-> SO42-> CO32-, respectively. Therefore, variety CS-58 reported better results with the application of 150% RDF under saline water irrigation.
Open Access
Development of processing technology for instant mango shake powder
(CCSHAU, 2018) Priyanka; Rekha
The present investigation ―Development of processing technology for instant mango shake powder‖ was conducted with the objectives to optimize processing technology for development of instant mango shake (IMS). Fresh and six months stored frozen pulp mango pulp had total soluble solids (19.56 and 16.39 %), acidity (0.41 and 0.43 %), ascorbic acid (6.96 and 5.73 mg/100 g), reducing sugars (5.79 and 5.93%), total sugars (13.24 and 13.79%), pectin (0.51 and 0.54%), total carotenoids (1.24 and 1.15 mg/100 g) and total phenols (42.33 and 39.67 mg/100 g) Mango pulp was blanched in microwave (2.00 min. /100 g at 900W). After blanching, the product was either freez dried, tray dried or microwave assisted tray dried. After drying, dried mango pulp was ground to powder, mixed with skim milk powder (SMP) and sugar in 32:26:42 ratio, packed in aluminum laminated and polypropylene pouches and stored for three months at room temperature. IMS1 (prepared from mango pulp, mixed with skim milk powder and freeze dried) and IMS2 (prepared from microwave assisted tray dried mango pulp) had moisture content (4.60 and 4.15%), crude protein (0.82 and 0.77%), crude fat (0.42 and 0.46%), crude fibre (0.93 and 0.89%), ash (1.47 and 1.45%), carbohydrates (96.27 and 96.42%), energy (393.93 and 393.93 Kcal), calcium (262.67 and 252.33 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (5.75 and 5.01 mg/100 g), carotenoids (1.14 and 1.09 mg/100 g), total phenols (39.19 and 34.17 mg/100 g), bulk density (0.94 and 0.89 g/cm3)and dispersibility (86.87 and 82.93%) The most acceptable instant mango shake powder i.e., mango pulp mixed with skim milk powder and freeze dried had moisture (4.60%), protein (0.82%), fat (0.42%), crude fibre (0.93%), ash (1.47%), carbohydrates (96.27%), energy 392.90 Kcal and calcium (262.67 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (5.75 mg/100 g), total Carotenoids (1.14 mg/100 g) and total phenols (39.19 mg/100 g) Moisture content, water activity, acidity, non enzymatic browning, total soluble solids, solubility index and microbial load increased while, pH and ascorbic acid of the all three instant mango shake powder variants decreased significantly during three month of storage. Cost of IMS powder ranged from `247.54 to 46.72/100 g. All the instant mango shake powder variants were found acceptable even after three months storage.
Open Access
Self-esteem, achievement motivation and academic performance of high school children
(CCSHAU, 2018) Priyanka; Balda, Shanti
Self-esteem refers to person's beliefs about his or her worth and value. Self-esteem is important because it influences individual's decisions. Achievement motivation is described as the need for performing well or the motivated for success and evidence by persistence or effort in the facing the difficulties. Academic performance as well as achievement both is the outcomes of education and the extent from which a student, teacher and the institution has accomplished their educational goals. The present study examines the relationship between self-esteem, achievement motivation and academic performance of high school children. The study was conducted in Hisar city and rural area of Hisar district. Total sample constituted of 240 adolescents, 120 from rural area and 120 from urban area, representing both the sexes in equal number. Self-prepared interview schedule was used to collect information on personal and socio-economic variables. Self- Esteem Inventory (Prasad and Thakur, 1977) was used to assess self-esteem of children. Rao‟s Achievement Motivation Test (Rao, 1974) was used to assess achievement motivation of children. For academic performance, percentage of marks secured in previous three examinations was obtained from school records. The results revealed that maximum percentage of high school children belonged to moderate category of personally perceived and socially perceived self-esteem. Irrespective of area of residence and sex of children, self-esteem of majority of high school children was high followed by negative and balanced. Majority of children had moderate level of achievement motivation. Majority of children from both the areas belonged to above average category of academic performance. There existed significant positive correlations between self-esteem (personally perceived and socially perceived) and achievement motivation and academic performance of children. Children with balanced and high self-esteem had high achievement motivation and performed better in academics than those with negative self-esteem. Results further revealed that socio-economic status of family was strong predictor of self-esteem and achievement motivation of children.
Open Access
Assessment of nutritional status of anaemic pregnant women of Hisar and Fatehabad districts of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2017) Priyanka; Boora, Pinky
Eight hundred fifty pregnant women were selected from the 6 villages (Bhojraj, Dahima, Kaimiri, Mirkan, Gunjar, Ladwa) of Hisar-I block and 6 villages (Chodhrywas, Kalwas, Balasmand, Bheria, Aryanagar, Dobhi) of Hisar-II block of Hisar district and 6 villages (Badopal, Chinder, Bhodia Khera, Kumharia, Dhanger, Kharakheri) of Fatehabad block and 6 villages (Kirdhan, Pilimandori, Bhattu Kalan, Bhattu Mandi, Thulan, Dhand) of Bhattu block of Fatehabad district of Haryana. Out of 850 pregnant women, screened for Hb level, 602 (70.82%) were found to be anaemic (<11g/100ml) 46.70 per cent from Hisar district and 53.29 per cent from Fatehabad district. Thus overall 70 per cent of the pregnant women were anaemic in four blocks of Hisar and Fatehabad districts. Results indicated significantly high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in rural areas of Haryana. Nutritional status of anaemic pregnant women was assessed using dietary survey (24h recall method), anthropometric measurements and clinical assessment which revealed that the food and nutrient intake was lower than the SDI and RDA among rural areas. Intake of cereals, pulses, fats and edible oils, green leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, other vegetables and fruits by respondents belonging to nuclear families was higher than those of respondents of joint families. The intake of cereals, milk and milk products was found to be increased with increased income of the family. Education of respondent influences the intake of food groups. Intake of energy and protein was higher by respondents of nuclear families. Intake of energy, fat, calcium, iron, β-carotene, thiamine, niacin, folic acid and vitamin B12 was found to be higher in the respondents whose average family income was Rs 18,000-27.000/month as the intake of pulses and milk products was higher by the respondents of nuclear families as compared to the respondents of joint families. The intake of food groups was higher among the respondents whose husband was engaged in service. Mean daily food and nutrient intake by respondents of Hisar district were found significantly (p≤0.01) lower as compared to Fatehabad district. Out of 300 hundred respondents, 200 respondents, 100 from Hisar and 100 from Fatehabad district were selected for imparting nutrition education and to assess food and nutrient intake. Nutrition education was imparted for a period of three months and gain in nutritional knowledge was assesed. The foods and nutrients intake of the respondents was increased significantly (p≤0.01) after imparting nutrition education. There is an urgent need to impart nutrition education to the pregnant mothers so that they can take balanced diet and improve health and nutritional status of future generation of country.
Open Access
Assessment of multiple Intelligence of school going boys
(CCSHAU, 2017) Priyanka; Chhikara, Sudha
A person can be most successful in a profession when the same is according to his or her abilities and interest. The different domains and disciplines valued by different cultures exert a tremendous influence over how one's intelligences develop, and to what extent they are mobilized. Focus these days is on designing educational experiences for students that demonstrate and explore how they are smart in the synergistic environment of a community of learners. The present study was accompanied with the aim of assessing the multiple intelligence levels of school going boys and to study the cultural differences in the levels. For this, 200 boys in age group of 6-8 years from rural and urban areas of Fatehabad district of Haryana state were selected. The data were collected with the help of standardized Multiple Intelligence Tool and a questionnaire for human ecological factors by Dabas, R. 2000. The results of the investigation elucidated that majority of the respondents were found to be having average levels of intelligence for all the nine components of multiple intelligence. Significant differences were observed in the mean scores of boys from urban area for linguistic, logical-mathematical, intrapersonal, naturalistic and existential intelligences whereas in rest of the intelligences i.e. Musical, Bodily Kinesthetic, Spatial, Interpersonal, no significant variations across rural and urban setting emerged. The results explained that all the aspects of multiple intelligence were significantly associated with human ecological factors of the respondents.

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