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2014 - 201942020 - 20231
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Author: Preeti × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on variability and management of rhizoctonia spp. inciting root rot disease of cotton
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Preeti; Yadav, N. K.
    The present study entitled, “Studies on Variability and Management of Rhizoctonia spp. Inciting Root Rot Disease of Cotton” was carried out in Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and RRS, Bawal. The study was aimed to know the occurrence and incidence of cotton root rot disease in Haryana, morphological, molecular and pathogenic variability among R. bataticola and R. solani isolates and and management of Rhizoctonia spp. through fungicides, botanicals and native Trichoderma isolates. The maximum cotton root rot disease incidence was recoded in Fatehabad district followed by Sirsa district, whereas; minimum was in Charkhi Dadri district during both the year 2021 and 2022. Among all the isolates the maximum radial growth 69.33 mm was recorded in isolate RB5 followed by RS2 (59.00 mm) and RB8 (52.00 mm) whereas, the minimum radial growth of 32.33 mm was recorded in RB3 isolate (32.33). Maximum mycelial width was recorded in isolate RS2 (7.29 μm) followed by RB6 (7.23 μm) and RB13 (6.93 μm) whereas, the minimum radial growth of 32.33 mm was recorded in RS1 isolate (3.58 μm). All the isolates showed high level of polymorphism. The cluster analysis of R. bataticola isolates based on RAPD primers, isolate RB4, RB5 and RB8 were most diverse and cluster analysis of isolates based on ISSR primers isolate RB16 was most diverse among all the isolates. The cluster analysis of R. solani isolates based on RAPD primers, isolate RS3 was most diverse. Among the fungicides evaluated under in vitro conditions against RB5 and RS2, carbendazim showed maximum inhibition of the mycelial growth (98.27% and 97.04%) of RB5 and RS2 at 200 ppm concentration which was statistically significant than other treatments. Among the botanicals evaluated under in vitro conditions against RB5 and RS2, Lantana camara showed maximum inhibition of the mycelial growth (77.14% and 75.67%) of RB5 and RS2 at 20 per cent concentration, where it was statistically significant than all other treatments followed by Parthenium hysterophorus (72.11% and 71.55%) and least was showed by ginger (24.61% and 22.75%) respectively. Evaluation of native Trichoderma isolates against Rhizoctonia spp. under in vitro conditions revealed that HST2 showed maximum antifungal activity with 72.78, 72.50 per cent growth inhibtion against RB5 and RS2 respectively and statistical significant than other native isolates. As far as biocontrol activities are concerned, HST2 showed positive results for HCN production, IAA production, siderophore production, cellulase activity, pectoloytic avtivity, ammonia production, Zn solubilisation and phosphate solubilization. In vivo evaluation of fungicides, botanicals and bio-agents, it was observed that they significantly reduced the disease incidence of root rot during Kharif, 2021 and Kharif 2022 and maximum disease control was achieved by carbendazim and significantly higher with other fungicides in both Desi and American cotton. Among botanicals under study during Kharif 2021 and Kharif, 2022, maximum disease control was recorded by Lantana camara which significantly differed with other botanicals in both Desi and American cotton. Different Trichoderma isolates showed the wide range of antagonistic activity against R. bataticola and R. solani. Maximum disease control was showed by native Trichoderma isolates i.e., HST2 followed by HMT2 during both the years of experiments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development and characterization of transgenic chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants with OsRuvB gene for salt stress tolerance
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Preeti; Kharb, Pushpa
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a nutrient rich, second most important legume crop after soybean. Production and productivity of chickpea is affected by various abiotic stresses but salt stress is the most deleterious accounting for upto 100% yield losses. In the present study, transgenic chickpea plants (var. HC-1) carrying OsRuvB gene were developed for salt stress tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 with pCAMBIA1301 (Kharb et al., 2012). Putative transformants were screened at early stage through PCR amplification using gene specific primers and a transformation frequency of 17% was observed. Southern blot and real time PCR analysis revealed stable and single copy insertion of the transgene in chickpea genome. Seeds from each of the PCR positive T0 chickpea plants were sown to raise T1 generation and a total of 74 plants (out of 170) showed the presence of OsRuvB gene. Physio-biochemical analysis of selected T1 transgenic plants subjected to 100 mM salt stress showed that transgenic plants were able to maintain higher chlorophyll content, relative water content, proline content, total soluble sugars, catalase and peroxidase activity compared to the wild type plants. Whereas, electrolytic leakage and lipid peroxidation were relatively less as compared to the wild type plants under 100 mM stress. Among all transgenic lines, line 8 performed well with respect to all the parameters studied and can be taken further for the development of transgenic chickpea plants for salt stress tolerance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Livelihood security of small and marginal farm families in Hisar division of Haryana State
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Preeti; Kaushik, Sushma
    The present study was conducted in Hisar division of Haryana state. Two districts i.e. Bhiwani and Hisar were selected randomly. One block from each district and two villages from each block were selected randomly. Seventy five small and marginal farm families from each selected village were drawn randomly for making a total of 300 respondents. Data regarding dependent and independent variables were collected with the help of pre tested interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency; percentage weighted mean score and Pearson‟s coefficient of correlation. Results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to 35-50 years of age, were educated upto secondary, belonged to OBC caste, having nuclear families with medium family size and had farming as their main occupation. Majority of them had no social participation, used high localite sources, medium cosmopolite sources and high mass media exposure for obtaining information. Majority of farmers followed double cropping pattern with medium cropping intensity. All were grown grain crops and cash crops. Human capital, social capital and financial capital were found to be of medium level. Physical capital was found high while natural capital was found medium in Bhiwani district and it was found low in Hisar district. Food security index in both the districts was found to be quite high (76.00 and 73.2%). Shelter/water and sanitation security, access to institutions, economic security and health security were found to be of moderate level, but the nutritional security index was found to be less than 50 per cent. Farm families faced small land size, lack of capital, no timely procurement, doesn‟t have good quality of seeds and fertilizers are main livelihood problems. A video film was developed on „Poshan Suraksha‟ by using standard procedure. Effectiveness of VCD was assessed in terms of audio, visual quality, content importance and presentation of message and it was perceived high on all the parameters by all the judges. Family size, family education status, occupation and annual income was positively and significantly correlated with all livelihood capital expect natural capital. Family education status, occupation and annual income were positively and significantly correlated with all the livelihood securities.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic diversity and effects of selective intermating on genetic variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Preeti; Panwar, I.S.
    The present investigation “Genetic diversity and effects of selective intermating on genetic variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)” was conducted to evaluate 75 bread wheat genotypes to assess magnitude of genetic diversity among wheat germplasm lines for grain yield, its components and quality traits. The character association for yield and quality traits was also studied. Analysis of variance revealed considerable amount of variability among genotypes for most of the characters under study. Sedimentation value followed by grain yield per plot, and harvest index exhibited high GCV. The differences between GCV and PCV values were minimum for most of characters which show least environmental influence. Heritability estimates were high for all the characters except plant height (cm), number of effective tillers per meter, number of grains per ear, biological yield per plot(g), harvest index (%). Sedimentation value (ml) followed by grain yield per plot (g) exhibited high genetic advance as per cent of mean alongwith high heritability estimates. The grain yield per plot showed significant and positive correlation with number of effective tillers per meter, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plot and harvest index and significant negative correlation with canopy temperature (post-anthesis 7 and post-anthesis 21 days) in normal as well as heat stress environment. Harvest index, biological yield per plot (g), effective tillers per meter in both normal and heat stress environment had positive direct effect on grain yield. So, direct selection for these traits will be effective to increase the grain yield. On the basis of Euclidean cluster analysis, 75 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters in both the environments, which indicated the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity among the genotypes studied. Cluster II and cluster IX showed maximum genetic divergence in both the environments and also having higher mean values for important yield traits and thus involving genotypes of cluster II and cluster IX in hydbridization programme is advocated in order to achieve high yielding segregants. Second experiment aimed at comparing the variability under different systems of selective intermating. On comparison of the selective intermated populations and F2 populations of two crosses Cross I (WH542/WH1080) and Cross II (WH1105/RAJ3765//WH283) the higher mean values were obtained in all selected intermated populations SIM-I, SIM-II and SIM-III in order and wider range values for genetic variability in SIM-III compared to F2 populations of two crosses for most of the characters studied which might be due to additional variability released by selective intermating accumulating favourable genes. The efficiency of intermating over F2 was witnessed in this investigation in terms of days to heading, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per ear,1000 grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g) and grain yield per plant (g) and other yield related traits. The wider range accompanied by a higher values of mean, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean for biological yield per plant(g) and grain yield per plant(g) in selective intermated populations provides opportunity for further selection in intermated populations for further yield improvement in bread wheat.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of mycobiota of spoilt wheat in expediting ethanol production
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Preeti; Goel, Sneh
    Ethanol besides being a known feedstock for chemical and beverage industry is also being used as an additive to fuel for automobiles. Over the years, its demand in general, has been on an increase and India is no exception. Clearly, maximization of ethanol production becomes imperative and could be achieved by considering, among others, the addition of yeast nutrients to the fermentation liquor. These nutrients by accelerating the rate of fermentation reduce the fermentation time and in turn lead to maximization of ethanol volumes on a daily basis. Usually, N and P represent these nutrients and in the Indian distilleries they are conventionally sourced from chemical fertilizers, which do have a certain carbon footprint. Ideally, organic/ renewable yeast nutrients would be more suitable, as they have a low net green house gas emission. However, so far, no dedicated nutrient formulation is available in the Indian market. Spoilt wheat which ferments faster than its normal version has been shown to offer a potential for such a formulation, as it contains factor(s)/activity that is responsible for expediting rate of ethanolic fermentation. This ethanol-expediting activity has been speculated due to in situ production of yeast nutrients viz., low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids by the activities of resident bacterial and fungal flora of spoilt wheat. So, fungal flora of spoilt wheat was screened for its ethanolexpediting capability, leading to the retrieval of the best isolate. Such an isolate might later contribute to the development of more useful, environment friendly and activity-enriched wheat-based supplements to expedite ethanolic fermentation by yeast. The spoilt wheat (SW) sample tested positive for ethanol-expediting activity on 30% normal wheat (NW) hydrolysate, as its supplementation @ 15%, both as coarse flour or its aqueous extract, produced 10.6% and 11% (v/v) ethanol, respectively, against 8% (v/v) by the control. Clearly, the SW sample under study was fit for isolation of fungi. Based on colony morphology, 30 fungal isolates were recovered from the SW sample. Screening of the isolates for amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities on the plate revealed that all the 30 isolates were positive for the amylolytic, 13 were positive for proteolytic and 18 for the lipolytic activities. Thus, only three bacterial isolates viz., SWF-6, SWF- 11 and SWF-20 having dissolution factor of >1 were further utilized to explore their ethanol-expediting capabilities by producing laboratory spoilt wheat grains and subsequently estimating ethanol production by yeast on 30% laboratory developed spoilt wheat as well as on 30% normal wheat (NW) hydrolysate, as its supplementation @ 15%, both as coarse flour or its aqueous extract. Ethanol estimation at 24h showed that three isolate viz., SWF-6, SWF-11 and SWF-20 did produce a boost to alcohol production from 11 to 12.2% (v/v). These three isolates based on morphological characterization were identified to belong most probably to genus Aspergillus.