Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Open Access
Persistance and decontamination studies of a combination formulation (pyriproxyfen 5% EC + fenpropathrin 15% EC) in okra and soil
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-02) Pooja; Sushil
This study developed and validated a methodology for extracting the residues utilizing the QuChERS method, as well as the conformation and quantification of Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin residues using GC-MS/MS working at low LOQ (0.01 mg kg-1). The field application of recommended (37.5 + 112.5 g a.i. ha-1) and double recommended dose (70 + 225 g a.i. ha-1) leads to initial deposits of Pyriproxyfen (0.359, 0.584 mg/kg) and Fenpropathrin (0.643, 0.951 mg /kg) which dissipated by following first order kinetics with half-life value ranged in between 1.79-1.84 (Pyriproxyfen) and 2.27-2.31 days (Fenpropathrin) at T1-T2 doses, respectively. The estimated pre-harvest intervals (PHI) for Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin were 6.03 and 11.51, 0.91 and 2.54 days at T1 and T2 doses, respectively. There were no residues of Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin in the soil after 1 day of the application of sumiprempt formulation indicating its safety for the next crop. Even though all the decontamination processes were successful in reducing the levels of both chemicals left behind, washing + boiling proved to be the most efficient. Residues of Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin persisted for a little longer period in soil under laboratory conditions. ZIF-8 was synthesized by hydrothermal, sonochemical, and microwave-assisted methods, and its structural, physical, and chemical characteristics were investigated using FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, and zeta seizer. ZIF-8 achieved a 69%, and 65 % removal of Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin (20 mg/L) under optimized conditions, respectively.
Open Access
Effect of herbicides on weed control and quality of guava cultivar L-49
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-10) Pooja; Goyal, Ramesh Kumar
The experiment entitled “Effect of herbicides on weed control and quality of guava cultivar L-49” was carried out at Experimental orchard of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21 in winter season. The experiment was carried out to find the effect of herbicides and sequential applications of herbicides on soil properties, weed control, growth characters, fruit and yield attributes on guava cultivar L-49. The treatments comprising 21 levels of herbicides in experiment 1 and 15 levels of sequential applications of herbicides in experiment 2. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 6.0 x 6.0 m separately. The data were recorded on various parameters, which were influenced by different levels of herbicides and sequential applications of herbicides. In experiment 1, weed free treatment was found best for soil properties viz. ECe and available N, P, K, Zn and Fe; weed parameters viz. weed density, visual mortality, fresh and dry weight; growth parameters viz. plant height, plant spread, leaf area, chlorophyll content; fruit parameters viz. fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of fruits, yield, fruit firmness, fruit colour; and quality parameters viz. TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, TSS:acidity ratio and pectin content. Among herbicidal treatments, the combination of glyphosate (1.26 kg/ha) + carfentrazone (20 g/ha) and glyphosate (1.26 kg/ha) + oxyflourfen (100 g/ha) were found best. In experiment 2, from all the sequential application of herbicides, the treatment glyphosate 1.26 kg/ha (July) fb glyphosate 1.26 kg/ha (August) fb glyphosate 1.26 kg/ha (September) was found best for soil properties viz. ECe and available N, P, K, Zn and Fe; weed parameters viz. weed density, visual mortality, fresh and dry weight; growth parameters viz. plant height, plant spread, leaf area, chlorophyll content; fruit parameters viz. fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of fruits, yield, fruit firmness, fruit colour; and quality parameters viz. TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, TSS:acid ratio and pectin content.
Open Access
Dissipation, decontamination and leaching behaviour of thiamethoxam + λ cyhalothrin (ready mix) in soil and chilli
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09) Pooja; Sushil
The study reports the persistence as well as the decontamination pattern of insecticides, λ -cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam in chilli fruits following spray application of their ready-pre mix. For extraction and clean-up, three two different methods namely liquid-liquid partitioning and QuEChERS with clean-up were used in association with GC-MS/MS. The LOD and LOQ of the method determined were 0.01 μg g−1 and 0.005 μg g−1, respectively, and all the recoveries were found above the range of 80 per cent. Thiamethoxam persistent up to day 15 in both the doses with half-lives of 3.45 and 3.90 days respectively. While λ -cyhalothrin persisted up to day 5th with half-lives of 1.49 and 1.52 days. Washing followed by frying was observed to be the best method of decontamination. It was followed by washing with 1 % vinegar solution, 2 % salt solution, 2% tamarind with least in case of washing with water. No presence of λ -cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam residues were reported in chilli fruits which were much below their respective maximum residue limits (MRLs). In leaching experiment around 90 per cent of the residues were recovered totally, with no residues in leachates.
Open Access
Molecular analysis of yr genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.Thell)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Pooja; Dhanda, S.S
The present investigation entitled “Molecular analysis of Yr genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.Thell)”was conducted to evaluate 210 recombinant inbred lines of bread wheat to identify Yr genes using SSR markers, estimate variability and associations among the various traits. Medium to high values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean for grain yield per plant and biological yield in both years indicating a high scope of selection for these traits followed by 100-grain weight, number of spikelets per ear, harvest index, days to heading and days to maturity. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with biological yield, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, ear length, number of spiklets per ear, plant height and number of grains per ear, whereas negative and significantly correlated with days to heading in both years.Biological yield and harvest index had high direct and indirect effects on grain yield per plant over the years, indicating the true relationships with grain yield, in this set of material. Fifteen, out of 70 SSR markers used were found polymorphic in parental genotypes and in RILs. The gene Yr7, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr47 and Yr53 were linked to yellow rust resistance in the present investigation. The RIL No. 52 with 4 Yr genes (Yr7,Yr36,Yr47,Yr53) had better performance for the traits loaded on PC-2, namely grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of tillers per plant and showed 4 Yr genes (Yr7,Yr36,Yr47,Yr53). This line was also better than overall mean for grain yield and its components. The lines viz, RIL No. 13, 24, 31, 120, 121, 134 showed a desirable combination of the traits loaded on PC-1 and PC-2, namely grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of tillers per plant and complemented with disease resistance. Among these lines, RIL No. 24, 121 had 2 Yr genes (Yr18,Yr26, Yr7,Yr47). The RIL No. 117, 25, 12, 15 had better performance for the traits loaded on PC-1, namely grain yield, biological yield and ear length and showed 2 Yr genes out of Yr7,Yr47, Yr18,Yr36, Yr26,Yr29, Yr26,Yr29 observed in the present study. The RIL Nos. 12, 15, 25 were also showed better performance than mean values in terms of grain yield and its components.
Open Access
Isolation and characterization of imidacloprid degrading bacteria
(CCSHAU, 2017) Pooja; Goyal, Sneh
Imidacloprid, a chloronicotinyl insecticide is used in various crops like, cotton, rice, cereal, maize, sunflowers, potatoes and vegetables for the control of biting and sucking insects, including rice hoppers, aphids, thrips, whiteflies, termites, turf insects. So, there is strong need to remediate imidacloprid. The best method used is bioremediation using microorganisms mainly because of its eco-friendliness and cost effectiveness. During the present investigation, thirty one mutually morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were obtained from imidacloprid contaminated soil samples from Jalalpur kalan village and HAU fields by enrichment culture technique. Eight bacterial isolates showed growth up to 30,000 ppm imidacloprid amended in Mineral salt medium (MSM) containing glucose (0.2%). Out of eight, four isolates showing good growth onMSM agar plates containing 30,000 ppm of imidacloprid were selected for different carbon and nitrogen source utilization pattern on MSM agar plates. All the isolates showed good growth in presence of five different carbon and nitrogen sources. Therefore, these carbon and nitrogen sources were selected for imidacloprid utilization in MSM.More bacterial count and protein content was observed in the medium amended with glucose as carbon source and ammonium chloride as nitrogen source as compared to medium amended with other carbon and nitrogen sources with all the four isolates. To study the utilization of imidacloprid in liquid medium (containing glucose and ammonium chloride), medium was amended with 100 ppm imidacloprid. After 7 days of growth, residual imidacloprid was determined in the medium. Maximum utilization of imidacloprid was found with the isolate IP5 (83%) followed by IP1 (82.2 %), IP6 (74.5%) and IP7 (55.1%) respectively. Growth of four selected isolates was studied in sterilized as well as unsterilized soil amended with imidacloprid (100 ppm) for a period of two months under laboratory conditions. Viable count was higher in imidacloprid amended soil as compared to unamended soil with all the isolates. Imidacloprid level decreased in all the treatments. Percent degradation of imidacloprid was found more in unsterilized soil as compared to sterilized soil. Maximum utilization of imidacloprid was found with the isolate IP5 (76.0 %) followed by IP1 (73.0 %), IP6 (72.0%) and IP7 (57%) in sterilized soil. Similar trend was observed in unsterilized soil i.e. maximum utilization of imidacloprid with the isolate IP5 (82.2 %) followed by IP1 (80.9 %), IP6 (77.27%) and IP7 (68.34 %) respectively. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of the two imidacloprid utilizing bacterial isolates IP1 and IP5 in the presence of cotton plants under natural conditions. Germination of seeds was not observed in the treatments amended with 200 ppm imidacloprid. Shoot and root growth was found to be significantly higher in the inoculated treatments amended with 50-100 ppm imidacloprid as compared to their respective uninoculated treatments. Significant decrease in imidacloprid content was observed in soil on inoculation with bacterial isolates. Promising isolates were identified on the basis of 16 s rDNA gene sequencing. Bacterial isolate IP1 was found to be most similar to Bacillus pumilus strain NFB1 and IP5 was found to be most similar to Bacillus aryabhattai.
Open Access
Effect of different soil moisture regimes on morpho-physiological characteristics, yield and juice quality of spring planted sugarcane
(CCSHAU, 2016) Pooja; Nandwal, A.S.
The present investigations were carried out on four sugarcane varieties, two of mid late group viz., CoH 128 and CoS 767 and two of early group viz. Co 0238 and CoJ 64 during spring season of the year 2014-15 and 2015-16 under the field conditions at Regional Research Station, Chaudhary Charan Singh, Haryana Agricultural University, Uchani, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India. Forty days after planting three level of available soil moisture (ASM) were created i.e. irrigation at 50% ASM level (control), irrigation at 40% ASM level (mild stress) and irrigation at 30% ASM level (severe stress). These ASM levels were created only during pre-monsoon (in the month of May and June) period by withholding irrigation and later on i.e. post monsoon period (in the month of July), the crop was irrigated for stress revival as per requirement. Morpho-physiological, biochemical and quality parameters were recorded at various intervals and correlated with yield components. The maximum germination was recorded in varieties CoJ 64 (65.5%) and lowest in CoH 128 (48.5%) at 45 DAP. The maximum reduction in stalk height was recorded in the month of June and it was reduced by 51.15 and 39.17% at 30 and 40% ASM levels, respectively as compared to 50% ASM level and highest stalk height was recorded in the variety Co 0238. Total number of tillers were reduced by 26.06 and 19.16% at 30 and 40% ASM levels, respectively in the first week of July and highest reduction was recorded in variety CoJ 64 and lowest in CoS 767. Leaf area (23.21-16.33 dm2/clump), leaf area index (3.06-2.12), crop growth rate (6.44-4.99 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (0.007- 0.006 g g-1 day-1) and net assimilation rate (1.00-0.69 g m-2 day- 1) were severely affected under low ASM levels. Among the varieties, maximum reduction in growth parameters were recorded in varieties CoH 128 and CoJ 64 than in Co 0238 and CoS 767. After stress revival, recovery was better in Co 0238 and CoS 767. The water potential (-0.64 to -1.22 MPa) and osmotic potential (- 0.86 to -1.79 MPa) of leaf become more negative with increasing the days after exposure to low ASM levels. Values of water potential (-1.51, -1.08) and osmotic potential (-1.61 o p -1.05 MPa) was more negative in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767, respectively than CoJ 64 and CoH 128. At 90 DAP, RWC (%) content of leaf decline from 87.88 to 63.20% and less reduction was recorded in Co 0238 and CoS 767. After stress revival, highest recovery was recorded in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767. The maximum relative stress injury was recorded in CoJ 64 (27.49%) followed by CoH 128 (25.80%), Co 0238 (21.70%) and CoS Title of Thesis : Effect of different soil moisture regimes on morphophysiological characteristics, yield and juice quality of spring planted sugarcane Full name of degree holder : Pooja Admission Number : 2012BS12D Title of Degree : Doctor of philosophy Name and address of Major Advisor : Dr. A.S. Nandwal Professor (Plant Physiology) cum Additional Director of Research CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar-125 004, India Degree awarding University/Institute : Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar Year of award of degree : 2016 Major subject : Plant Physiology Number of pages in thesis : 116 + xiii Number of words in the abstract : 1121 767(20.70%) at 30% ASM level at 90 DAP. On rewatering (at 120 DAP) highest recovery was recorded in varieties Co 0238. The photosynthetic rate (6.68 to 2.82 m mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (6.68 to 2.82 m mol H2O m-2 s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.333 to 0.102 m mol H2O m-2 s-1) get reduced at low ASM levels. The maximum reduction was noticed in CoJ 64 and CoH 128. Stress revival brought a significant improvement in these parameters. Water use efficiency was increased only in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767 at 30% and 40% ASM levels at 60 and 90 DAP, respectively. Chlorophyll fluorescence (0.632 to 0.447), total chlorophyll content (12.01 to 9.44 mg g-1 DW) and K+ content in leaves (2.63 to 1.7%) decreased with increased duration of stress at low ASM levels with maximum in varieties CoJ 64 and CoH 128. On stress revival, recovery was better in varieties Co 0238 and CoS767. Lipid peroxidation in terms of MDA content (379.38 to 776.72 nmole MDA g-1 DW), reactive oxygen species content (813.0 to 1253.7 μmoles XTT FORMAZAN g-1 FW), canopy temperature (35.86-38.31°C) and pH of cell sap of leaves (5.70-5.88) increased in all the varieties at low ASM level. However, there values were more in varieties CoJ 64 and CoH 128 than in CoS 767 and Co 0238. Proline (100.87 to 393.83 μg g-1 DW), total soluble carbohydrates (12.77 to 22.41 mg g-1 DW), total soluble proteins (9.59 to 13.79 mg g-1 DW) and total ascorbic acid content (9.36 to 13.13 mg g-1 DW) increased at low ASM level, with more increase in Co 0238 and CoS 767 as compared to CoJ 64 and CoH 128. A gradual decrease was observed in above parameters after stress revival. Low ASM levels caused formation of new protein band of MW 18.56, 13.46, 31.6 and 36.6 kDa in leaves of variety Co 0238. In case of CoJ 64, one new polypeptide band of MW 38.5 kDa appeared and two polypeptide bands of MW 13.6 and 18.56 kDa disappeared. Variety CoS 767 showed the presence of four new band of 13.46, 15.6, 18.56 and 38.2 kDa. Likewise in variety CoH 128 two new polypeptide bands of MW 25.2 and 26.8 kDa appeared and 4 band of MW 13.46, 15.6, 18.17 and 54.6 kDa disappeared at 30% and 40% ASM levels. ASM levels 30% and 40% significantly induced the antioxidative defense system by increasing the specific activities of enzymes viz., peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase whereas mean values of specific activity of catalase were low and activity of antioxidative enzymes was more in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767. The specific activity of sucrose synthase did not show significant difference at different level of ASM. Juice quality parameters viz., Brix, pol and CCS (%) were not affected at low ASM levels however, maximum values of theses parameters were recorded in varieties CoJ 64 followed by Co 0238, CoS 767 and CoH 128. The yield parameters viz., number of millable canes (22.05 and 15.7%), single cane weight (23.8 and 18.32%), cane length (20.16 and 14.9%) and internodal length (9.72 and 7.8%) were reduced significantly at 30% and 40% ASM levels, respectively. Among the varieties reduction was more in variety CoJ 64 and CoH 128 than Co 0238 and CoS 767. Cane yield significantly reduced by 40.5 and 31.0% at 30% and 40% ASM levels, respectively. Similarly sugar yield reduced by 40.56 and 31.9% at 30 and 40% ASM levels, respectively as compared to 50% ASM level. Significantly low reduction in yield parameters were recorded in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767. The variety Co 0238 produced significantly highest cane yield and sugar yield (78.41 and 9.70 t ha-1) followed by CoS 767 (65.91 and 8.04 t ha-1), CoH128 (64.26 and 7.31 t ha-1) and CoJ 64 (57.60 and 7.06 t ha-1). Based on the above morpho-physiological, biochemical, juice quality and yield parameters studied, it is concluded that sugarcane varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767 showed better performance at 30% and 40% ASM levels than CoJ 64 and CoH 128.

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results