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Author: Pankaj × Start date: 2001 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mitigation of salt stress using exogenous ortho-silicic acid and analysing its effect on physiological traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07-19) Pankaj; Sarita Devi
    The present study entitled “Mitigation of salt stress using exogenous ortho-silicic acid and analysing its effect on physiological traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) were maintained by saturating each pot. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under screen house conditions on 16th July 2021. Ortho-silicic acid (1.5 and 2.5 ppm) was applied exogenously after 30 days after sowing (DAS) under stressed as well as non-stressed plants in both genotypes (CSV33MF and SSG 59-3). Sampling was done at 40 DAS and at the time of harvest. Growth parameters decreased with increasing levels of salt stress, whereas foliar application of ortho-silicic acid enhanced the growth of plants. Similarly, physiological parameters of leaf were enhanced after the application of ortho-silicic acid which were negatively affected by salt stress. Plant water relation, gaseous exchange studies, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend from control to 8 dS m-1 of salt level in both genotypes, but more percent decrease was observed at 8 dS m- 1 of salt stress like in ψw (71.83%), ψs (55.29), photosynthetic rate (46.45%), transpiration rate (93.22%) and stomatal conductance (84.21%) in SSG 59-3, over their respective control. The values ranged from 8.89 to 6.61, 25.9 to 22.4 and 52.6 to 51.5 in protein, fiber and in- vitro dry matter digestibility, respectively, at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in CSV33MF at 40 DAS. Application of OSA helped in the maintenance of plant water status, enhanced the exchange of gases and chlorophyll index irrespective of salt stress in both genotypes. Reversibly, electrolyte leakage and ash content enhanced with every increment of salt stress but application of OSA ameliorated the adverse effect of salt stress to some extent. Increment in Na+ but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content was noted under salt stress. While, the reverse trend was noticed after application of OSA. In nut shell, sorghum genotypes CSV33MF and SSG 59-3 performed better under salt stress and showed better response in alleviating salt stress with foliar application of 2.5 ppm ortho-silicic acid.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Occurrence and variability of Magnaporthe grisea inciting blast disease of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022) Pankaj; Vinod Kumar
    The present study entitled, ―Occurrence and variability of Magnaporthe grisea inciting blast disease of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]‖ was carried out in laboratory and screen house Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The study was aimed to know the occurrence and severity of pearl millet blast disease in Haryana, morphological, molecular and pathogenic variability among M. grisea isolates and chemosensitivity of different isolates of M. grisea. The maximum pearl millet blast incidence and severity was in Bhiwani district followed by Mahendragarh district whereas, minimum was in Nuh district during both the years. All the collected M. grisea isolates showed a considerably variation in cultural and morphological characters and pathogenic behaviour. Among all the isolates the maximum radial growth 42.00 mm was recorded in isolate Mg 12 followed by Mg 10 (41.67mm) and Mg 11 (41.33 mm) whereas, the minimum radial growth of 22.00 mm was recorded for Mg 4 isolate. The maximum average length of the spores (35.21 μm) was also observed in Mg 12 isolate which is significantly higher among all the isolates followed by Mg 10 (33.49 μm) and Mg 11 (31.58 μm). Mg 4 isolate (22.98 μm) showed a minimum average length of spores. Among all the fungal isolates Mg 4 isolate was found to be least pathogenic with 39.75 per cent disease severity followed by isolate Mg 6 (40.00%). The isolates Mg 12 (60.29 %), Mg 11 (57.51 %) and Mg 10 (56.84 %) were recorded most pathogenic. All the isolates showed high level of polymorphism. The cluster analysis based on ISSR primers the isolate Mg 4, Mg 6 and Mg 16 were most diverse and isolates Mg 10 and Mg 12 had the highest similarity coefficient (1.00) among the all 16 M. grisea isolates. The high relative humidity more than 90 %, Temperature 25-30°C and slightly acidic pH (6.0) favours the growth and sporulation of Magnaporthe grisea under in vitro conditions. Among the fungicides evaluated propiconazole reported maximum inhibition of the mycelial growth (91.48 %) of the fungus followed by Tebuconazole as it showed 76.17 per cent growth inhibition. The both the chemicals were significantly superior over carbendazim (68.21 %) which was found to be the least effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of the fungus.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on epidemiology and management of yellow vein mosaic virus disease of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Pankaj; Vinod Kumar
    The present study entitled, “Studies on epidemiology and management of yellow vein mosaic virus disease of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)” was conducted during the kharif 2018 at research farm, Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Okra yellow vein mosaic virus disease is a devastating viral disease which has a wide occurrence and causes considerable yield losses quantitatively and qualitatively. The viral disease can appear at all stages of crop growth depending upon favorable conditions. Environmental factors play important role in sustaining whitefly population and disease development. It was observed that whitefly population builds up started in month of July and reached to maximum in first week of October. The whitefly population and percent disease index (PDI) was observed maximum in first week of October due to prevailing favourable weather conditions, i.e. maximum temperature 34±2 °C minimum temperature 23±2 °C, morning relative humidity more than 90 per, wind speed about 3 km/h, more sunshine hours and no rainfall. The average whitefly population was maximum on Pusa Sawani (6.54) followed by Pusa A4 (5.27) and Varsha Uphar (3.78). All three cultivars had positive significant correlation with bright sunshine hours while morning relative humidity and maximum temperature was recorded positively non-significant. However, evening relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall was negatively (non-significant) correlated, while minimum temperature was recorded negatively significant with whitefly population. The maximum and minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, wind speed, and total rainfall were negatively correlated with OYVMV disease where morning relative humidity and bright sunshine hours were found positively correlated. The highly significant positive correlation was found between whitefly population and disease severity. The terminal PDI was observed highest in Pusa Sawani (73.00 %) cultivar and lowest in Varsha Uphar (18.75 %). The maximum PDI and disease incidence was observed in 14 July sown crop with wider row to row spacing while minimum in 15 June sown crop with closely spaced. For the management of OYVMV disease chemical, botanicals and resistance inducers were used. Amongst all foliar spray of malathion 50 EC @ 2ml/litre of water + sarpagandha leaf extract @10% was found most effective in managing the disease with PDI (15.55 %). Amongst the resistance inducers seed priming with salicylic acid @ 150 mg/litre and spray the same also found effective against OYVMV with PDI (28.89 %).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterisation of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes for morphological and biochemical traits
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Pankaj; Phogat, D.S.
    Fifty six oat genotypes were evaluated for 28 morphological and biochemical traits to determine the effects and interrelationships among fodder and yield attributing traits of oats. The present investigation was conducted in randomized block design in three replications at the Research Farm of forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2017-18. The high significant variation among the genotypes for all the characters at genotypic level was shown by analyses of variance. The GCV and PCV revealed high level of difference for plant height, green fodder yield, dry matter yield, number of productive tillers/plant, seed crude protein and nitrogen content indicating the effect of environment on these traits. The high heritability was recorded for 100 seed weight followed by flag leaf length. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, leaf: stem ratio, seed yield, 100-seed weight, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and nutrient content i.e., phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium and zinc. Positive and significant correlations of green fodder yield were recorded with dry matter yield, plant height, number of productive tillers/plant and total soluble sugars. Path coefficient analyses revealed that characters plant height, number of productive tillers/plant, dry matter yield and total soluble sugars had positive and direct effects on green fodder yield. The genetic diversity analysis grouped 56 oat genotypes into eight major clusters. The eleven principal components had eigen values more than one and overall explained 73.66% of the total included variability.