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Author: Pal, Brajesh Kumar × Start date: 2017 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of microbial biodiversity and heavy metals in drains of Rohtak district, Haryana
    (CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Pal, Brajesh Kumar; Gulati, Rachna
    Monthly observations on the average population of Total Bacterial counts and Total nitrogen fixing bacteria in Rohtak drain water showed significantly higher number of counts were observed in the months of February (5.13× 105CFU/ml, 5.34× 103CFU/ml) which decreased significantly in the months of March (4.87 × 105CFU/ml, 4.85× 103CFU/ml), April (4.48× 105CFU/ml, 4.36× 103CFU/ml), May (3.83× 105CFU/ml, 3.46× 103CFU/ml) and June (3.62× 105CFU/ml, 3.36× 103CFU/ml). Total coliform counts in water was lower in February (3.33 x 103 CFU/ml) which significantly increased to 5.78 x 103 CFU/ml in June. Site wise, no significant difference in the number of Total Bacterial counts and total coliforms was recorded during the present study. Site 5 witnessed significantly lower number of nitrogen fixers (3.82× 103CFU/ml) followed by site 2(4.02 × 103CFU/ml), 3(4.05 × 103CFU/ml), 4(4.33× 103CFU/ml) and 1(4.73× 103CFU/ml). Total bacterial counts in sediment was maximum in the months of February (5.65× 105CFU/g), March (5.68× 105CFU/g), April (5.35 × 105CFU/g); all three being statistically comparable with each other. The counts decreased significantly in the months of May (4.80 × 105CFU/g) and June (4.60 × 105CFU/g). Total coliform counts was maximum in the month of June (6.06 x 103 CFU/g) and minimum in the month of February (3.30 x 103 CFU/g). The nitrogen fixing bacteria in drain sediment were significantly higher in the month of March (5.60× 103CFU/g) and lower number of nitrogen fixing bacteria (3.81× 103CFU/g)were estimated in the month of June. Highest Shannon diversity index (1.572to 1.588) and Simpson index (0.7852to 0.7916) showed greater diversity at all sites. The corresponding values for sediment were 1.48to 1.59 and 0.7822-site 4 to 0.7925. Diversity indices of nitrogen fixers bacteria showed Evenness values were also higher at all sites in water (0.9708 to 0.9853) and sediment (0.976 to 0.9942). Highest Shannon diversity index (1.76 to 1.77) and Simpson index (0.8263 to 0.8283) showed greater diversity at all sites. The corresponding values for sediment were 1.767 to 1.781 and 0.8251 to 0.8314. From water and sediment of Rohtak drain, a total of 10 predominant colonies were purified, six from water (DW1, DW2, DW3, DW4, DW5, DW6) and four from sediment (DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4). The staining results of the ten bacterial isolates from water and sediment of Rohtak drain showed that 7 isolates (DW 1, DW 2, DW 3, DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4) were gram-positive and 3 isolates (DS 4, DS 5, DS 6) were gram-negative. All the isolates were catalase positive, indole positive, four were oxidase positive(DW 1, DW 4, DW 5, DW 6), Three isolates (DW 4, DW 5, DW 6) were KOH positive. 5 isolates, DW1, DW2, DW3, Ds2 and Ds3 were nitrate negative. The sequencing of the 8 Bacterial isolates revealed that DW1, DW3 were identified as Bacillus altitudinis, DW 5, DW 6 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, DW2 as Priestiaflexaand DW4 as Boseathiooxidansfrom drain water. From sediments, DS1 was identified as PaenibacilluskribbensisDS2 as KocuriapolarisDS3 as Planococcusplakortidisand DS4 as Kocuria flava. The lead, iron, zinc and manganese concentration was above permissible limits in water at all sites. Both water and sediment samples have higher cadmium concentration than permissible limit (0.003 mg/l, 3 mg/kg, respectively). Site 3(206.70 mg/kg) and 4 (241.88 mg/kg) showed higher concentration of zinc than permissible limit. In sediment, manganese content at site 4, its concentration was above permissible limit.