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ThesisItem Open Access Physiological characterization of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes under salinity(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Manisha; Anita kumariThe present investigation entitled “Physiological characterization of linseed (Linum usistatissimum L.) genotypes under salinity stress” was investigated in the laboratory of Deptt. Of Botany and Plant Physiology. Salinity is one of the most important factors that restricts plant growth in many regions of the world. In order to assess how salt stress effects germination, growth and some physiological characteristics of flax, two separate experiments were carried out in the laboratory. The first experiment included fifty genotypes and three salinity levels (control, 8dS/m and 10dS/m). The results showed that with increasing salinity, germination percentage, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight and seedling vigour index decreased as compared to control. Similarly, the relative water content of shoot and root decreased with increasing salinity level from control to 10dS/m. At 10dS/m salinity level osmotic potential (ψs) of shoot and root also declined. Total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index and total carotenoid content of shoot also decreased from control to 10dS/m salinity level. The level of osmolyte i.e. proline increased with increasing salinity level. A marked increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was noticed in both shoot and root of linseed genotypes. Enzymatic activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR) increased under salinity (10 dS m-1) stress. Despite, the increase in the activity of these enzymes ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione content decreased at 10dS/m respective to their control. The above observations suggest that salinity had a negative effect on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the growth of plants. Overall it is concluded that accession no. IC0268344, IC0499192 performed better under salinity stress so, these accessions may be considered as relatively tolerant.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of promising desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) genotype and insecticidal management of bollworm complex(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-04) Manisha; Rolania, KrishnaThe present study was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India). Effect of different sowing time, varietal screening, insecticidal management and avoidable yield loss etc. were studied against bollworms in cotton during 2018 and 2019. In the variety, HD 432 (desi) incidence of bollworms namely, Earias spp (Earias insulana & Earias vittella), and Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders was high in May sown cotton (14th May) as compared April sown cotton (12th and 27th April). Weather parameters like minimum temperature, evening relative humidity and wind speed showed significant negative correlation with spotted bollworm and pink bollworm damage. Twenty one genotypes were screened during 2017 and 2018 and green bolls damage was recorded minimum in genotype IET (2) 5 against spotted bollworm (8.87 and 9.93%, respectively) and pink bollworm (0.67 and 0.80%, respectively) bollworm. While genotype CISAA 6 was observed with maximum incidence of spotted bollworm (15.91 &18.16%) and pink bollworm (4.13 & 4.80%) during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Bollworms incidence showed negative significant correlation with rind thickness, total soluble sugar and tannin content while positive significant correlation was observed with total phenol content and crude protein in seeds. During 2018 and 2019 twenty insecticidal treatments with control was evaluated against bollworms damage. Treatment T17 (spray of spinosad 45 EC initiated at 25% square formation) was found highly effective with minimum SBW damage (6.74 & 7.36 %) in green bolls that was statistically at par with T18 (spray of Spinosad 45 EC initiated at initiation of boll formation) (7.23 & 7.97%), T13 (spray of Thiodicarb 75 WP initiated at 25 % square formation) (7.33 & 7.95%) and T5 ( Spray of Bifenthrin 10 EC initiated at 25 % square formation) (7.37 & 8.03%) during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Pink bollworm damage on locule basis was also recorded minimum in T17 (spray of spinosad 45 EC initiated at 25% square formation) with 6.16 and 8.40 per cent damage during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Significant difference was observed between yield of protected and unprotected fields. Yield obtained in protected condition was 1750 and 1628 kg/ha while in unprotected condition it was 2593 and 2356 kg/ha during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Avoidable yield loss was calculated 32.52 and 30.91 percent during 2018 and 2019, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Spatial distribution and effect of leaf characters on development of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Manisha; Rolania, KrishnaThe present study on Spatial distribution and effect of leaf characters on development of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The findings of investigation revealed that among three cotton cultivars the middle leaves of Bt cotton had the highest number of whitefly nymph (36.08 nymphs/leaf) in comparison to American (34.64 nymphs/leaf), and Desi cotton (32.10 nymphs/leaf). The population of whitefly nymphs was highest on the middle strata leaves in each cultivar, followed by the upper strata leaves, and it was minimum on the lower strata leaves. The maximum population of adults was observed on upper leaves of Bt cotton (4.26 adults/leaf) followed by American (3.09 adults/leaf) and minimum was on Desi cotton (2.63 adults/leaf). The maximum population of whitefly adult was observed on upper strata leaves than on middle strata leaves while minimum on lower strata leaves in each cultivar. There were two peaks of B. tabaci adults, observed in 34th and 40th SMW (i.e., 3rd week of August and 1st week of October). Likewise, two peaks of nymphal population were observed in 35th SMW 41st SMW (4th week of August and 2nd week of October) with number 33.04, 30.69, 27.41 and 25.98, 23.88, 20.07 nymphs/leaf in Bt, American and Desi cotton, respectively . Whitefly adult population had significant positive correlation with morning relative humidity and minimum temperature in Desi cotton only. Relative morning humidity showed a significant positive correlation with nymphal population in all the three cultivars. Several species of arthropod natural enemies were found and these included spider species, coccinellids, Chrysoperla spp. and parasitoids species. The peak activity of different natural enemies was observed during early October (40th to 43rd SMW). The study revealed that on both i.e., 45 days and 90 days plant, the whitefly development was high on 25 days old leaf on all three cultivars. Leaf area, thickness and trichome density showed a positive and significant correlation with 25 days old leaf in all three cultivars. Total chlorophyll in 5 days old leaf had a positive and highly significant correlation with nymphal duration in Desi cotton only. Tannin content showed a positive and significant correlation with egg hatchability on 25 days old leaf in Bt cotton.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) as influenced by potassium levels and foliar application of nutrients under irrigated conditions(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Manisha; Mukesh KumarAn experiment was conducted under field conditions during kharif 2021 at CCS HAU, Regional Research Station, Bawal to study the “Performance of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) as influenced by potassium levels and foliar application of nutrients under irrigated conditions.” The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with thrice replications and treatments comprised three levels of potassium (0, 20 and 30 kg K2O ha-1) and foliar spray of 2% urea along with 2% multiplex nutrient at pre-flowering and pod formation stage with basal application of RDF [20:40:00 kg ha-1 (N: P2O5:K2O)]. The results showed that the number of nodules and their fresh weight was increased significantly with the application of potassium and foliar spray of 2 % urea and 2% multiplex nutrient at pre-flowering and pod formation stage. Seed and stover yield increased with the increase potassium and foliar spray of 2 % urea and 2% multiplex nutrient at pre-flowering and pod formation stage over control. The quality parameters like as protein content and gum content significantly increased with the application of potassium up to 30 kg K2O ha-1 with foliar spray. N, P, K and S content in seed and stover was significantly increased with the application of potassium and foliar spray but Ca and Mg content in seed and stover decrease with increase in potassium level. Uptake of N, P, K and S nutrients in seed and stover significantly increased with the application of potassium and foliar spray of 2 % urea and 2% multiplex nutrient but uptake of Ca and Mg decrease with increase in potassium level. Soil properties like pH, EC and organic carbon reported no significant influenced with the levels of potassium and foliar spray. Available N, P, K, S and different forms of K (water soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K and total K) of soil after crop harvest was increased significantly while, Ca and Mg decreased significantly with the potassium application. Overall soil fertility was also found to be improved due to the application of potassium and foliar spray of urea and multiplex nutrient in clusterbean at pre-flowering and pod formation stage. The higher net monetary returns (Rs. 102240 ha-1) with B:C ratio (1.82) obtained under the treatment T9 (30 kg K2O ha-1 + 2% Urea spray+ 2% Multiplex nutrient spray). It is concluded that application of 30 kg K2O ha-1 at sowing and foliar spraying of 2% urea along with 2% multiplex at pre-flowering and pod formation stage was found to be suitable to improve soil conditions and to achieve optimum grain yield, monetary returns in clusterbean.
