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2016 - 201912020 - 20231
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of eco-friendly mordant on dyeability of cotton fabric with anionic dye
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-02) Divya; Verma, Mona
    Textile industry is considered as one of the most ecologically harmful industry in the world. There is need to approach new strategies, methods, material for dyeing treatment for environmentally friendly modification of cotton fibres for improvement of dyeability of cotton fabric with anionic dyes. To achieve the objectives of the study, different types of mordants with different direct dyes, were tried and one mordant and one direct dye was selected on the basis of colour properties of dyed fabrics. MMW chitosan and direct red dye was selected for further standardization work. Standardization of mordant treatment and dyeing process was done on the basis of percent dye absorption, colour strength (K/S) value and wash fastness grades (CC) for different variables. Application of standardized MMW chitosan and direct red dye was given on cotton fabric using exhaust method. It was found that the chitosan treated dyed cotton fabric showed higher dye absorption (71.20%), colour strength (14.01), wash fastness rating very good (4/5) than SSSC treated dyed cotton fabric having dye absorption (68.56%), colour strength (10.46 K/S) and good (4) wash fastness. The MMW chitosan treated dyed fabric showed higher crease recovery (100 degree) than SSSC treated dyed (94.1 degree) cotton fabric. The MMW chitosan treated dyed fabric showed increased percent reduction in bacterial growth against E. coli (85.51%) and S. aureus (86.20%) bacteria than SSSC treated dyed cotton fabric, 17.75% and 18.22% respectively. The MMW chitosan treated dyed cotton fabric reflected the higher UPF value (213.94) than with SSSC treated dyed cotton fabric (110.35). MMW chitosan treated dyed fabrics demonstrated better antibacterial and ultraviolet protection property than SSSC treated dyed fabrics. Thus, it was concluded that MMW chitosan treatment can enhance the colour properties of cotton fabric without using any harsh chemicals and is capable enough to replace the use of metallic salts/electrolytes in the dyeing of cotton fabric with anionic dyes. The chitosan treatment along with direct red dye played an important role in imparting the multifunctionality to cotton fabric by imparting UV protection, bacterial resistance and crease resistance in efficient way with eco-friendly and safe mordant method which will curtail the pollution load on environment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Application of triple test cross method, selection procedures and SSR markers in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.em. Thell)
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Divya; Panwar, Ishwar Singh
    The objectives of present investigation were to detect and estimate additive and dominance components of genetic variation and to study the genotype x environmental interactions for genetic components, to compare variability generated by different selection procedures i.e. conventional pedigree selection, selected spike bulk breeding, multiple seed descent (one spikelet-one plant) and selection on yield per sein early segregating generations and to analyze genetic diversity among wheat genotypes using Simple Sequence Repeat markers. The results of the analysis of variance of the triple test cross families indicated both the additive and non-additive components were involved in the inheritance of most of the traits with preponderance of the former. Additive genetic component and ‘j’ and ‘l’ type of epistasis were relatively more sensitive to environmental change than the dominance gene effects and ‘i’ type epistasis. Early generation intermatings have been suggested for exploiting both types of gene effects simultaneously in the present material. The mean values of F 4 pedigree selection generated through single plant selection were, in general, higher than those of other populations in both the crosses. Pedigree selection and selected spike bulk, in order, were found better as compared to other selection procedure i.e. multiple seed descent (single spikelet selection) and selection on yield per se. Hence, these two procedures appeared to be equally effective in handling segregating generations of wheat crosses. Genetic diversity analysis using SSR markers detects a total of 181 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1-5 with an average of 2.6 alleles per locus. The overall size of PCR products amplified ranged from 100-475 bp. NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster analysis led to grouping of 44 genotypes in such way that genotypes within each cluster had higher similarity than between clusters. The dengrogram divided broadly into two groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.620. The group I was very large and include 43 genotypes while group II includes only one genotype (Tobari) which indicates that this genotype was highly diverged with respect to other genotypes. Similarity coefficients between all genotypes ranged between 0.62 to 0.81 and averaged 0.71. Similarity coefficient showed the most closely related wheat genotypes were WH 1182 and WH 1124 and highest similarity index 0.81 while most diverse genotypes were Tobari and HD 2967 with low similarity index of 0.62.