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20193
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Author: Deepak Kumar × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on weed management practices in Gladiolus
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Deepak Kumar; Chahal, Devender
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on weed management practices in Gladiolus” was conducted during 2018-19 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, RDS Seed Farm CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment comprised of 17 treatments laid out in simple randomized block design with three replications i.e. nine herbicidal treatments with pre and post-emergence application, five mulch treatments either alone or in combinations with herbicide, one hand hoeing, one weed free and one weedy check. Polypogon monspeliensis, Phalaris minor, Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon among monocots and Chenopodium murale, Convolvulus arvensis, Fumaria parviflora and Coronopus didymus in dicots were found dominant weeds in experimental field. Among the application of herbicides or mulch materials either alone or in combinations, T13 (black polyethylene mulch) was observed very effective in controlling weeds followed by T12 (pendimethalin 1000 g fb HW + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha), T14 (mulching of straw fb HW hand weeding) and T6 (pendimethalin 1500 g/ha + straw mulch). In crop parameters, however T16 (weed free) was observed better in vegetative and floral characteristics but T13 was also observed at par with T16 viz. early sprouting of corms, plant height excluding spike (52.60 cm), plant height including spike (102.87 cm), average leaf area/sprout (547.74 cm2), flower parameters viz. days taken for spike emergence (65.67 days), days taken for colour breaking in basal floret (73.67 days), days to opening basal floret (76.20 days), duration of flowering (25.47 days), length of spike (74.00 cm),rachis length (53.67 cm), number of florets/spike (17.67), diameter of floret (9.53 cm), g/ha) number of marketable spikes (17.67). Regarding corm and cormel production, T14 was observed better with diameter of corm (6.12 cm), weight of corm (52.27 g), number of cormels/plant (19.07), weight of cormel/plant (5.22 g), number of marketable daughter corms (20.00) followed by T15 (hand hoeing) and T13. Amongst the herbicidal treatments, T12 was observed comparatively more efficient in controlling weeds and resulted in better vegetative and reproductive parameters. Interestingly, the herbicidal applications of oxyflurofen and metsulfuron-methyl (T2 &T8) caused phytotoxicity to the crop plants and the symptoms of phytotoxocity were observed at all the dates of observation. Among various weed management practices tested in this investigation, the application mulch material (either paddy straw or black polyethylene sheet) was observed best with the aspect of weed control as well as flower & corm production in gladiolus.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of growing seasons on the development and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne javanica in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Deepak Kumar; Verma, K.K.
    Investigation were carried out to study the effect of different growing seasons on the development and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne javanica in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under screen house conditions. In development and life cycle experiments, the penetration of M. javanica was observed at initial 24 hrs of inoculation in summer and monsoon season as compared to three days of spring season. The total life cycle of M. javanica was completed in 35 days during spring season at mean temperature range between 15.4 to 33.20C and mean relative humidity 34.0 to 69.7 per cent. During summer season, it was completed in 27 days with mean temperature range of 25 to 410C and relative humidity of 39 to 67 per cent. whereas during monsoon season, M. javanica took 31 days to complete its one generation in okra crop under mean temperature range of 26 to 330C and relative humidity of 73 to 90 per cent. The experiments of pathogenicity were also carried out to study the effect of different growing seasons on the plant growth parameters as well as nematode reproduction and multiplication. With increase in inoculum levels from 10 to 10000 J2/kg soil, there was significant reduction in all growth parameters. But the inoculum level of 1000 J2/kg soil was observed pathogenic during spring and summer season while, during monsoon season, 100 J2/kg soil was found pathogenic level to okra crop. The nematode reproduction and multiplication factors was observed in increasing trend with increase in inoculum levels of nematode under all the three seasons. The reproduction factor was observed negatively correlated with increasing inoculum level of nematodes. At 10000 J2/kg soil, minimum reproduction factor was observed. The prevailing temperature during all seasons and soil moisture during monsoon season due to higher rainfall were crucial factors for development, reproduction and multiplication.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining ability and molecular diversity analysis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Deepak Kumar; Panwar, I.S.
    The present study was carried out to draw out information on the nature of gene effects for yield and its components, genetic variability and assesment of genotypic variability among the parents using SSRs markers in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). The experimental material comprised nine genotypes viz. HD2967, HD3086, HD3059, Raj3765, WH711, WH283, WH1184, WH1105 and WH1124. A diallel set of 9 x 9 was prepared by crossing these genotypes in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals. Parents and their F1 generations were planted during rabi, 2017-18 in RBD (randomized block design) with three replications. The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants in parents and F1s for thirteen traits. Combining ability analysis was performed by utilizeing method 2, Model-I of Griffing (1956) which indicated that the mean squares due to GCA and SCA were significant for all the thirteen traits. The magnitude of GCA component (gi2) was higher than SCA component (sij2) for plant height and peduncle length, indicating that these traits were mainly under the control of additive genetic variance. An overall appraisal of GCA effects revealed that HD3059and HD 2967 were good combiners for the most of traits. High GCA effects are related to additive gene effects or additive x additive interaction effect which represent the fixable genetic component of variation. For grain yield the crosses, HD2967 × Raj3765, HD2967 × WH711, HD2967 × WH1184, HD3086 × Raj3765, HD3086 × WH711were identified as promising on the basis of their high per se performance, average heterosis and heterobeltiosis and with high significant SCA effects. A total of 56 alleles were detected in and number of alleles per locus ranged from 1-4 with an average of 2 alleles per locus. NTSYS-pc based two dimensional PCA analysis showed scattering of the parents. Similarity coefficient among all the nine genotypes ranged from 0.62 to 0.85. Similarity coefficient revealed WH711 and HD3059 were the most diverse parents among the nine with low similarity index 0.62. WH1124 and WH1184 were showing highest similarity among the nine and highest similarity index 0.85. The findings of genetic similarity coefficient analysis illustrated that wide genetic diversity was present among parental genotypes which was used for making crosses.