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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Twin Study on Empirical Intervention to Unravel Nature and Nurture of Intelligence
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09) Annu; Dhanda, Bimla
    The aim of present twin study was to assess the influence of genetic and environment on intelligence of twins. A sample of 150 pairs of twins in the age groups of 3-6 years was attained from 55 villages of Bhiwani district and Hisar district of Haryana state. Intelligence of twins was assessed with help of Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale (Terman and Merrill, 1960), whereas home environment of twins was assessed by using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (Caldwell and Bradley, 1984) and preschool environment of twins assessed with the help of Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (Thelma et al. 2005). The findings on heritability estimates showed that the influence of genetic on intelligence of twins was more than the environment in both districts. The results of heritability estimates also revealed that the contribution of genetic on intelligence of twins was more in the age group 5-6 years followed by 4-5 years and 3-4 years. The significant associations of intelligence were found with the variables, namely, mother‘s education and occupation, father‘s education and occupation, family size, family income and caste of twins boosted the intelligence of twins. The preschool environment of twins was also significantly associated with intelligence of twins in both Bhiwani and Hisar district. The intervention programme was also enhanced the intelligence of twins from 3-6 years in both Bhiwani and Hisar district. The twin research clearly concluded as the influence of genetic on intelligence of twins was more as compared to environmental factors and impact of genetic increases with increase in age of twins. Home environment of twins was also influential factor for the development of intelligence in twins of both districts.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical changes in genetic and induced systemic resistance due to infection of Albugo candida (Pers. ex. Lev) in Indian mustard
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-03) Annu; Rathi, A. S
    White rust disease incited by Albugo candida is an important disease of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in India particularly in northern and North eastern states. Keeping in view the enormous losses caused by the pathogen, the present investigation has been devised on biochemical changes due to infection of Albugo candida in different Indian mustard genotypes, induction of systemic resistance by non conventional chemicals, identification of slow white rusting genotypes and role of micronutrients in defence against white rust under laboratory, screen house and field conditions at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The results of biochemical analysis revealed that total phenolic content, PO, PPO, PAL and chitinase activity were found higher in healthy leaves of resistant genotypes (BIOYSR, EC399299) as compared to moderately resistant genotypes (EC399301, DRMRIJ-31) and susceptible genotypes (RH 30, RH 8812) at 35-40 DAS. There was steep increase in all the biochemical constituents at the time of disease initiation ie. at 45-50 DAS. However, increase was more in inoculated environment as compared to uninoculated environment. At maximum disease severity i.e.70-75 DAS, there was decline in all the biochemical constituents in all genotypes under both the environments. Decrease was more in susceptible genotypes indicating the exhaustion of these biochemical constituents which otherwise consider necessary to trigger genetic resistance through pathways. Efficacy of six non conventional chemicals were tested with different concentrations for induction of resistance against white rust. None of the non conventional chemical completely controlled the white rust disease even at higher concentration of 100 μg/ml. However, a maximum control was also recorded by BTH at 100 μg/ml concentration after six weeks of challenge inoculation by the pathogen followed by SA in both the variety (RH 30 and RH 0749) under screen house conditions. BTH has shown maximum induction of phenolic content, PO, PPO, PAL and chitinase activity at three days after inoculation (DAI) in both the varieties at 100 μg/ml concentration followed by SA. However, MgSO4 has shown minimum induction of these activities at three DAI in both the varieties.Out of 22 Indian mustard genotypes screened for identification of slow white rusting component, 9 genotypes exhibited longer incubation and latent periods, minimum number of pustules per leaf, minimum size of pustule, minimum sporulation, minimum disease severity and minimum AUDPC indicating slow white rusting behaviour. Among the different treatments of mcronutrients alone and in combinations, soil application of Gypsum + Borax + CuSO4 + Na2MoO4 at 30 DAS as basal dose recorded minimum white rust severity of 31.1% and staghead incidence of 4.44% and highest seed yield of 2228.55 kg ha-1 as compared to the 45.83% white rust severity and 6.09% staghead incidence and seed yield of 1779.79 kg ha-1 in control. Maximum number of primary branches per plant (5.83), secondary branches per plant (12.33), main shoot length (90.93 cm), siliquae on main shoot (62.60) and seeds per siliquae (12.53) were also observed with above treatment. Plant height, siliqua length, oil content and 1000 seed weight did not vary significantly among all the treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic and Environmental Architecture of Twins Cognition
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Annu; Dhanda, Bimla
    Genetic and environmental influences on cognition of twins from two districts of state Haryana were assessed. A sample of 100 pairs of twins in the age groups of 6-8 years was chosen from selected locations. Cognition of twins was assessed with help of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC-R (Wechsler, 1974) whereas home environment was assessed by using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory (Bradley et al. 1988). Regarding personal profile of the respondents, the results revealed that most of the twins were boys having one sibling and second ordinal position. Majority of the twins were living in nuclear family with medium size family structure. With regard to parental education, highest percentage of twins were having their fathers educated 11th and above level but were farmers, where as mothers were educated upto matriculation that was the reason they were homemakers. Result on the twins indicated that all the aspects of cognitive abilities, namely, similarities, digit span, arithmetic, object assembly, comprehension and picture arrangement were found to make significant difference in cognition of twins on the basis of standard test. The heritability estimates shown a great role of genes in framing the overall cognitive abilities of twins. The significant associations of cognitive abilities were found with the variables namely; caste, mother education and occupation in Hisar district. Home environment was also influential factor for development of cognitive abilities in twins of both districts.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Techno-economic evaluation of solar biomass shredder
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Annu; Yadvika
    The present study was carried out to evaluate the techo-economic performance of shredder. Four crops residues viz. wheat straw, paddy straw, pearl millet stalk, and cotton stalks were selected for shredding purpose. Shredding of crop residues was done at speeds (1500, 2500 and 3500) and at five moisture content (6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 %) expect for wheat which was also shredded at 16% and18% moisture content. Both the moisture content and rotational speed significantly affected the performance of shredder. The output results showed that the initial length, diameter and bulk density was recorded as ( 45.7 cm, 3.32 mm), (98.7cm, 3.28mm), (182.7cm,14.3mm) and (145cm,17.1mm) and bulk density was (23.20-28.70 kg/m3), (13.76-14.16 kg/m3), (27.00-31.27 kg/m3) and (14.37-18.20 kg/m3). and for of wheat straw, paddy straw, pearl millet stalk and cotton stalk, respectively. Both the moisture content and rotational speed significantly affected the performance of shredder. Capacity, shredding efficiency and power consumption for shredder were evaluated for all the crop residues. It was found that maximum capacity of 60.39kg/h, 55.61kg/h, 46.77 kg/h and 41.68 kg/h were obtained at 6% moisture content and 3500 rpm for all the crop residues. The optimum shredding efficiency of 97.6%, 96.8%, 98.5% and 99.1% were obtained for wheat straw, paddy straw, pearl millet stalk and cotton stalk, respectively. The maximum power consumption and of shredder was observed to be 2.03 kWh, 2.02 kWh, 2.14 kWh and 1.93 kWh at 16% moisture content and 3500 rpm for wheat straw and 12% moisture content and 3500 rpm for paddy straw, pearl millet stalk and for cotton stalk, respectively. The maximum bulk density was observed as 47.27 kg/m3, 52.23 kg/m3, 58.54 kg/m3 and 69.49 kg/m3 at 18% moisture content and 2500 rpm for wheat straw and at12% moisture content and 3500 rpm for paddy straw, pearl millet stalk and for cotton stalk, respectively. Particle size distribution was also studied for shredded crop residues through sieve analysis. The maximum average length with its weight percentage were recorded as 76.73 mm and 60.73% at 18% moisture content and 1500 rpm, 71.78mm and 60.11%, 60.20 mm and 51.96%, 62.01 mm and 70.12% at 14% moisture content and 1500 rpm for wheat straw, paddy straw, pearl millet stalk, cotton stalk, respectively. The study of environmental parameters during the entire study showed that the solar radiation varied between 770 to 1289 W/m2 while, temperature varied from 33.1°C to 38.4 °C and humidity varied from 24.6 % to 40.3 % during the entire study period. The payback period and benefit cost ratio of machine were calculated as 4.0 years and 5.0.