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Author: Anil Kumar × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09) Anil Kumar; Garhwal, R.S.
    The present investigation „Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice‟ was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different nutrient treatments on soil properties, crop yield and yield attributes, economics of basmati rice. To achieve the above objectives of the present study, a field experiment with direct seeded rice was established at CCS HAU, College of Agriculture, Kaul farm during kharif 2019. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice viz. T1 - Control, T2 - N75 P30 K30, T3 - N37.5P15K15, T4 - Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T5 - N37.5P15K15 + Biogas slurry @ 2 t ha-1, T6 - N37.5P15 K15 + Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T7 - Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1, T8 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T9 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1 and T10 - Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + Biogas slurry 2 t ha-1. Grain, straw yield and yield attributes increased markedly where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry integrated with inorganic fertilizers were applied. The highest grain yield (34.20 q ha-1), harvest index (44.21 %) and No. of effective tiller/m2 (250) was observed in T9 whereas highest straw yield (43.79 q ha-1) and plant height (107.40 cm) was observed in T6 which were significantly higher over T1 (33.48 q ha-1 and 100.07 cm respectively). The highest available NPK was observed in treatments when chemical fertilizer along with 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry was applied. The highest contents of available N and P (152.67 and 31.87 kg ha-1, respectively) were observed in T6. Whereas, the content of available K was highest (396.70 kg ha-1) in T9 treatment which were significantly higher over control. The available N, P and K in control amounted to 100, 19.67 and 358.83 kg ha-1 respectively. Lower value of bulk density and higher soil organic carbon content were observed in T6 and T9 (1.28 Mg m-3and 0.63 % respectively) which were significantly different than that recorded in T1 (1.34 Mg m-3and 0.55 % respectively). Soil organic carbon and DTPA extractable micronutrients increased significantly with application of vermocompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. A decrease in soil pH and bulk density was observed in the treatments where vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer was applied. NPK content and uptake in rice increased where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers was applied. Micronutrients content and uptake in rice was increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or with integrated use of inorganic fertilizers. The highest values of microbial biomass carbon, urease, phosphates and dehydrogenase activities were observed in T9 (375.96 μg g-1 soil, 110.93 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 504.33 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1, respectively) which were significantly higher than those recorded in control (326.28 μg g-1 soil, 92.25 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 445.40 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1). Microbial biomass carbon and enzymes activity increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or their integrated use with inorganic fertilizers. Highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T2 (N75P30K30) treatment as compared to treatments where organic manures were added because of increased cost of cultivation due to application of organic manures. However, highest net return was observed in T9 (N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of pearl millet-legume intercropping under rainfed
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Anil Kumar; Sharma, S.K
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of pearl millet–legume intercropping under rainfed conditions” was conducted during Kharif season 2020 at Dryland Agriculture Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments which included three sole crops of pearl millet, mungbean and clusterbean and intercropping of mungbean and clusterbean in replacement (2:2, 4:4 and 6:6 at 45 cm) and additive series (8:4 at 30 cm) was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. During the crop season, 280.8 mm of rainfall was received. The results showed that maximum plant height, dry matter accumulation, total number of tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant, ear head girth, ear head length and test weight of pearl millet at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest were recorded in pearl millet sole at 45 cm (T1) which was closely followed by T10 (pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm) and T11 (pearl millet + clusterbean (8:4) at 30 cm). However, the highest leaf area index at the 20, 40 and 60 DAS was obtained in pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) and at harvest maximum LAI was obtained from T1 which was at par with T8, T9, T10 and T11. Further, RGR was maximum in T10 as well as T11.. Same scenario was recorded in intercrops also, in which plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches per plant, pods per plant,seeds per pod and seed index were obtained maximum in sole cropping of mungbean and clusterbean.The maximum grain (1409 kg/ha) and stover (2927 kg/ha) yield were recorded with pearl millet sole at 45 cm. The intercropping of pealmillet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) was recorded maximum pearl millet equivalent yield (3109 kg/ha). While, maximum grain (704 and 942 kg/ha) and straw (1141 and 2092 kg/ha) yields were recorded under sole mungbean and clusterbean. The land equivalent ratio, monetary advantage index, area time equivalent ratio and total relative crowding coefficient of all intercropping treatments were higher as compared to sole pearl millet and maximum was recorded in T10 amd T11 among various intercrops. From economic point of view, highest net returns and B:C ratio was obtained in pearl millet + clusterbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) but statistically followed by pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T1 1 ) which was superior to sole and all other intercropping treatments.