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2019 - 201912020 - 20222
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Author: Ajay Singh × Start date: 1996 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Geospatial mapping and characterization of groundwater quality and its impact on soil properties in Jind district of Haryana
    (CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-08) Ajay Singh; Sheoran, Hardeep Singh
    The study was counducted in Jind district, Haryana located between 2903'00" to 2951'00" N latitude and 7553'00" to 7645'30" E longitude with an objective to determine the geospatial mapping of groundwater quality and its impact on soil properties. A total of 830 groundwater samples were collected from eight blocks, viz., Jind, Alewa, Pillukhera, Narwana, Safidon, Julana, Uchana, and Ujhana of Jind district to evaluate the impact of water quality on soil properties, 130 soil samples (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) from each category of water from each block were collected from different sites. According to AICRP (1989) criteria of groundwater quality classification, out of 830 water samples, 36.27 percent samples were found to be of good quality, 33.01 percent were marginally saline, 13.01 percent were saline and 17.23 percent were high SAR saline, 0.24 were marginally alkali and 0.24 were classified in highly alkali categories, respectively. Among the different eight blocks, maximum good quality of water (67.95%) was found in block Ujhana and maximum poor quality (79.35%) water was found in block Narwana of the Jind district. The lowest value of pH (7.03) was observed in village Padana of block Julana, while lowest EC (0.23 dSm-1) was found in village Kalwan of block Ujhana. The lowest SAR (1.46) (mmol l-1)1/2 in village Lown of block Ujhana and RSC (0.00 meq L-1) observed in all the blocks and maximum value of pH (9.80) in village Dhanauri of block Ujhana, EC (21.08 dSm- 1 ) in village Sacha Khera of block Narwana, SAR (32.61) (mmol l-1)1/2 in Makhand village of Uchana block and RSC (5.25 meq L-1) in village Rattakhera (a) of Safidon block in Jind district. The mean cationic composition in Jind district followed the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+. Likewise, the anionic composition was observed in order of Cl- > SO4 2- > HCO3 - > CO3 2-. Based on the category of irrigation water used, soil samples were collected and soil saturation extract was analyzed. The lowest to highest values of ECe, pH and SAR varied from 1.11 (Village Belarkha, block Ujhana) to 21.11 dSm-1 (Village Shadipur Khera, block Julana), 7.30 (Village Brah khurd, block Jind) to 8.75 (Village Bibipur, block Jind), 3.65 (Village Alewa, block Alewa) to 34.29 (mmol l-1)1/2 (Village Bibipur, block Jind), respectively. The ECe, pH and SAR decreased with the soil depth. Thematic maps of various groundwater quality parameters such as pH, EC, SAR, RSC and overall water quality of study area were prepared using Arc Map 10.1 software and represented with suitable legend. It could be concluded from the present study that geospatial aided mapping proved to be a better technology for better characterization and utilization of natural resources in Jind district of Haryana.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on vicine-convicine and L-DOPA in different plant parts of faba bean Vicia faba L.
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021) Ajay Singh; Ravi Kumar
    Faba bean is protein rich, however, due to the presence of favism causing agents, vicine and convicine, its utility is hindered. The present study was undertaken to estimate the vicine-convicine and L-DOPA contents in different plant parts of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes (HT 226421, HT 226419, RF 226451, RF 226443, SAEA 226561, SAEA 226556, VT 218733, VT 218725, VT 218712, VT 218702). In order to use vicine standard for estimation of vicine and convicine, its synthesis was achieved by the condensation of guanidine or urea with the -glycoside of ethyl 2-cyano-2-hydroxyacetate. L-DOPA is used for the treatment for Parkinson’s disease and it has an annual demand of $101 billion. So, L-DOPA, vicine-convicine contents were estimated in different plant parts of faba bean by using HPLC. The average L-DOPA content was maximum in flowers followed by leaves, green seeds, pods, podwalls and stems which was 47.87, 28.06, 27.23, 20.54, 14.59 and 1.82 mg/g, respectively on dry weight basis. The average total vicine and convicine content was lowest in stems followed by flowers, leaves, podwalls, pods, mature seeds and green seeds with 0.27, 0.88, 1.12, 1.21, 7.02, 7.20 and 17.43 mg/g, respectively. Total vicine and convicine content was lowest in green seeds of HT 226419, mature seeds of SAEA 226556 and pods of the variety Vikrant. Hence, the present investigation concludes that faba bean is as a good source of natural L-DOPA. Also, the vicine-convicine concentration in the green seeds is significantly high which upon ingestion can cause favism in the G6PD deficient population.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Economic Analysis of Establishment Techniques of Wheat in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Ajay Singh; Rathee, Anil Kumar
    The study was conducted in Karnal and Kaithal districts of Haryana in 2017-18 to study the comparative economics of establishment techniques of wheat in the state. It was revealed that major farmers in Karnal and Kaithal districts were selected purposively on the basis of highest area under different types of resource conservation establishment techniques. Even though, the cost of cultivation was found to be higher in CT due to higher cost in preparatory tillage still farmers doing CT. The share of variable cost in total cost of conventional technique of wheat was higher than the conservation techniques (ZTT and THST), while the share of fixed cost in total cost of THST was found to be higher as compare to CT and ZTT. On the other hand the cost of fertilizer and plant protection were higher in conventional technique rather than zero tillage and turbo happy seeder techniques. Profitability was found to be higher in THST method. Per hectare main product was more in THST method than the other one. The result of the study displayed that in case of input output relationship of wheat cultivation in Haryana, elasticity of production was decreasing return to scale indicating resources in conventional and zero tillage techniques was over utilized but in turbo happy seeder technique elasticity of production was increasing return to scale implying that the resources were efficiently used. Maximum input energy was consumed by post irrigation, FYM application and wheat straw making operations. Though, THST of wheat was produced higher output energy as compared to ZTT and CT. Whereas, on the other side, output-input ratio were observed higher in turbo happy seeder technique as compared to zero tillage and conventional techniques indicated energy efficient technology. The constraint for production of CT were weed infestation and non adoption of seed treatment. In ZTT weed infestation, limited availability of zero tillage machine at the time of sowing and problem of germination and in THST were less effective weedicides and shortage of turbo happy seeders during sowing.