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2018 - 20192
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Author: Ajay Singh × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2018 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Economic Analysis of Establishment Techniques of Wheat in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Ajay Singh; Rathee, Anil Kumar
    The study was conducted in Karnal and Kaithal districts of Haryana in 2017-18 to study the comparative economics of establishment techniques of wheat in the state. It was revealed that major farmers in Karnal and Kaithal districts were selected purposively on the basis of highest area under different types of resource conservation establishment techniques. Even though, the cost of cultivation was found to be higher in CT due to higher cost in preparatory tillage still farmers doing CT. The share of variable cost in total cost of conventional technique of wheat was higher than the conservation techniques (ZTT and THST), while the share of fixed cost in total cost of THST was found to be higher as compare to CT and ZTT. On the other hand the cost of fertilizer and plant protection were higher in conventional technique rather than zero tillage and turbo happy seeder techniques. Profitability was found to be higher in THST method. Per hectare main product was more in THST method than the other one. The result of the study displayed that in case of input output relationship of wheat cultivation in Haryana, elasticity of production was decreasing return to scale indicating resources in conventional and zero tillage techniques was over utilized but in turbo happy seeder technique elasticity of production was increasing return to scale implying that the resources were efficiently used. Maximum input energy was consumed by post irrigation, FYM application and wheat straw making operations. Though, THST of wheat was produced higher output energy as compared to ZTT and CT. Whereas, on the other side, output-input ratio were observed higher in turbo happy seeder technique as compared to zero tillage and conventional techniques indicated energy efficient technology. The constraint for production of CT were weed infestation and non adoption of seed treatment. In ZTT weed infestation, limited availability of zero tillage machine at the time of sowing and problem of germination and in THST were less effective weedicides and shortage of turbo happy seeders during sowing.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of different herbicides on kharif maize and their residual effect on succeeding wheat crop
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Ajay Singh; Mehar Chand
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different herbicides on kharif maize and their residual effect on succeeding wheat crop” was studied at Regional Research Station, Karnal during kharif 2015 and 2016 and rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17 with the objectives, to find out the effect of different weed control methods on weed flora, growth and yield of kharif planted maize, to study the residual effect of different herbicides applied in maize on succeeding wheat crop and to work out the economics of different weed control treatments. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design and comprised of seventeen treatment combination applied in kharif maize. The treatments were atrazine 750 g/ha PRE (T1), atrazine 1000 g/ha PRE (T2), atrazine 750 and 500 at PRE and 35 DAS (T3), atrazine 750 g/ha as PRE fb 2, 4-D 500 g/ha at 35 DAS (T4), atrazine 1000 g/ha as PRE fb one hoeing at 35 DAS (T5), one hoeing at 20 DAS fb atrazine 500 g/ha at 35 DAS (T6), alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE (T7), alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb hoeing at 35 DAS (T8), alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb 2, 4-D 500 g/ha at 35 DAS (T9), atrazine 375 g/ha+ alachlor 1000 g/ha as PRE (T10), tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T11), tembotrione 140 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T12), alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T13), atrazine 1000 g/ha as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T14), hoeing twice at 20 and 35 DAS (T15) , weedy check and weed free. Major weed species infesting the experimental field were Cyperus rotundus, Brachiaria reptans, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Amaranthus viridis, Digera arvensis, Phyllanthus niruri and Portulaca oleracea. The treatment alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T13) provided excellent control of all types of weeds at different stages of the crop growth during both year of experimentation. Among herbicide treatments at 50 DAS, alachlor 2000 g ha-1as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 provided highest weed control efficiency (94.6 and 95.6 %) during both the years. Maximum grain yield (6505 and 6903 kg ha-1) and yield attributes of maize were obtained in weed free treatment which was statistically at par with alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T13) (6380 and 6816 kg ha-1). No visual phyto-toxicity of any applied herbicide was observed in maize crop. All herbicide treatments employed in kharif maize, irrespective of their dose and application time did not show any residual carryover effect on succeeding wheat because of rapid microbial degradation of herbicides due to four flood irrigation applied to kharif maize and occurrence of 377.8 and 501.7 mm of rainfall between the time of application of herbicides and sowing of succeeding wheat crop.