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ThesisItem Open Access Comparative effect of neonicotinoid insecticides toxicity on antioxidant defense system of Eisenia fetida and its consecutive effect on Common carp, Cyprinus carpio(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11) Gill, Parveen; Gupta, R.K.The present has designed to evaluate the toxic effects of neonicotinoide insecticides viz. acetamiprid and imidacloprid on standard test species that is earthworm, Eisenia fetida and fish Cyprinus carpio with regard to haematology and histological parameters. Neonicotinoides are the most prominent class of pesticides in all over world. Filter paper contact toxicity test was used to determine LC50 of acetamiprid and imidacloprid against Eisenia fetida that was 0.165μg/cm2 and 0.195μl/cm2 respectively. The morphological, behavioural alterations and antioxidant defence response in the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to neonicotinoides (acetamiprid and imidacloprid) insecticides were investigated and affect the following preclittelar bulging, body constriction, blackening of body, segments swelling, oozing out of coelomic fluid, body constrictions, cuticle rupture and oozing out of fluid from the body are major detrimental effects noticed. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) activities were used as useful biomarkers to evaluate the effect of these two pesticides. The SOD, CAT and POD activities were significantly increased with an increase in the doses of acetamiprid and imidacloprid at 24 hr to 48 hr of exposure time. During 28th day’s exposure of Cyprinus carpio to various doses of acetamiprid and imidacloprid have showed various detrimental effects on their organs. Haematological parameters of fish are very important for assessment of fish physiological status affected by pesticides and Hb, PCV, RBC and MCV content of fish has decreased, when fish fed on earthworms treated with doses of acetamiprid and imidacloprid whereas WBC, MCH and MCHC increased. Histopathology study of fish provides various information regarding anatomical as well as morphological parameters of fish and untreated fish showed normal feature in all organs (gills, liver, kidney, intestine spleen, heart andskeleton muscle) whereas treated fish with pesticides showed various kinds of injuries to the organs and intensity of injuries in organs increased with increased doses of pesticides.