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Open Access
Effect of sowing time, leaf cuttings and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of Beet leaf (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Vivek; Tehlan, S.K.
The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Research Farm of the Department, Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of sowing time, leaf cuttings and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of beet leaf. The experiment was laid out in a Split-Split Plot Design with 27 treatment applications comprised of three sowing dates (22th October, 05th November and 20th November) as main plots, three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha) as sub plots and three levels of leaf cutting (no leaf cutting, one leaf cutting and two leaf cuttings) as sub-sub plots replicated thrice. Morphological parameters like plant height, leaf number, leaf dimensions were recorded significantly higher in 22th October crop with application of 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting, as compared to other levels. Phenological parameters like days to 50 % bolting and seed maturity was recorded significantly higher in 22th October crop with application of 100 kg N/ha and two leaf cuttings, as compared to other levels. Yield contributing parameters viz., number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, seed yield per hectare and biological yield along with quality parameters viz., test weight, germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour indices were recorded highest in 22th October crop with 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting, as compared to other levels. Further, the interaction of sowing time, nitrogen level and leaf cutting significantly affected almost all the growth, yield and seed quality parameters. The highest BC ratio (1.71 and 1.75) with net returns (INR 118668/ha and INR 126462/ha) was observed in beet leaf crop sown on 22th October with application of 80 kg N/ha & one leaf cutting. In the end, it is concluded that for achieving the higher yield, better seed quality and net profit, the beet leaf crop may be sown on 22th October with application of 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting.
Open Access
Response of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] to levels of irrigation, nitrogen and mulch under drip irrigation system
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-10) Sangeet Kumar; Batra, V. K.
The field experiment was conducted during spring summer season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Research Farm of the Department, Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the response of okra to levels of irrigation, nitrogen and mulch under drip irrigation system. The experiment was laid out in a Split-Split Plot Design with 27 treatment combinations comprised of three levels of drip irrigation (80, 100 and 120% ET) as main plots, three levels of nitrogen fertigation (75, 100, and 125 kg/ha) as sub plots and three level of mulch (no mulch, white plastic mulch and yellow plastic mulch) as sub-sub plots and one control treatment replicated thrice. The growth parameters were recorded maximum under drip irrigation at 120% ET, 125 kg/N per ha and yellow plastic mulch as compared to other levels, respectively, whereas all the yield and quality parameters were recorded maximum with white plastic mulch, 125 kg/N per ha and drip irrigation at 100 and 80% ET, respectively, as compared to other levels. The use of plastic mulch minimizes the weed population and maximizes the weed control efficiency. The lowest Weed dry weight and weed density and maximum weed control efficiency were recorded with white plastic mulch. However, the maximum WUE (71.03, 60.10 and 65.56 kg/ha/mm, respectively) and NUE (152.47, 148.31 and 150.39 kg/ha/kg, respectively) was observed from the level drip irrigation at 80% ET and 125 kg/N per ha, respectively. Further, the interaction of irrigation with nitrogen fertigation and mulch significantly affected almost all the growth, yield and quality parameters. The highest net returns (Rs.128289/ha and Rs.124478/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.00 and 1.99) were recorded in the treatment drip irrigation at 100% ET with 125 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation and white plastic mulch as compared to rest of the treatments combinations. In the end it is concluded that for achieving the higher yield, better quality, maximum NUE, WUE and net profit, the okra crop can be irrigated at 80% ET through drip irrigation in combination with 125 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation and milky white coloured plastic mulch.
Open Access
Effect of nitrogen levels and row spacing on growth, seed yield and quality of coriander (CoriandrumsativumL.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07-22) Ram Mehar; Tehlan, S.K.
The present study entitled “Effect of nitrogen levels and row spacing on growth, seed yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrumsativum L.)”as conducted during the Rabi 2021-22 at research farm, Department of Vegetable Science, ChaudharyCharan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar using four different nitrogen levels (45, 60, 75 and 90 kg ha-1) and three-row to row spacing (30 x 20 cm, 40 x 20 cm and 50 x 20 cm). Vegetative growth parameters i.e., plant height, primary branches at harvest along with yield and yield attributes were recorded. The quality parameters i.e., test weight, accelerated ageing test, standard germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour indices were also recorded. It was observed that nitrogen dose of 90 kg ha1 and row to row spacing 50 x 20 cm was well suited for vegetative growth except for plant height that was best in 30 x 20 cm spacing. The yield attributes were also found highest at 90 kg N ha-1 and 50 x 20 cm spacing which were statistically at par with 75 kg N ha-1and 40 x 20 cm spacing. The seed yield (seed yield per plot and seed yield per hectare) was recorded maximum at 90 kg N ha-1 and 40 x 20 cm spacing which was statistically at par with 75 kg N ha-1and 40 x 20 cm spacing. The quality parameters were recorded highest with 90 kg N ha-1and spacing 50 x 20 cm which were statistically at par with 75 kg N ha-1 and 40 x 20 cm spacing.
Open Access
Performance of varieties as affected by different crop geometry with cut seed tuber planting of potato
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Dagar, Sandeep; Panghal, V.P.S.
The experiment entitled “Performance of varieties as affected by different crop geometry with cut seed tuber planting of potato” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The treatments comprising of three potato varieties (Kufri Neelkanth, Kufri Bahar and Kufri Lima) and four different spacing (60×10 cm, 60×15 cm, 60×20 cm with cut tuber and 60×20 cm with whole tuber) were laid out in a randomized block design (factorial) with three replications keeping gross plot size 4.8x3.6 m2 net plot size 3.6x3.0 m2. The results revealed that maximum plant emergence recorded at 30 DAP, number and weight of leaves and stems per hill and number of large size tuber (>75 g grade) was recorded at spacing 60x20 cm using whole tuber, which was significantly higher as compared to other spacing. Plant height, fresh weight of foliage per m2, number of >25-50 g size tuber, marketable and biological yield was recorded maximum with 60x20 cm spacing using whole tuber for planting which was at par with 60x10 cm spacing using cut tuber, However, total number of tubers and small size tubers less than 25 g was recorded significantly higher in 60x10 cm plant spacing using cut tuber for planting. Maximum yield of large size tuber (>50-75 and >75 g grade) as well as total tuber yield (395.78 q/ha) was recorded in 60x 20cm spacing using whole tuber for planting, which was at par with cut tuber planting at 60x10 and 60x15 cm spacing. Among the varieties, Kufri Neelkanth and Kufri Lima performed better for plant emergence, plant height, number and weight of leaves and stems per hill, number and yield of tubers of >50-75 g grade as well as total tuber yield as compared to Kufri Bahar. However, maximum marketable tuber yield was recorded in Kufri Lima variety as compared to other varieties. Quality parameters such as dry matter of foliage and tuber, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar and total sugar content was recorded maximum in 60x20 cm spacing with whole tuber for planting. Among the varieties, Kufri Lima and Kufri Bahar recorded higher dry matter, reducing and total sugar content. Whereas, Kufri Bahar recorded minimum physiological, decay and sprouting losses on weight basis as compared to other varieties, hence more self-life in storage. Highest net return (Rs. 2,79,488/-) benefit cost ratio (3.18) was recorded with potato variety Kufri Neelkanth planting at 60×20 cm spacing using whole tuber for planting.
Open Access
Effect of additive series intercropping on growth, yield and quality parameters of onion seed crop
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-12) Saini, Karan Singh; Dhankhar, S.K
A field study was conducted in Experimental field of Department of Vegetable Science at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University during 2018-19 and 2019-20 with the objectives to find out the suitable intercropping system of onion and beet leaf crop under different cuttings and row spacing. Onion was taken as main crop and the variety was Hisar Onion 3 while the variety of beet leaf HS 23. The seeds of these varieties were obtained from Department of Vegetable Science. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were T1 : Onion seed crop (sole crop); T2 : Beet leaf seed crop (sole crop); T3 : Beet leaf 6 leaf cuttings (sole crop); T4 : Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 3 cuttings; T5 : Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 3 cuttings and left for seed crop; T6 : Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 4 cuttings; T7 : Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 4 cuttings and left for seed crop; T8 : Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 5 cuttings; T9 : Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 5 cuttings and left for seed crop; T10 : Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 6 cuttings; T11: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 3 cuttings; T12 : Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 3 cuttings and left for seed crop; T13: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 4 cuttings; T14: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 4 cuttings and left for seed crop ; T15 : Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 5 cuttings; T16 : Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 5 cuttings and left for seed crop; and T17: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 6 cuttings. The results revealed that intercropping system treatment T4: Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 3 cuttings and uprooting the beet leaf crop resulted into maximum number of seed stalks per bulb (9.4 and 9.7), maximum length of flowering stalks (103.0 and 99.6 cm), number of seeds per plant (6601 and 7204), seed weight per umbel (2.50 and 2.65 g), the seed weight per plant (23.29 and 25.57 g), seed yield (4.81 and 4.94 q/ha), test weight per 1000 seeds (3.53 and 3.55 g) during both years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. However, in onion crop, number of seeds per umbel were found maximum in the treatment T12: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 3 cuttings and left for seed crop 845 and 943 seeds per umbels during both cropping years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Likewise, among the quality parameters in onion crop, maximum germination (74.0 and 76.0 % ), seed vigour index-I (1162.8 and 1211.3), seed vigour index-II (122.4 and 123.0 ), maximum per cent of tetrazolium test values (92.0 and 92.0%), maximum accelerated ageing test values (46.7 and 46.0%), minimum electric conductivity (0.21 μS/cm/50 seeds and 0.21 μS/cm/50 seeds ) during both years 2018-19 and 2019-20 by intercropping system treatment T4: Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) with 3 cuttings and uprooting the beet leaf crop. In beet leaf, the highest beet leaf yield by treatment T17: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 6 cuttings yield was obtained 245.5 and 255.5 quintals during years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. However, intercropping treatment system T5: Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 3 cuttings and left for seed crop, resulted into maximum seed yield per plant (4.00 and 4.28 g/plant), test weight of 1000 seeds (13.6 and 13.8 g), germination percentage (70.7 and 71.3), vigour index-I (1313.0 and 1327.8), vigour index-II (120.3 and 121.2), tetrazolium test per cent values (86.7 and 88.0%) and accelerated ageing test per cent values (53.3 and 54.0%) during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. The seed yield was found maximum (12.28 and 12.48 q/ha) in intercropping treatment T12: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 3 cuttings and left for seed crop during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. The various indices related to assessment of yield advantage revealed that intercropping treatment T16: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 5 cuttings and left for seed crop resulted into maximum onion equivalent yield (631.68 and 648.54 kg/ha), ATER (1.65 and 1.65), during years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. However, maximum LER (1.76 and 1.76) were IER (1.76 and 1.76) achieved with the intercropping system treatment T14: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 4 cuttings and left for seed crop during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. The gross returns of the treatment T15: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 5 cuttings was recorded maximum Rs. 613600 and Rs. 637600 followed by the treatment T13: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 4 cuttings was recorded Rs. 6,03,280 and Rs. 6,29,280 /ha during both years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Among the intercropping treatment T11: Onion + Beet leaf (2 rows) 3 cuttings was recorded maximum net returns of Rs. 3,68,906 and Rs. 387329 per hectare during both years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. The minimum total cost was recorded in the treatment T2: Beet leaf seed crop (sole crop) Rs. 135415 and Rs. 142281 per hectare during years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Among the intercropping systems, the total cost was found minimum (Rs. 2, 00,686 and Rs. 2, 07,663/ha) in treatment T4: Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 3 cuttings during both years respectively. The maximum benefit cost ratio among the intercropping system was estimated in the treatment T4: Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 3 cuttings i.e., 2.76 and 2.75 during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. On the basis of the above results it can be concluded that intercropping system T4: Onion + Beet leaf (1 row) 3 cuttings performed well in terms of growth, yield, quality, yield assessment indices (OEY, LER, IER, ATER) and economics resulting into highest benefit cost ratio during both years of study.
Open Access
Evaluation of okra cultivars for growth, yield and quality under different dates of sowing
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Sunil Kumar; Kuldeep Kumar
The experiment entitled “Evaluation of okra cultivars for growth, yield and quality under different dates of sowing” was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the rainy season 2020-21 with five different dates of sowing S1 (15th June), S2 (30th June), S3 (15th July), S4 (30th July) and S5 (14th August) and three varieties V1 (Varsha Uphar), V2 (Hisar Naveen) and V3 (Hisar Unnat). Maximum plant stand after 15 days, plant height, number of fruit pickings, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, yield, dry matter, ash content, acidity and B:C ratio were recorded from 15th July date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. However, minimum number of days to 50% flowering and days to first fruit picking were recorded from 14th August date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. Maximum number of branches, internodal length, crop duration, incidence of YVMV and severity of disease were recorded minimum from 15th June date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. Based on the study, it was found that higher fruit yield with better quality of fruits and minimum incidence of disease was obtained from Hisar Naveen sown on 15th July which was statistically at par with 30th July date of sowing under prevailing Haryana climatic conditions.
Open Access
Genetic studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, 2022-10) Sehgal, Nidhi; Panghal, V.P.S.
The current investigation entitled “Genetic studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]” was conducted at Research Farm and laboratory of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif 2018, summer 2019 and kharif 2019. Bottle gourd accessions acquired from NBPGR, New Delhi were utilized for the genetical studies. In the current investigation, the magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher to that of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits under examination suggesting that the apparent variation is attributed to environmental factors in addition to the genotypes. This further indicates improvement in fruit yield will be done by selection through these traits only on phenotypic basis. Fruit yield per vine had a positive and highly significant correlation with female-male flower ratio, number of fruits per vine, and average fruit weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Heterosis studies revealed that the lines NDBG-10, IC-342077, IC-322278, IC-339209, IC-411915, Pusa Santushti, IC-342078 and IC-276413 are found to be more heterotic over better parent, local check (HBGH-35) as well as over national check (Pusa Hybrid-3). Therefore, these lines might be used as promising parents for hybridization programmes. Preponderance of dominant gene action along with over dominance in parents for most of the traits suggested that heterosis breeding approach might be more rewarding than selection in bottle gourd. The parent IC-342077, IC-342078 and Lucknow Collection were found to be the best general combiners for most of the traits based on the per se performance and gca effects and they may also act as valuable parents in hybridization or multiple crossing programme for obtaining high yielding varieties or transgressive segregants to produce new bottle gourd cultivars. Three crosses viz., IC-276413 × Pusa Santushti, IC-322278 × NDBG 10 and IC-398543 × Lucknow Collection are found to be the good specific combiners for fruit yield per vine as well as certain other yield attributes and therefore, might be utilized for yield enhancement in breeding programmes. Further, generation mean analysis via six parameter model revealed that the epistatic interaction model was sufficient to describe the type of gene action in majority of the parameters studied. In cross Pusa Naveen × G2, dominance (h) and dominance × dominance (l) gene effects displayed opposite signs for days to 50% germination, nodes to first female flower, days to anthesis of first staminate and pistillate flower, fruit diameter, length-diameter ratio of fruit and number of fruits per vine indicating duplicate epistasis which revealed that selection in later generations would be more effective for these traits.
Open Access
Grafting studies in cucurbitaceous crops
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Vikram; Arora, Indu
The present study entitled “Grafting studies in cucurbitaceous crops ” was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during summer season of 2019. Grafting crops onto resistant rootstocks is an effective technique in the management of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this experiment, the effect of different rootstocks on plant growth, fruit yield and Fusarium wilt resistance were studied in watermelon and muskmelon. Watermelon (Watermelon Scion 1 and Watermelon Scion 2) varieties were grafted onto 6 rootstock i.e Tarkakdi, Bottleguard- Local, Bottleguard-Wild, Pumpkin, Watermelon and Muskmelon. Non-grafted and self-grafted plants were used as control. Grafting significantly affected plant growth and yield. Fruit yield was positively influenced by grafting when compared with control. Maximum fruit yield per plant (9.64 kg) was found in Watermelon Scion 1 grafted onto Tarkakdi rootstock and minimum Fusarium disease incidence, was found in Watermelon Scion- 2 grafted onto Tarkakdi rootstock. Therefore Tarkakdi rootstock was found best for watermelon grafting. Muskmelon (Muskmelon Scion 1 and Muskmelon Scion 2) varieties were also grafted on 5 rootstocks i.e, Tarkakdi, Bottle guard-Local, Bottle guard-Wild, Pumpkin and Muskmelon. Non-grafted and self-grafted plants were used as control. Grafting significantly affected plant growth and yield. Fruit yield was positively influenced by grafting when compared with control. Maximum fruit yield per plant (6.94 kg) was found in Muskmelon Scion -1 grafted onto Muskmelon rootstock and in fusarium disease incidence, minimum disease incidence was found in Tarkakdi (20.39%) rootstock. Hence, Grafting improved plant growth and yield without any harmful effects on fruit quality.
Open Access
Effect of nitrogen levels under different spacing on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Chaman; Malik, T.P.
The present study entitled, “Effect of nitrogen levels under different spacing on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)” was conducted during the Rabi 2019-20 at research farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The nitrogen doses and different row to row spacing plays important role in growth, yield and quality of coriander crop. In the present investigation four nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha-1) and three different row to row spacing (20 x 15 cm, 30 x 15 cm and 40 x 15 cm) were taken into consideration. The nitrogen was applied in two split doses i.e. 50 per cent at sowing and remaining dose at 40 days after sowing (DAS). Vegetative growth parameters i.e. days to emergence, plant height, primary branches and secondary branches (45, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest), yield and yield attributes were recorded. The quality parameters i.e. test weight, electrical conductivity, standard germination and vigour indices were also recorded in in-vitro condition after harvesting. It was observed that nitrogen dose at 75 kg ha- 1 and row to row spacing 40 x 15 cm was well suited for vegetative growth except plant height that was best in 20 x 15 cm spacing. The seed yield (2119 kg ha-1) and other yield attributes were found highest at 75 kg N ha-1 with spacing 40 x 15 cm and lowest in control. The quality parameters were recorded highest with 75 kg N ha-1 and spacing 40 x 15 cm and the highest cost of cultivation (Rs. 48445 ha-1) was occurred in coriander sown at higher nitrogen levels under different spacing. Among different treatments, highest gross returns of Rs. 158925 ha-1 and highest net returns of Rs. 110480 ha-1 were obtained at 75 kg N ha-1 with 40 x 15 cm. While comparing the, benefit cost ratios, highest B: C (2.29) was recorded at 50 kg N ha-1 with 30 x 15 cm.

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