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20184
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Subject: Vegetable Science × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterosis and combining ability studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.]
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Jayanth S.; Makhan Lal
    Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] also called white flower gourd or calabash gourd belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Bottle gourd is monoecious, annual vine and the flowers are white, solitary, showy and open at later part of the day. The fruits are variable in shape and size and are highly nutritive. The production of hybrids in bottle gourd having large number of seeds per fruit is commercially viable and hence, facilitates its hybrid seed production. Exploitation of hybrid vigour in bottle gourd could increase the yield. Although, bottle gourd has a wide range of variability, very little attention has been given for its genetic improvement. The study entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina.) Standl.]” was carried out to assess the breeding value of parents by combining ability analysis using half diallel method and also to understand the usefulness of heterosis breeding. The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research farm of CCS HAU, Hisar during Spring-Summer and Rainy season of 2017. Six diverse parents were crossed in a half diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) to generate fifteen F1 hybrids and were evaluated against two standard check hybrids (HBGH-35 and Pusa Hybrid-3). The observations were recorded on 23 different characters in bottle gourd. The ANOVA exhibited significant genotypic differences, showing considerable genetic variability among different genotypes. ANOVA for combining ability showed that the mean sum of squares due to general combining ability as well as specific combining ability were also highly significant for all the traits. The specific combining ability (sca) variances were greater than general combining ability (gca) variances and the ratio of gca/sca variances did not exceed unity, indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action for all traits. On the basis of mean performance and gca effects, the parents Punjab Komal followed by Pusa Naveen and Punjab Long were the best general combiners for both earliness and yield attributes. The extent of standard heterosis for fruit yield per hectare ranged from 0.53% to 125.58% over the check HBGH-35 while, that over Pusa Hybrid-3 ranged from 7.68% to 141.63%. However, based on the mean performance, standard heterosis and sca effects, the hybrids from the crosses Pusa Naveen×Punjab Komal followed by KBG-16×Pusa Samridhi and Pusa Samridhi×Punjab Komal were considered best in terms of number of fruits per vine, average weight of fruit (g), fruit yield per vine (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). These crosses were promising with respect to yield and its contributibg traits and thus, could be exploited for further effective selection and heterosis breeding to augment the yield potential of bottle gourd.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterosis and combining ability studies in brinjal
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Rahul; Phor, S.K.
    The current investigation entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in brinjal’’ was undertaken to reproduce the information on the extent of heterosis, and to enlighten the combining ability effects of parents and hybrids using line x tester mating design. The experiment was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring-summer and rainy season of 2017. 15 lines and 3 testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design to generate 45 F1 hybrids and were evaluated against standard hybrid (Punjab Sadabahar). The observations were recorded on 13 different characters in brinjal. The analysis of variance revealed that the genotype selected for the current investigations were having sufficient amount of genetic variability among the genotypes to carry out further genetic analysis. The analysis of variance for combining ability showing that the variances due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Among all the fifteen lines, the line HE -100 was found good general combiner for characters like plant height, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruit harvest, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit length to fruit diameter ratio, fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). Similarly, among testers, BR-112 was best general combiner for plant height, days to first fruit harvest, fruit diameter, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q), HLB-12 found good combiner for number of braches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit length to fruit diameter ratio and number of fruits per plant, and H-8 tester found good combiner for only days to 50% flowering. On the basis of SCA effects, the top performing crosses were HE-104 x H-8 (50.09) and HE-105 x BR-112 (45.04) for fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). Highest heterotic value for fruit yield per plant were observed in cross combinations HE-100 x H-8 (42.27%) followed by HE-100 x HLB-12 (40.97%), HE-106 x BR-112 (37.54%) and HE-101 x BR-112 (36.46%). Highest per se performance was recorded in the line HE-100 (440.46 q), tester HLB-12 (464.75 q) and cross combinations HE-100 x H-8 (505.51 q), HE-100 x HLB-12 (500.90 q) and HE-106 x BR-112 (488.70 q) yielded highest fruit yield per hectare in brinjal.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of potato varieties to different nitrogen levels
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Yadav, Renu; Panghal, V.P.S.
    The experiment entitled “Response of potato varieties to different nitrogen levels” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2016-17. The treatments comprising of two potato varieties (Kufri Surya and Kufri Sadabahar) and five levels of nitrogen (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/ha) were laid out in a randomized block design (factorial) with three replications keeping net plot size 3.0x3.0 m and plant spacing 60x20 cm. The five competitive plants were selected randomly from each treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by potato varieties and different levels of nitrogen. The results reveal that among the nitrogen levels, the nitrogen 300 kg/ha was the best for most of the growth parameters except plant emergence and showed maximum value for plant height at 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAP, number of leaves at 60 DAP, leaf and stem weight per hill at harvest, weight of foliage and biological yield closely followed by the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha, while for yield parameters, nitrogen level 225 kg/ha was the best and showed highest value for number and weight of tubers in grade >25-50, >50-75, >75 g per plot, total tuber number per m2, total tuber number and yield per plot, total as well as marketable tuber yield and dry matter content of tubers and haulms closely followed by the nitrogen level 300 kg/ha. However, number of tubers in up to 25 g grade per plot was highest for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by nitrogen dose of 75 kg/ha. Harvest index was noted lowest for the nitrogen dose of 300 kg/ha and being highest where no nitrogen was applied. So far the variety is concerned, Kufri Sadabahar was significantly better for all the recorded parameters than the variety Kufri Surya. The highest values for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by the haulms were registered with the nitrogen dose of 300 kg/ha closely followed by 225 kg/ha. The maximum nitrogen uptake by the tubers was recorded under the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha closely followed by 300 kg/ha, phosphorus uptake for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha closely followed by 150 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha and potassium uptake for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha. Significantly higher NPK uptake by the haulms and tubers was observed for the variety Kufri Sadabahar. The interaction effect between nitrogen levels and varieties was observed significant only for potassium uptake by the tubers, being highest for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha and variety Kufri Sadabahar closely followed by nitrogen dose 300 kg/ha in association of same variety. The highest available nitrogen status in soil after harvesting was recorded for the nitrogen rate 300 kg/ha, available phosphorus for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by the nitrogen level 75 and 150 kg/ha and available potassium for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by the nitrogen dose 75 kg/ha. For the variety Kufri Surya, the available nitrogen and potassium in soil after harvesting of crop was observed significantly higher. The highest net income (Rs. 1,60,287/ha) and benefit to cost ratio (1.78) was achieved from Kufri Sadabahar variety supplied with nitrogen 225 kg/ha followed by the same variety supplied with nitrogen 300 kg/ha.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of trace elements and growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of bottle gourd
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Abdurahman; Duhan, D.S.
    The present experiment comprising of three levels of trace elements each, i.e., ZnSO4 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%, MnSO4 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50% and Boric acid 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% along with three growth regulators (NAA 200, 250 and 300 ppm, GA3 25, 50 and 75 ppm and Ethrel 100, 150 and 200 ppm) and control, was conducted at Research Farm and in Laboratory of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring summer season of 2017-18 to study the effect of trace elements and growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of bottle gourd cv. GH-22. The 19 treatment combinations were laid out in randomized block design (factorial) and for laboratory studies in completely randomized design with three replications. The results clearly indicated that Ethrel 200 ppm sprayed at 2 and 4 leaf stage significantly increased the plant growth, yield and quality parameters as compared to control treatment. The longest vine length (487 cm), lowest node to first male flower (6.7) and days to first male (46.7 days) were observed in treatment GA3 75 ppm. The number of primary branches per vine (17.7), longest fruit length (32.9 cm) with more diameter (7.5 cm), days to early picking (62.7 days), fruiting duration (49 days), pisttilate flowers per plant (17.0), number of fruits per vine (7.7), average fruit weight (833.3 g), fruit yield per plot (24.4 kg) and per hectare (361.1 q), total soluble solids (3.7%), total sugars (2.11 mg/100g) and ascorbic acid content (7.8mg/100g) were recorded maximum in plants sprayed with Ethrel 200 ppm. Minimum intermodal length (11.7 cm), days to first female flower (57.3 days), number of staminate flowers (104.3) and male to female sex ratio (6.1) was recorded in plants where Ethrel 200 ppm was sprayed. From the study, it is concluded that bottle gourd plants of cv. GH-22 when sprayed with Ethrel 200 ppm at 2 and 4 leaf stage gave the maximum income with a cost benefit ratio of Rs. 2.51 closely followed by Ethrel 150 ppm.