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Heterosis and combining ability studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.]
(CCSHAU, 2018) Jayanth S.; Makhan Lal
Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] also called white flower gourd or calabash gourd belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Bottle gourd is monoecious, annual vine and the flowers are white, solitary, showy and open at later part of the day. The fruits are variable in shape and size and are highly nutritive. The production of hybrids in bottle gourd having large number of seeds per fruit is commercially viable and hence, facilitates its hybrid seed production. Exploitation of hybrid vigour in bottle gourd could increase the yield. Although, bottle gourd has a wide range of variability, very little attention has been given for its genetic improvement. The study entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina.) Standl.]” was carried out to assess the breeding value of parents by combining ability analysis using half diallel method and also to understand the usefulness of heterosis breeding. The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research farm of CCS HAU, Hisar during Spring-Summer and Rainy season of 2017. Six diverse parents were crossed in a half diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) to generate fifteen F1 hybrids and were evaluated against two standard check hybrids (HBGH-35 and Pusa Hybrid-3). The observations were recorded on 23 different characters in bottle gourd. The ANOVA exhibited significant genotypic differences, showing considerable genetic variability among different genotypes. ANOVA for combining ability showed that the mean sum of squares due to general combining ability as well as specific combining ability were also highly significant for all the traits. The specific combining ability (sca) variances were greater than general combining ability (gca) variances and the ratio of gca/sca variances did not exceed unity, indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action for all traits. On the basis of mean performance and gca effects, the parents Punjab Komal followed by Pusa Naveen and Punjab Long were the best general combiners for both earliness and yield attributes. The extent of standard heterosis for fruit yield per hectare ranged from 0.53% to 125.58% over the check HBGH-35 while, that over Pusa Hybrid-3 ranged from 7.68% to 141.63%. However, based on the mean performance, standard heterosis and sca effects, the hybrids from the crosses Pusa Naveen×Punjab Komal followed by KBG-16×Pusa Samridhi and Pusa Samridhi×Punjab Komal were considered best in terms of number of fruits per vine, average weight of fruit (g), fruit yield per vine (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). These crosses were promising with respect to yield and its contributibg traits and thus, could be exploited for further effective selection and heterosis breeding to augment the yield potential of bottle gourd.
Open Access
Heterosis and combining ability studies in brinjal
(CCSHAU, 2018) Rahul; Phor, S.K.
The current investigation entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in brinjal’’ was undertaken to reproduce the information on the extent of heterosis, and to enlighten the combining ability effects of parents and hybrids using line x tester mating design. The experiment was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring-summer and rainy season of 2017. 15 lines and 3 testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design to generate 45 F1 hybrids and were evaluated against standard hybrid (Punjab Sadabahar). The observations were recorded on 13 different characters in brinjal. The analysis of variance revealed that the genotype selected for the current investigations were having sufficient amount of genetic variability among the genotypes to carry out further genetic analysis. The analysis of variance for combining ability showing that the variances due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Among all the fifteen lines, the line HE -100 was found good general combiner for characters like plant height, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruit harvest, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit length to fruit diameter ratio, fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). Similarly, among testers, BR-112 was best general combiner for plant height, days to first fruit harvest, fruit diameter, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q), HLB-12 found good combiner for number of braches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit length to fruit diameter ratio and number of fruits per plant, and H-8 tester found good combiner for only days to 50% flowering. On the basis of SCA effects, the top performing crosses were HE-104 x H-8 (50.09) and HE-105 x BR-112 (45.04) for fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). Highest heterotic value for fruit yield per plant were observed in cross combinations HE-100 x H-8 (42.27%) followed by HE-100 x HLB-12 (40.97%), HE-106 x BR-112 (37.54%) and HE-101 x BR-112 (36.46%). Highest per se performance was recorded in the line HE-100 (440.46 q), tester HLB-12 (464.75 q) and cross combinations HE-100 x H-8 (505.51 q), HE-100 x HLB-12 (500.90 q) and HE-106 x BR-112 (488.70 q) yielded highest fruit yield per hectare in brinjal.
Open Access
Effect of packaging materials and post-harvest essential oil treatments on the storage behavior of potato cultivars
(CCSHAU, 2018) Archana Rani; Bhatia, A.K.
The present investigation entitled “Effect of packaging materials and post-harvest essential oil treatments on the storage behaviour of potato cultivars” was carried out in Post-Harvest Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17. The four potato varieties, i.e., Kufri Bahar, Kufri Sadabahar, Kufri Surya and Kufri Pushkar were packed in gunny bags, nylon netted bag, cotton bag, polyethylene bag (LDPE) and plastic crates in all the possible combinations under ambient conditions in first experiment. Under second experiment four types of sprout suppressant i.e., clove oil, mint oil, neem oil and tea tree oil with their three concentration i.e., 10 ml/litre, 15 ml/litre and 20 ml/litre were applied on potato tubers cv. Kufri Pushkar and stored in cardboard boxes for various parameters. The loss in weight of tubers due to physiological activities, decaying and sprouting increased with the increase in storage period. Dry matter content and specific gravity, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugar and total sugars also increased with increasing storage period. There was a marked reduction in phenol, ascorbic acid and starch content of potato tubers during storage up to the end of the experiment. Among the packaging materials, plastic crates showed the highest PLW (19.0 and 18.2%), whereas, LDPE bags the lowest (13.3 and 12.5%), decay loss was noticed highest in LDPE bags (49.7 and 47.7%) followed by cotton bags (36.4 and 38.1%) and sprouting loss was observed highest in plastic crates (83.3 and 15.0%), whereas, lowest in LDPE bags (55.1 and 7.2%) on 90th day of storage during first and second trial, respectively. Specific gravity showed non-significant difference with respect to packaging material but all the varieties showed their significant difference. LDPE bags showed highest value for ascorbic acid (14.54 and 16.21mg), phenols (26.57 and 25.93 mg) and dry matter (17.11 and 17.09%), whereas, plastic crates showed lowest value for ascorbic acid (11.79 and 10.96 mg), phenols (17.33 and 18.15 mg) and dry matter (16.12 and 15.77%) at the end of storage period in both year of storage study. Among the varieties, PLW was recorded highest in Kufri Bahar (16.97 and 15.54%), whereas, lowest in Kufri Pushkar (14.29 and 13.65%), decay loss was maximum in Kufri Pushkar (47.2 and 46.4%) while, minimum in Kufri Kufri Sadabahr (19.4 and 19.7%). So, far the variety is concerned, Kufri Sadabahar and among packaging materials, gunny bags followed by nylon netted bags showed overall better performance and Kufri Pushkar showed poor storage life. Amongst sprout suppressant, clove showed minimum PLW (8.13 and 7.79%), while, mint oil maximum (10.09 and 9.76%), tea tree oil showed lowest decay loss (31.62 and 28.31%), whereas, mint oil showed highest (37.47 and 37.41%). So far general appearance, tubers with different sprout suppressant showed sounded tubers than potato tubers under absolute control. Among anti sprouting agents, clove oil was significantly better while, among concentration, C2 and C3 showed better results for all the recorded parameters.
Open Access
Effect of low plastic tunnels, transplanting dates and mulching on yield and quality of tomato
(CCSHAU, 2018) Ansul; Batra, V.K.
The present investigation entitled “Effect of low plastic tunnel, transplanting dates and mulching on yield and quality of tomato production”was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Laboratory work was carried out at Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi of 2014-15 and 2015-16. A field experimentcomprising of two types of tunnels i.e. low tunnel and without tunnel, three dates of transplanting (30th November, 20th December, 10th January,) and three types of mulching materials (black polyethylene, white polythene and control) were laid out in three factorial RBD design with three replications, thus making a total of eighteen treatment combinations, from the various parameters. The results of the study clearly indicated that the plant height and number of branches plant-1 were recorded significantly higher when seedlings were transplanted on 20th December under plastic low tunnel with black polyethylene as mulching material. The minimum number of days to 50% flowering and days to first harvesting were observed in case where the crop transplanted on 10th January under low tunnel using black polyethylene mulch. The maximum number of days taken to last harvesting was recorded when seedlings were transplanted on 30th November under low tunnel with black polyethylene mulch. Moreover, the number of flower per inflorescence, number of inflorescence plant-1, fruits plant-1, fruit weight and early fruit yield q/ha and marketable fruit yield q/ha was recorded maximum under plastic low tunnel when the crop was transplanted on 20th December with black polyethylene mulch while minimum unmarketable yield was observed when seedlings were transplanted under plastic low tunnel on 30th November using black polyethylene as mulch. When the crop was transplanted on 30th November under plastic low tunnel with black polyethylene mulch recorded the minimum weed intensity and dry weight at harvesting stage. In case of qualitative parameters, significantly higher pericarp thickness, acidity, ascorbic acid content and total soluble solids were recorded in the treatment where the seedlings were transplanted on 30th November under plastic low tunnel with black polyethylene as mulch and it was observed that all the qualitative characteristics of the crop (pericarp thickness, acidity, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids) were significantly decreased with delay in planting while the maximum fruit firmness was recorded when tomato seedlings were transplanted on 20th December under low plastic tunnel using black polyethylene as mulching material.The economics of various treatments with benefit to cost ratio and net return was also calculated and the maximum benefit to cost ratio (2.17: 1) and net return (Rs. 278388/ ha) was obtained from tomato crop transplanted 20th December under plastic low tunnel with black polyethylene mulch. From the study, it is concluded that the tomato crop planted on 20th December under low tunnel using black polyethylene as mulching material gave the best results.
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Genetic divergence and seed vigour studies in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Ravi Kumar, Telugu; Tehlan, S.K.
The present investigation “Genetic divergence and seed vigour studies in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)” evaluated that 50 genotypes of fennel to determine divergence for yield and its components traits. All the genotypes were also studied to know the seed vigour assessment. The study revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for all the quantitative characters indicating the presence of based on sufficient amount of variation. The analysis based on Mahalnobis D2 statistics the genotypes were grouped in to VIII clusters. Cluster I was having highest number of genotypes and it was followed by clusters IV, III and VI. Based on Tocher‟s method genotypes were grouped into VIII distinct clusters. The distances were significant difference which helps for maximum genetic segregation and genetic recombination for crosses as well as obtaining heterotic response in breeding program for improving yield and its related traits. The analysis of genotypic as well as phenotypic correlations revealed that, the seed yield had positive correlation with plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, umbels per plant, umbellates per umbel, seeds per umbellate, seeds per umbel, seed yield, harvest index, test weight, except days to 50% flowering. Thus selection for these traits should be worked to enhance the yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed high positive direct effect of seed yield per plant, umbels per plant, test weight, seeds per umbel, seeds per umbellate, umbellates per umbel, biological yield per plant and harvest index on seed yield. Therefore simultaneous selection for these traits is suggested for improvement of seed yield in fennel. Maximum vigour potential was shown by HF-171, genotype that showed superiority for almost all vigour parameters. Standard germination, vigour indices and accelerated ageing test were found to be the most suitable predictions for field establishment in fennel.
Open Access
Response of potato varieties to different nitrogen levels
(CCSHAU, 2018) Yadav, Renu; Panghal, V.P.S.
The experiment entitled “Response of potato varieties to different nitrogen levels” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2016-17. The treatments comprising of two potato varieties (Kufri Surya and Kufri Sadabahar) and five levels of nitrogen (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/ha) were laid out in a randomized block design (factorial) with three replications keeping net plot size 3.0x3.0 m and plant spacing 60x20 cm. The five competitive plants were selected randomly from each treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by potato varieties and different levels of nitrogen. The results reveal that among the nitrogen levels, the nitrogen 300 kg/ha was the best for most of the growth parameters except plant emergence and showed maximum value for plant height at 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAP, number of leaves at 60 DAP, leaf and stem weight per hill at harvest, weight of foliage and biological yield closely followed by the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha, while for yield parameters, nitrogen level 225 kg/ha was the best and showed highest value for number and weight of tubers in grade >25-50, >50-75, >75 g per plot, total tuber number per m2, total tuber number and yield per plot, total as well as marketable tuber yield and dry matter content of tubers and haulms closely followed by the nitrogen level 300 kg/ha. However, number of tubers in up to 25 g grade per plot was highest for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by nitrogen dose of 75 kg/ha. Harvest index was noted lowest for the nitrogen dose of 300 kg/ha and being highest where no nitrogen was applied. So far the variety is concerned, Kufri Sadabahar was significantly better for all the recorded parameters than the variety Kufri Surya. The highest values for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by the haulms were registered with the nitrogen dose of 300 kg/ha closely followed by 225 kg/ha. The maximum nitrogen uptake by the tubers was recorded under the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha closely followed by 300 kg/ha, phosphorus uptake for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha closely followed by 150 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha and potassium uptake for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha. Significantly higher NPK uptake by the haulms and tubers was observed for the variety Kufri Sadabahar. The interaction effect between nitrogen levels and varieties was observed significant only for potassium uptake by the tubers, being highest for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha and variety Kufri Sadabahar closely followed by nitrogen dose 300 kg/ha in association of same variety. The highest available nitrogen status in soil after harvesting was recorded for the nitrogen rate 300 kg/ha, available phosphorus for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by the nitrogen level 75 and 150 kg/ha and available potassium for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by the nitrogen dose 75 kg/ha. For the variety Kufri Surya, the available nitrogen and potassium in soil after harvesting of crop was observed significantly higher. The highest net income (Rs. 1,60,287/ha) and benefit to cost ratio (1.78) was achieved from Kufri Sadabahar variety supplied with nitrogen 225 kg/ha followed by the same variety supplied with nitrogen 300 kg/ha.
Open Access
Inheritance of growth and yield traits in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
(CCSHAU, 2018) Mekala, Srikanth; Dhankhar, S.K.
A field experiment was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University for growth, yield traits and YVMV resistance. Four F1 hybrids namely, Hisar Naveen x Varsha Uphar, HB 25-2 x HB-32, HB-40 x HB-27 and HB-1157 x Pusa Sawani, hybrids along with their respective parents were sown during spring-summer 2016 to produce the seeds of F2, back crosses (B1 and B2) and fresh seeds of parents and F1 for evaluation. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) of four crosses were sown during Kharif 2016 in Compact Family Block Design to evaluate them for growth, yield, its traits and resistance to YVMV. The data collected from evaluation of six generations of four crosses were subjected to statistical analysis of correlation, path analysis and generation mean analysis. Study on association of traits revealed that selection for branches per plant, plant height, fruit weight, fruit length and number of fruits could improve the fruit yield per plant. Based on gene action studies in all the crosses dominance gene effects were greater than additive effects except in HB-40 x HB-27 cross additive gene effects were greater than dominance gene effects. Therefore, improvement in these crosses viz., Hisar Naveen x Varsha Uphar, HB 25-2 x HB-32 and HB-1157 x Pusa Sawani may be carried out in the later generations after reduction of non-additive components for yield and yield contributing traits. Breeding line HB-1157 was found resistant against the YVMV disease. Qualitative analysis for YVMV resistance using goodness of fit showed that the resistance to YVMV was governed by single dominant gene in HB-1157.
Open Access
Effect of trace elements and growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of bottle gourd
(CCSHAU, 2018) Abdurahman; Duhan, D.S.
The present experiment comprising of three levels of trace elements each, i.e., ZnSO4 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%, MnSO4 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50% and Boric acid 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% along with three growth regulators (NAA 200, 250 and 300 ppm, GA3 25, 50 and 75 ppm and Ethrel 100, 150 and 200 ppm) and control, was conducted at Research Farm and in Laboratory of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring summer season of 2017-18 to study the effect of trace elements and growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of bottle gourd cv. GH-22. The 19 treatment combinations were laid out in randomized block design (factorial) and for laboratory studies in completely randomized design with three replications. The results clearly indicated that Ethrel 200 ppm sprayed at 2 and 4 leaf stage significantly increased the plant growth, yield and quality parameters as compared to control treatment. The longest vine length (487 cm), lowest node to first male flower (6.7) and days to first male (46.7 days) were observed in treatment GA3 75 ppm. The number of primary branches per vine (17.7), longest fruit length (32.9 cm) with more diameter (7.5 cm), days to early picking (62.7 days), fruiting duration (49 days), pisttilate flowers per plant (17.0), number of fruits per vine (7.7), average fruit weight (833.3 g), fruit yield per plot (24.4 kg) and per hectare (361.1 q), total soluble solids (3.7%), total sugars (2.11 mg/100g) and ascorbic acid content (7.8mg/100g) were recorded maximum in plants sprayed with Ethrel 200 ppm. Minimum intermodal length (11.7 cm), days to first female flower (57.3 days), number of staminate flowers (104.3) and male to female sex ratio (6.1) was recorded in plants where Ethrel 200 ppm was sprayed. From the study, it is concluded that bottle gourd plants of cv. GH-22 when sprayed with Ethrel 200 ppm at 2 and 4 leaf stage gave the maximum income with a cost benefit ratio of Rs. 2.51 closely followed by Ethrel 150 ppm.
Open Access
Effect of pinching and plant growth regulators on bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] production
(CCSHAU, 2017) Surender, Mittal; Makhan Lal
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a member of cucurbitaceae family. This is a monoecious, annual, trailing or climbing vine with hairy stems, long forked tendrils, bears hard-shelled fruits with very distinct (long oblong-round and miscellaneous) and fruit size is diverse with colour being dark green to green-white. Bottle gourd is one of the excellent fruits gifted by the nature to human beings having composition of all the essential constituents that are required for good health and quality human life. It is grown in rainy season and as well as summer season vegetable and its fruits are available in the market throughout the year. Flowering in bottle gourd is very important phase of development because fruiting and yield both depends on this stage. Reduced production of female flowers in proportion to male is the main handicap in decreasing fruit production in this monoecious crop. It ultimately affects the economics of farmers.It can be compensated by some mechanical techniques like pinching and chemical practices like use of plant growth regulators.This study was conduct to examine the effect of pinching and plant growth regulators on bottle gourd production. This experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science in Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during to find out the effect of pinching and plant growth regulators on growth, yield and economics of bottle gourd during 2016-2017. The treatments comprising three levels of pinching (no pinching, pinching at 4th node and pinching at 6th node) and five concentrations of plant growth regulators (Ethrel @ 100 ppm, Ethrel @ 200 ppm, GA3 @ 25ppm and GA3 @ 50 ppm) with control (water spray) were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The seeds of variety Pusa Summer Prolifc Long (PSPL) were sown at the spacing of 2.5 m between rows and 0.60 m between plants. Ethrel @ 200 ppm and pinching at 6th node significantly increases number of branches per vine, days to first male flower appearance, number of female flowers, fruit length, diameter , weight, number of fruits, yield and reduce the inter-nodal distance, number of node at which first female flower appearance, days to first female flower appearance, number of male flower and sex ratio followed by ethrel @100 ppm and pinching was done at 4th node. Whereas, GA3 @ 25 and 50 ppm also significantly influence the growth, floral and yield parameters of bottle gourd. GA3 @ 50 ppm maximum increase fruit length followed by GA3 @ 25 ppm. The highest net returns (Rs. 153835) with benefit cost ratio (2.72) for bottle gourd crop were obtained by pinching at 6th node with application of ethrel @ 200 ppm followed by net returns (Rs. 147535) with benefit cost ratio (2.65) when pinching at 4th node was done with ethrel spray @ 200 ppm.

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