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Open Access
Heterosis and combining ability studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.]
(CCSHAU, 2018) Jayanth S.; Makhan Lal
Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] also called white flower gourd or calabash gourd belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Bottle gourd is monoecious, annual vine and the flowers are white, solitary, showy and open at later part of the day. The fruits are variable in shape and size and are highly nutritive. The production of hybrids in bottle gourd having large number of seeds per fruit is commercially viable and hence, facilitates its hybrid seed production. Exploitation of hybrid vigour in bottle gourd could increase the yield. Although, bottle gourd has a wide range of variability, very little attention has been given for its genetic improvement. The study entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina.) Standl.]” was carried out to assess the breeding value of parents by combining ability analysis using half diallel method and also to understand the usefulness of heterosis breeding. The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research farm of CCS HAU, Hisar during Spring-Summer and Rainy season of 2017. Six diverse parents were crossed in a half diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) to generate fifteen F1 hybrids and were evaluated against two standard check hybrids (HBGH-35 and Pusa Hybrid-3). The observations were recorded on 23 different characters in bottle gourd. The ANOVA exhibited significant genotypic differences, showing considerable genetic variability among different genotypes. ANOVA for combining ability showed that the mean sum of squares due to general combining ability as well as specific combining ability were also highly significant for all the traits. The specific combining ability (sca) variances were greater than general combining ability (gca) variances and the ratio of gca/sca variances did not exceed unity, indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action for all traits. On the basis of mean performance and gca effects, the parents Punjab Komal followed by Pusa Naveen and Punjab Long were the best general combiners for both earliness and yield attributes. The extent of standard heterosis for fruit yield per hectare ranged from 0.53% to 125.58% over the check HBGH-35 while, that over Pusa Hybrid-3 ranged from 7.68% to 141.63%. However, based on the mean performance, standard heterosis and sca effects, the hybrids from the crosses Pusa Naveen×Punjab Komal followed by KBG-16×Pusa Samridhi and Pusa Samridhi×Punjab Komal were considered best in terms of number of fruits per vine, average weight of fruit (g), fruit yield per vine (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). These crosses were promising with respect to yield and its contributibg traits and thus, could be exploited for further effective selection and heterosis breeding to augment the yield potential of bottle gourd.
Open Access
Heterosis and combining ability studies in brinjal
(CCSHAU, 2018) Rahul; Phor, S.K.
The current investigation entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in brinjal’’ was undertaken to reproduce the information on the extent of heterosis, and to enlighten the combining ability effects of parents and hybrids using line x tester mating design. The experiment was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring-summer and rainy season of 2017. 15 lines and 3 testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design to generate 45 F1 hybrids and were evaluated against standard hybrid (Punjab Sadabahar). The observations were recorded on 13 different characters in brinjal. The analysis of variance revealed that the genotype selected for the current investigations were having sufficient amount of genetic variability among the genotypes to carry out further genetic analysis. The analysis of variance for combining ability showing that the variances due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Among all the fifteen lines, the line HE -100 was found good general combiner for characters like plant height, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruit harvest, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit length to fruit diameter ratio, fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). Similarly, among testers, BR-112 was best general combiner for plant height, days to first fruit harvest, fruit diameter, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q), HLB-12 found good combiner for number of braches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit length to fruit diameter ratio and number of fruits per plant, and H-8 tester found good combiner for only days to 50% flowering. On the basis of SCA effects, the top performing crosses were HE-104 x H-8 (50.09) and HE-105 x BR-112 (45.04) for fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). Highest heterotic value for fruit yield per plant were observed in cross combinations HE-100 x H-8 (42.27%) followed by HE-100 x HLB-12 (40.97%), HE-106 x BR-112 (37.54%) and HE-101 x BR-112 (36.46%). Highest per se performance was recorded in the line HE-100 (440.46 q), tester HLB-12 (464.75 q) and cross combinations HE-100 x H-8 (505.51 q), HE-100 x HLB-12 (500.90 q) and HE-106 x BR-112 (488.70 q) yielded highest fruit yield per hectare in brinjal.
Open Access
Response of potato varieties to different nitrogen levels
(CCSHAU, 2018) Yadav, Renu; Panghal, V.P.S.
The experiment entitled “Response of potato varieties to different nitrogen levels” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2016-17. The treatments comprising of two potato varieties (Kufri Surya and Kufri Sadabahar) and five levels of nitrogen (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/ha) were laid out in a randomized block design (factorial) with three replications keeping net plot size 3.0x3.0 m and plant spacing 60x20 cm. The five competitive plants were selected randomly from each treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by potato varieties and different levels of nitrogen. The results reveal that among the nitrogen levels, the nitrogen 300 kg/ha was the best for most of the growth parameters except plant emergence and showed maximum value for plant height at 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAP, number of leaves at 60 DAP, leaf and stem weight per hill at harvest, weight of foliage and biological yield closely followed by the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha, while for yield parameters, nitrogen level 225 kg/ha was the best and showed highest value for number and weight of tubers in grade >25-50, >50-75, >75 g per plot, total tuber number per m2, total tuber number and yield per plot, total as well as marketable tuber yield and dry matter content of tubers and haulms closely followed by the nitrogen level 300 kg/ha. However, number of tubers in up to 25 g grade per plot was highest for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by nitrogen dose of 75 kg/ha. Harvest index was noted lowest for the nitrogen dose of 300 kg/ha and being highest where no nitrogen was applied. So far the variety is concerned, Kufri Sadabahar was significantly better for all the recorded parameters than the variety Kufri Surya. The highest values for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by the haulms were registered with the nitrogen dose of 300 kg/ha closely followed by 225 kg/ha. The maximum nitrogen uptake by the tubers was recorded under the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha closely followed by 300 kg/ha, phosphorus uptake for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha closely followed by 150 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha and potassium uptake for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha. Significantly higher NPK uptake by the haulms and tubers was observed for the variety Kufri Sadabahar. The interaction effect between nitrogen levels and varieties was observed significant only for potassium uptake by the tubers, being highest for the nitrogen dose 225 kg/ha and variety Kufri Sadabahar closely followed by nitrogen dose 300 kg/ha in association of same variety. The highest available nitrogen status in soil after harvesting was recorded for the nitrogen rate 300 kg/ha, available phosphorus for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by the nitrogen level 75 and 150 kg/ha and available potassium for the treatment where no nitrogen was applied closely followed by the nitrogen dose 75 kg/ha. For the variety Kufri Surya, the available nitrogen and potassium in soil after harvesting of crop was observed significantly higher. The highest net income (Rs. 1,60,287/ha) and benefit to cost ratio (1.78) was achieved from Kufri Sadabahar variety supplied with nitrogen 225 kg/ha followed by the same variety supplied with nitrogen 300 kg/ha.
Open Access
Effect of trace elements and growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of bottle gourd
(CCSHAU, 2018) Abdurahman; Duhan, D.S.
The present experiment comprising of three levels of trace elements each, i.e., ZnSO4 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%, MnSO4 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50% and Boric acid 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% along with three growth regulators (NAA 200, 250 and 300 ppm, GA3 25, 50 and 75 ppm and Ethrel 100, 150 and 200 ppm) and control, was conducted at Research Farm and in Laboratory of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring summer season of 2017-18 to study the effect of trace elements and growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of bottle gourd cv. GH-22. The 19 treatment combinations were laid out in randomized block design (factorial) and for laboratory studies in completely randomized design with three replications. The results clearly indicated that Ethrel 200 ppm sprayed at 2 and 4 leaf stage significantly increased the plant growth, yield and quality parameters as compared to control treatment. The longest vine length (487 cm), lowest node to first male flower (6.7) and days to first male (46.7 days) were observed in treatment GA3 75 ppm. The number of primary branches per vine (17.7), longest fruit length (32.9 cm) with more diameter (7.5 cm), days to early picking (62.7 days), fruiting duration (49 days), pisttilate flowers per plant (17.0), number of fruits per vine (7.7), average fruit weight (833.3 g), fruit yield per plot (24.4 kg) and per hectare (361.1 q), total soluble solids (3.7%), total sugars (2.11 mg/100g) and ascorbic acid content (7.8mg/100g) were recorded maximum in plants sprayed with Ethrel 200 ppm. Minimum intermodal length (11.7 cm), days to first female flower (57.3 days), number of staminate flowers (104.3) and male to female sex ratio (6.1) was recorded in plants where Ethrel 200 ppm was sprayed. From the study, it is concluded that bottle gourd plants of cv. GH-22 when sprayed with Ethrel 200 ppm at 2 and 4 leaf stage gave the maximum income with a cost benefit ratio of Rs. 2.51 closely followed by Ethrel 150 ppm.
Open Access
Effect of pinching and plant growth regulators on bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] production
(CCSHAU, 2017) Surender, Mittal; Makhan Lal
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a member of cucurbitaceae family. This is a monoecious, annual, trailing or climbing vine with hairy stems, long forked tendrils, bears hard-shelled fruits with very distinct (long oblong-round and miscellaneous) and fruit size is diverse with colour being dark green to green-white. Bottle gourd is one of the excellent fruits gifted by the nature to human beings having composition of all the essential constituents that are required for good health and quality human life. It is grown in rainy season and as well as summer season vegetable and its fruits are available in the market throughout the year. Flowering in bottle gourd is very important phase of development because fruiting and yield both depends on this stage. Reduced production of female flowers in proportion to male is the main handicap in decreasing fruit production in this monoecious crop. It ultimately affects the economics of farmers.It can be compensated by some mechanical techniques like pinching and chemical practices like use of plant growth regulators.This study was conduct to examine the effect of pinching and plant growth regulators on bottle gourd production. This experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science in Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during to find out the effect of pinching and plant growth regulators on growth, yield and economics of bottle gourd during 2016-2017. The treatments comprising three levels of pinching (no pinching, pinching at 4th node and pinching at 6th node) and five concentrations of plant growth regulators (Ethrel @ 100 ppm, Ethrel @ 200 ppm, GA3 @ 25ppm and GA3 @ 50 ppm) with control (water spray) were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The seeds of variety Pusa Summer Prolifc Long (PSPL) were sown at the spacing of 2.5 m between rows and 0.60 m between plants. Ethrel @ 200 ppm and pinching at 6th node significantly increases number of branches per vine, days to first male flower appearance, number of female flowers, fruit length, diameter , weight, number of fruits, yield and reduce the inter-nodal distance, number of node at which first female flower appearance, days to first female flower appearance, number of male flower and sex ratio followed by ethrel @100 ppm and pinching was done at 4th node. Whereas, GA3 @ 25 and 50 ppm also significantly influence the growth, floral and yield parameters of bottle gourd. GA3 @ 50 ppm maximum increase fruit length followed by GA3 @ 25 ppm. The highest net returns (Rs. 153835) with benefit cost ratio (2.72) for bottle gourd crop were obtained by pinching at 6th node with application of ethrel @ 200 ppm followed by net returns (Rs. 147535) with benefit cost ratio (2.65) when pinching at 4th node was done with ethrel spray @ 200 ppm.
Open Access
Effect of gibberellic acid on seed production of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2017) Sachin Kumar; Malik, T.P.
The experiment entitled “Effect of gibberellic acid on seed production of coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.) was conducted during Rabi season of 2016 -17 at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The seed material used for the investigation was varieties Hisar Sugandh (DH-36) and Hisar Bhoomit (DH-228). In the present experiment, gibberellic acid concentration 50 ppm was sprayed at three different stages of crop growth (Seed soaking, Spray at leaf stage and Spray at 50% flowering stage). Sixteen treatment combinations laid out in Randomized Block Design were replicated thrice making total of 48 plots. Based on the experimental results, it was concluded that application of gibberellic acid improved the growth, yield and quality of coriander seeds. Seed soaking + Spray at leaf stage + Spray at 50% flowering stage was the right combination for gibberellic acid application to improve the growth and yield of coriander and the quality of coriander seed. In case of spray at two stage, (Seed soaking + Spray at leaf stage) was the right combination to improve the biological yield, whereas, (Spray at leaf stage + Spray at 50% flowering) was the right combination to improve the seed yield and quality like test weight, germination (%), vigor index-I and vigor index-II. With the combination of Seed soaking + Spray at leaf stage + Spray at 50% flowering, the variety Hisar Sugandh found better for seed yield.
Open Access
Effect of nitrogen application in drip irrigated tomato
(CCSHAU, 2017) Mehta, Ankit; Makhan Lal
Tomato is one of the most popular vegetable crops and rich source of vitamin A and C, it serves as an anti-oxidant as the B-carotene functions help to prevent and neutralize free radical chain reactions. Proper management and use of water and fertilizer is of paramount importance for production of crop. Fertigation is known to have better fertilizer as well as water use efficiency as compared to other method of fertilizer and water application. This study was conducted to examine the effect of different nitrogen levels and its fertigation frequency on tomato crop. Experiment was conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre and laboratories of Department of Vegetable Science and Agronomy in ChaudharyCharan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experimental layout was carried out in factorial randomized block design with three replications, treatments comprising of three levels of nitrogen (80, 100 and 120 kg/ha) and three fertigations frequency (Every 3rd, 5th and 7th day) and total 9 treatment combinations. Fertigation with 80 kg/ha of nitrogen level with every 3rd day frequency significantly enhanced the growth, flowering and fruiting characters like number of branches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of clusters per plant, number of fruits per truss, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, total marketable yield and total yield of tomato which was at par with 100 kg/ha of nitrogen level. This treatment also reported to significantly increase quality characters like TSS, ascorbic acid content and juice percentage, while maximum titrable acidity was recorded at 120 kg/ha of nitrogen level. N uptake by crop was significantly affected by different nitrogen levels and fertigation frequency. Maximum N uptake by tomato crop was observed where nitrogen was applied 80 kg/ha in drip irrigated tomato and in every 3rdfertigation frequency. The highest net returns (Rs. 2,11,382) with benefit cost ratio (2.49) for tomato crop were obtained at 80 kg/ha of nitrogen level with every 3rd day frequency followed by 100 kg/ha of nitrogen level (Rs. 2,06,513) with benefit cost ratio (2.43) in every 3rd day frequency.
Open Access
Effect of intercropping on growth and yield of brinjal and palak
(CCSHAU, 2017) Sangeet Kumar; Dhankhar, Surender Kumar
The present investigation entitled “Effect of intercropping on growth and yield of brinjal and palak” was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during autumn-winter season of 2016-17. The experimental treatments viz., T1-brinjal sole crop of 60 X 60 cm , T2-palak (sole) 20 X 5cm, T3-paired row brinjal sole crop 30/at spacing of 60 X 60 cm , T4-brinjal + palak (broadcasting) T5-brinjal + palak single row, T6-brinjal + palak two rows, T7-brinjal + palak three rows, T8-paired row brinjal + palak single row, T9-paired row brinjal + palak two rows, T10-paired row brinjal + palak three rows and T11-paired row brinjal + palak four rows were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Based on the research investigation it was found that the intercropping of palak with brinjal significantly decreased plant height (cm), number of fruits per plant, fruit characters, days to first picking and total fruit yield (q/ha) in brinjal and leaf length, petiole length, leaf width, stem length, days to harvesting and leaf yield (q/ha) in palak. Growth and yield attributes of sole brinjal (60 X 60 cm) and sole palak (20 X 5 cm) exceeded over rest of the treatments due to minimum competition. Brinjal + palak single row gave highest net returns (Rs. 222652) and B: C Ratio (3.76) due to low cost of production, followed by treatment paired row brinjal + palak (two rows) with Net returns (Rs. 218052) and B: C Ratio (3.52). Also Paired row brinjal + palak (two rows) intercropping system gave highest LER (1.84), ATER (1.46), maximum Gross returns (Rs. 304598), BEY (507.6 q/ha) and PEY (217.6 q/ha) followed by treatment Brinjal + palak single row with LER (1.76), ATER (1.43), Gross return (Rs. 303442), BEY(505.6n q/ha) and PEY(216.7 q/ha). It has been concluded that brinjal normal or paired row intercropped with palak single row could be more remunerative for earning maximum net returns than the brinjal sole crop.
Open Access
Effect of seed rate and row spacing on quality seed production of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2017) Pawan Kumar; Phor, S.K.
The experiment entitled Effect of seed rate and row spacing on quality seed production of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2016-17. The seed material used for the experiment was a released variety Hisar Sonali. The investigation comprising of five different seed rate (16, 18, 20, 22 and 24kg/ha) and three row spacing (20, 30 and 40cm) was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications with a plot size of 2.4 x 4.0m. Ten competitive plants are selected randomly from each plot to record data on various attributes, which were affected significantly with different seed rate and row spacing. Seed rate resulted significant improvement in all the growth, seed yield and seed quality parameters. The uppermost value for number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, test weight and germination percentage were recorded with seed rate of 16kg/ha. However, the plant height, biological yield, harvest index, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I and vigour index-II were recorded utmost at seed rate of 24kg/ha. Whereas, the highest seed yield per plot and per hectare were recorded with a seed rate of 20kg/ha. Different row spacing had a significant effect on growth, seed yield and seed quality parameters. The maximum value for plant height was recorded with row spacing of 20cm. The number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, seed yield per plot and per hectare, biological yield, harvest index, test weight, germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I and vigour index-II were recorded highest with a row spacing of 40cm. Interaction of various seed rates with different row spacing results remarkable variation for growth, seed yield and seed quality parameters. Significantly highest value were recorded for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, test weight and germination percentage with treatment combination S1R3, i.e. seed rate 16kg/ha and row spacing of 40cm. The treatment combination S5R3, i.e. seed rate 24kg/ha and row spacing of 40cm, was found to be best with respect to biological yield, harvest index, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I and vigour index-II. However, the maximum seed yield per plot and per hectare recorded with treatment combination S3R3, i.e. seed rate 20kg/ha and row spacing of 40cm.

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