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ThesisItem Open Access Problems and prospects of flower crops in India(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-12) Ritu; Bhatia, Jitender KumarThe present study was carried out with the objectives to analyze the trends and growth in area, production and production and productivity of flowers in India, to examine costs involved, returns attained, various marketing channels, value added products from flowers and to identify various constraints in flower cultivation, marketing and export of flower crops in Haryana. The study was based on primary as well as secondary data. The time-series data related to area, production, productivity, export and import of flowers in different zones of India as well as in different zones of Haryana was collected for years 2001-21; the growth rate and trends were computed. The study has been restricted to three crops only i.e. marigold, rose and gladiolus due to availability of reasonable number of flower growers. The study pertains to two districts Sonipat and Gurugram of Haryana. From the selected districts, one block of Sonipat (Rai) and one block of Gurugram (Pataudi) were selected based on highest number of flower cultivators. For marketing data, Delhi flower markets were selected. The outcome of study revealed an increasing trend in the area and production and productivity with CGRs values of 7.86, 8.43 and 3.65 per cent, respectively. Whereas, in Haryana, the trend in area, production of cut flowers and productivity indicated declining trend (-1.04%, -4.64% and -4.54%) over the study period while production of loose flowers illustrated increasing trend with CGRs value of 1.35 per cent. The trends in export indicated declining trend (-2.76%), while import illustrated increasing trend (12.02%). The results of direction of trade of export of flowers from India through Markov value chain resulted that USA was the most reliable country with high probability of retention (0.6217). Per acre total cost of cultivation in French and African marigold worked out was ₹ 65948.48 and ₹ 45495.37, respectively. The corresponding figures for rose were 132874.91for 1st year and ₹ 123884.7 for 2nd year and for gladiolus it was ₹ 318096.63 for 1st year and ₹ 82960.16 for 2nd year. Further, the net returns for French and African marigold were ₹ 177651.52 and ₹ 128504.63, respectively. The corresponding figures for rose were ₹164620.36 for 1st year and ₹ 404866.99 for 2nd year and for gladiolus were ₹170595.87 in 1st year and ₹ 405732.34 in 2nd year. It was found that channel-I was the most efficient among all the marketing channels in disposal of flowers. While considering marketing of value-added products then found that processor’s margin was highest and marketing efficiency was highest among shortest marketing channels for marketing of all floricultural products. Attack of insects-pests, high input prices were major cultivation problems, while transportation cost and high commission charges were major marketing constraints and lack of lack of exporting agencies, coordination among flower growers and exporters and lack of role of FPO’s dealing with flower crops were major export problems faced by farmers in the study area.