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Open Access
Performance of organically cultivated papaya under different irrigation levels and mulching methods
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-09) Baljeet Singh; Mukesh Kumar
An experiment was conducted at research field of Deendayal Upadhyay Centre of Excellence for Organic Farming, CCS HAU, Hisar during the year 2021-22 to study the effect of different irrigation levels and mulching methods on performance of organically cultivated papaya. The experiment comprised of twenty one treatments under the drip irrigation method with combination of three different irrigation levels viz. 50%, 75% and 100% of crop water requirement and seven mulching methods. The results showed that the plant height (240.73 cm), stem girth (46.03 cm), crown diameter (245.40 cm), number of flowers (65.67), number of fruits (42.67), yield per plant (54.30 kg) and total yield (135.75 t ha-1) were observed maximum for meeting 100% of crop water requirement with the application of 10 cm thick straw mulch in two-meter diameter around the plant and minimum for meeting 50% of crop water requirement without mulch condition. The soil moisture (20.18%) was found maximum for meeting 100% of crop water requirement with the application of plastic mulch in twometer diameter around the plant and minimum for meeting 50 % of crop water requirement without mulch condition. From the results, it is also observed that the irrigation water use efficiency (59.53 kg m-3) was found maximum for meeting 50 % of crop water requirement with 10 cm thick straw mulch in two-meter diameter around the plant and minimum (42.64 kg m-3) for meeting (42.64 kg m-3) 100% of crop water requirement without mulch under drip irrigation system.
Open Access
Response of onion with different irrigation frequency and lateral spacing under subsurface drip system
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Deokar Gopal Kathalu; Sanjay Kumar
An experiment was conducted to study soil water dynamics and yield response of onion crop with irrigation frequencies (one, two, three and four days) and lateral spacing (45cm and 60cm) under subsurface drip irrigation during the spring summer season 2020 and 2021 in 2m x 2m micro plots, built in the field area of Department of Soil and Water Engineering, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India. At the middle of 45cm and 60cm lateral spacing with daily irrigation, available moisture in the root zone (0-60cm) was 12.73cm and 12.33cm respectively, which was higher by 3.14% in 45cm lateral spacing than 60cm. Average highest (102.28 g) fresh weight of onion bulb and number of bulbs per m2 for grade A, B and C of onion of two seasons was recorded in I2L45 treatment. Highest bulb yield of onion under grade A (>5.0cm), B (4.0-5.0cm) and C (4.0-5.0cm) was recorded in I2L45 treatment, whereas its lowest value under the respective grades was obtained in I4L60 treatment. Under two days irrigation interval with 45cm lateral spacing (I2L45), the total bulb yield was obtained 9.98% higher than 60cm lateral spacing (I2L60) treatment during year 2020, whereas, it was 9.22% higher in year 2021. The highest (11.55 kg m-3 in 2020 and 10.09 kg m-3 in 2021) and lowest (9.99 kg m-3 in 2020 and 9 kg m-3 in 2021) irrigation water use efficiency was observed in I2L45 and I4L60 treatments, respectively. On the basis of soil water dynamics, superior quality and highest yield of onion in sandy loam soil, it is concluded that subsurface drip irrigation with two days irrigation interval with 45cm lateral spacing gives better performance as compared to one, three and four days irrigation in 45 as well as 60cm lateral spacing.
Open Access
Effect of wind speed and spacing on distribution uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-12) Raj Kumar; Ram Naresh
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of wind speed (0-4 km/h, 4-8 km/h and 8-12 km/h), direction (North-West and North-East) and spacing (6 m × 6 m, 6 m × 9 m and 9 m × 12 m) on uniformity distribution of sprinkler irrigation system at the field of the village Luhana located in Western Haryana., India. For spacing 6 m × 6 m and wind speed range 0-4 km/h, the maximum distribution uniformity was 86.33%. Similarly at ranges of wind speed 4-8 km/h and 9-12 km/h, the average distribution uniformity was 82.88% and 81.42% respectively. For spacing 6 m × 9 m was used, the average distribution uniformity was 75.42% at a range of wind speed 0-4 km/h. Similarly at ranges of wind speed 4- 8 km/h and 8-12 km/h, the average distribution uniformity was 75% and 74.16% respectively. For spacing 9 m × 12 m was used, the average distribution uniformity was 68.20% at a range of wind speed 0-4 km/h. Similarly at ranges of wind speed 4-8 km/h and 8-12 km/h, the average distribution uniformity were 66.17% and 66.60% respectively. It shows that the combination of spacing 6 m × 6 m and wind speed 0-4 km/h gives a higher distribution uniformity. From this it is evident that for maintaining distribution uniformity more than 75%, for wind speed 0-4 km/h sprinkler spacing should not be more than 6 m x 9 m and for wind speed 4-8 km/h sprinkler spacing should not be more than 6 m x 6 m while for wind speed range 8-12 km/h should be less than 6 m x 6 m.
Open Access
“Effect of drip irrigation frequency on onion yield and water productivity
(CCSHAU, 2019) Mehla, Mukesh Kumar; Jhorar, R.K.
This study was conducted to study the effect of lateral spacing (45 cm and 60 cm) and drip irrigation frequencies (One, Two, Three and Four days) on onion crop (Allium Cepa L.) during kharif season 2018 in micro plots (2 m x 2 m) constructed in lab area of Department of Soil and Water Engineering, COAE&T, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India. At 90 DAT, in one day irrigation interval with 45 cm lateral spacing, available moisture depth (11.6 cm) in the root zone (0-60 cm) at the middle of two lateral was observed higher (9.4 %) than with 60 cm lateral spacing where available moisture was 10.6 cm. Weight of bulbs per square meter in different grades was recorded highest in treatment four days irrigation frequency with 60 cm lateral spacing (0.665 kg/m2) for grade A (>5 cm), two days irrigation frequency with 45 cm lateral spacing (0.608 kg/m2) for grade B (4-5 cm), one day irrigation frequency with 45 cm lateral spacing (0.397 kg/m2) for grade C (3-4 cm) and in four days irrigation frequency with 60 cm lateral spacing (0.161 kg/m2) for grade D (<3 cm). Highest marketable yield was obtained in two days irrigation frequency with 45 cm lateral spacing (161.7 q/ha) and least in four days irrigation frequency with 60 cm lateral spacing (119.7 q/ha). Lowest unmarketable yield was observed in two days irrigation frequency with 45 cm lateral spacing (7.7 q/ha) and highest in four days irrigation frequency with 60 cm lateral spacing (16.1 q/ha).Total bulb yield was highest in two days irrigation frequency with 45 cm lateral spacing (169.4 q/ha) and lowest in four days irrigation frequency with 60 cm lateral spacing (135.8 q/ha). Water productivity was found highest in two days irrigation frequency with 45 cm lateral spacing (10.1 kg/m3) and lowest in four days irrigation frequency with 60 cm lateral spacing (8.1 kg/m3) treatment. For sandy loam soil, two days irrigation frequency with 45 cm lateral spacing treatment was observed the most preferable treatment under the given conditions.
Open Access
Effect of frequency and dose of nitrogen fertigation on chilli crop under drip irrigation
(CCSHAU, 2019) Makkar, Rahul; Jhorar, R.K.
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen fertigation frequency on chilli crop with different dose of nitrogen application under drip irrigation using good quality water. Experiment was carried out in micro plots (2m x 2m) constructed in lab area of Department of Soil and Water Engineering, COEA&T, CCSHAU, Hissar, Haryana, India. Two fertigation frequency, weekly (F1) and fortnightly (F2) with combination of three doses of nitrogen application (N1: 75% RDN, N2: 100% RDN and N3: 125% RDN) and surface irrigation (SF1 and SF2) with 100% RDN as control with three replication. The highest yield (12.24 t/ha) was obtained under weekly fertigation treatment with 125% RDN (F1N3), followed by 100% RDN (F1N2) having (11.56 t/ha) yield. Plant height (70.27 cm) in F1N3 treatment was recorded highest and lowest plant height (57.23 cm) was recorded in F2N1 among all the treatment. In weekly fertigation treatments, fruit weight, length and thickness were recorded 12.9, 11.5 and 14.4% higher, respectively, in F1N2 and 13.9, 14.6 and 16.5% higher, respectively, in F1N3, in comparison to F1N1 treatment. The highest WUE (5.56 kg/m3) was obtained under weekly fertigation with 125% RDN (F1N3) and minimum WUE (1.83 kg/m3) was observed in SF2 treatment. The highest NUE (192.78 kg of chilli/kg of Nitrogen) was obtained in F1N1 and minimum NUE (123.03 kg of chilli/kg of Nitrogen) was observed in SF2 treatment. From all the observation, it was concluded that treatment having fertigation level of 125% RDN (F1N3) at weekly interval (F1N3) gave best results among all the treatments imposed during the study.
Open Access
Delineation of potential sites for water harvesting structures through geospatial technologies in Nuh district of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2019) Athira C.R; Sidhpuria, M.S.
Water is an indispensable matter of life. Though the nature has been bestowing us with moderate amount of rainfall, the unscientific management of water resources leads to drought in most parts of the country. Hence efficient utilization and management of accessible water has to be performed. Construction of water harvesting structures at appropriate sites can diminish the water scarcity problem. Site suitability studies through geospatial technologies have gained higher attention in water resource planning and management in recent times. Thus, a study was conducted in Nuh district of Haryana to delineate the potential sites for water harvesting structures and place appropriate structure in each site using remote sensing and GIS. Physical features such as land use/land cover, slope, stream order, soil, lineament, geomorphology and ground water quality were mapped and analysed through weighted overlay analysis in GIS environment to obtain the potential sites for water harvesting. Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to assign the weightage values for different layers. The study revealed 1086 potential sites for water harvesting structures in the study area. The sites within 500 m radius were grouped together and chose the best 175 sites according to their geomorphologic characteristics. The sites were analysed on the basis of their physical features and suitable for each site was assigned. Majority of the sites were found suitable for farmpond with lining (129) followed by percolation tanks (26), check dams (10) and gully plugs (7), respectively. The groundtruth verification of randomly chosen sites supported the research findings. Thus the study manifested that the geospatial technologies area highly adaptable for sites suitability studies.
Open Access
Effect Drip Irrigation Frequency and Water Quality Tomato
(College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2000) Shimekaw, Addisu; Singh, Pratap
Open Access
Modelling approach for irrigation management in wheat under saline groundwater condition
(College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2000) Poonia, Sanjay; Singh, Rajinder
Open Access
Drainable surplus of a part of inland drainage basin
(College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Kumar, Krishan; Singh, Joginder

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