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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × Author: Vijay × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Geospatial approach for assessing potential water harvesting sites in Mahendragarh district of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Vijay; Sanjay Kumar
    Rainfall is an essential source of water in dry and semi-arid areas, which helps to alleviate water scarcity. Rainwater harvesting is considered as a critical technology for preserving rainwater. Water harvesting structures built at appropriate locations can assist to alleviate the problem of water scarcity. The best tool for locating a suitable site for a water harvesting structure in a catchment area is a Geographical Information System (GIS). By using remote sensing and GIS, a study was conducted for Mahendragarh district of Haryana to assess potential sites for water harvesting structures and suitable structure was identified at each site depending upon the surrounding conditions. Various thematic maps such as land use/land cover, geomorphology, slope, stream order, soil type, lineament and groundwater quality etc. were prepare using remote sensing and GIS techniques to derive suitable water harvesting sites. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assign the weightage values for different layers. One hundred thirty potential water harvesting sites were chosen in the study area according to best combination of different thematic maps and their weight allotted by AHP with criteria to select one site within a radius of 500 m so that each site may have sufficient catchment area as well as runoff water. Each site was further evaluated on the basis of their physical characteristics to select the suitable type of structure at that location. Among 130 water harvesting sites, farm ponds with lining, percolation tank, check dam and gully plug were found to be the most suitable structures at 61, 61, 6 and 2, respectively. Selected sites within the study area were further advocated by ground-truth verification at randomly selected sites. As a result, GIS and remote sensing can be fully endorsed as a scientific way to explore water harvesting structures, which makes the decision easier and more accurate.