Thumbnail Image

Theses

Browse

2020 - 20215
Reset filters
Subject: Soil Sciences × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Crop residue management options and effects on soil properties and crop productivity under rice - wheat cropping system
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Kavita; Dev Raj
    An experiment on residue management was conducted during Rabi, 2018 at Research Farm KVK, Panipat, CCS Haryana Agricultural University to study the effect of residue management options and fertilizer levels on soil properties and crop productivity under rice wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out in spilt plot design consisted 4 residue management practices (R1: Residue removal, R2: Residue Burning, R3: Residue Incorporation and R4: Residue Retention ,Direct seeding of wheat with happy seeder into rice stubbles) in main plot and with five fertilizers level (F1: Control, F2: 100% N + 50% RD of P&K, F3: 100% N + 75% RD of P&K and F4: 100% N+75% RD of P&K+ Waste decomposer and F5:100% of RDF) in sub-plot. N and P mineralisation were highest at 25 and 55 DAS, respectively, values decline thereafter for both during first year whereas during second year value again increase at 115 DAS. MBC and enzymes values were also reported higher at 55 DAS during both the years. Urease and alkaline phosphatase followed same trend as mineralisation during both the year, however MBC and dehydrogenase followed the different trend during 2019-20. Burning of rice residue decreased the MBC, dehydrogenase and urease activity, however alkaline phosphatase activity increased after burning. The available N.P and K content in soil after rice harvest varied from 115 to 129 and 113 to 134, 24.6 to 44.2 and 25.2 to 48.2 and 175 to 193 and 176 to 196 kg ha-1, respectively among different treatment combination during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Available nutrient status in soil followed the order retention> incorporation> burning> removal under residue management and 100% RDF>100% N+75% RD of P&K> 100% N + 75% RD of P&K> 100% N + 50% RD of P&K> control in case of fertilizer level except for the Fe (higher under control) during both years. Higher value of TOC (0.800 and 0.814 %) and SOC (0.680 and 0.694 %) was reported with the retention treatment while mean value of MBC (350 and 379 mg/kg) and DOC (418 and 540 mg/kg) recorded higher under incorporation during both the year. Organic carbon fraction followed the order: recalcitrant > less labile> very labile> labile during both years. Lower value of bulk density and higher value of water holding capacity recorded with R4 treatment. Germination index was reported higher under removal and lowest value recorded with retention during both the year. The highest grain and straw yield of wheat was recoded with removal and 100% RDF during 2018-19 and retention and 100% RDF during 2019-20. Grain and straw yield of rice grown after wheat in the same plot follows the order: incorporation>retention>burning>removal.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Salicylic acid on growth, yield, biomass partitioning and quality of Indian mustard under different nutrient sources
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-01) Rundla, Surgyan; Pawan Kumar
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of salicylic acid on growth, yield, biomass partitioning and quality of Indian mustard under different nutrient sources” was conducted on Agronomy farm at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi seasons (2018-19 and 2019-20). The treatments in mustard during Rabi seasons comprising of 20 treatment combinations having 4 levels of foliar spray of salicylic acid and 5 different nutrient sources was laid out in a split plot design with four replications. Results showed that salicylic acid applied as 200 ppm foliar spray at flower initiation and full bloom stage recorded the maximum values of growth parameters (plant height, dry matter accumulation, dry matter partitioning, number of branches, LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR and LAD), yield parameters (number of siliqua on main shoot, number of siliquae plant-1, length of main shoot, length of siliqua, number of seeds siliqua-1 and 1000 seed weight), yield (seed, stover and biological yield), physiological traits (Relative water content and chlorophyll content), soil nutrients availability, nutrients content and uptake, net returns (₹ ha-1 44431) and BC ratio (1.72) proved significantly superior over all other treatments. However, the treatment application of 200 ppm salicylic acid at flower initiation remained equally effective with regard to above parameters. Further, Results showed that application of treatment 1/3 each through FYM, vermicompost and biogas slurry proved significantly superior over all other treatments with respect to all growth parameters (Plant height, dry matter accumulation, dry matter partitioning, number of branches, LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR and NAR). The yield attributes (number of siliqua on main shoot, number of siliquae plant-1, length of main shoot, length of siliqua, number of seeds siliqua-1 and 1000-seed weight) and seed, stover and biological yields, physiological parameters (Relative water content and chlorophyll), quality parameters (protein, oil content and yield), soil nutrients availability, nutrients content and uptake, net returns (₹ ha-1 35747) and BC ratio (1.63) were significantly higher with application of 50% RDN through chemical fertilizers + 50% through FYM.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of salinity on soil properties and water productivity of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under drip irrigation
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Seema; Dahiya, Rita
    Field experiment was conducted at the Research farm of Soil Science Department, CCSHAU, Hisar in the Kharif season during the years 2019 and 2020. The brinjal variety Hisar Shyamal was transplanted in split plot design and the experiment consisted of two irrigation methods (drip and surface flood) and three saline water levels (canal, ECiw=2.5 and 5.0 dS/m) as main treatments and three N fertilizer levels (75, 100 and 125% RDN) as sub-main treatment. The results revealed that the soil physical properties (bulk density, MWHC and SWRC) did not significantly affected by the saline water. The SOC decreased with increased saline water levels and the highest values were observed at 125% RDN. Soil pH and ECe increased with the saline water up to ECiw=5.0 dS/m and lower values were observed under drip irrigation. The cationic and anionic composition of soil extract was observed highest in saline water of ECiw=5.0 dS/m under surface flood irrigation. Available N and P of soil decreased and available K increased significantly with the increasing water salinity up to ECiw=5.0 dS/m. Available P and K decreased with the N fertilizer application at 125% RDN. The total NPK content in plant was significantly higher under canal water followed by ECiw=2.5 dS/m and ECiw=5.0 dS/m, respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer applied through drip increased the total N by 33.8, 27.9 and 25.9% at 75, 100 and 125% RDN over the flood irrigation. The data on the plant height, number of branches, fruit height, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, dry matter and fruit yield decreased with the increasing water salinity. However, the values of these parameters were more under drip than the surface flood irrigation. Regarding brinjal fruit quality, a significant decrease was observed in protein and carotenoid content while, total phenol and ascorbic acid increased under increasing water salinity. However, all the quality parameter increased with nitrogen application but total phenol decreased with the highest nitrogen doses (upto 125% RDN). The physiological parameters were also significantly affected by the increased saline water and N fertilizer levels under both the irrigation methods. These physiological parameters were observed improved under drip irrigation. The effect of the nitrogen fertilization at 100% RDN on physiological parameters was found statistically at par with the 125% RDN. Drip irrigation increased the nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency by 29.3 and 141.5% (ECiw=2.5 dS/m) and 36.8% and 147.3% (ECiw=5.0 dS/m) over surface flood irrigation method. The Hydrus-2D model performed well for simulating soil water and salt dynamics in drip irrigation as compared to surface flood irrigation
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of heavy metals in roadside soils and field crops in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09) Santhosh Kumar, Manchala; SANGWAN, P. S
    This study was conducted to determine the distribution and concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cd, Cr and Ni) in roadside soils and crops along the three different traffic routes (National & State Highways; and local route of Hisar district) of Haryana. Soil (surface & sub-surface) and plant samples were collected from six locations for each traffic route at four different distances (10m, 50m, 100m and 500m) using Global Positioning System (GPS). The findings of this study showed that soils were coarse to moderately fine textured, neutral to alkaline in reaction, safe in electrical conductivity, low to medium in OC and non-calcareous to calcareous in nature. The DTPA- extractable Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cd, Cr and Ni contents amongst three traffic routes ranged from 0.30-2.01, 2.13-13.75, 0.25-2.61, 0.15-2.35, ND-1.08, 0.001-0.07, 0.06-0.45 and 0.08-0.98 mg kg-1, respectively and was in the order: Mn>Cu>Pb>Zn>Co>Ni>Cr>Cd. The total heavy metals in roadside soils ranged from 15.25-142.80, 58.35-539.63, 2.13-38.63, 12.25-95.25, 0.41-5.23, 2.08-36.63 and 6.82-71.75 mg kg-1, respectively and followed the order of Mn>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Cr>Co>Cd. The Maximum concentration of heavy metals was recorded in surface soils. The total heavy metals in plants ranged from 11.39-49.25, 18.40-140.75, 1.90-20.00, 4.50-29.50, ND-3.55, 0.28-2.65, 0.26-5.95 and 0.52-10.70 mg kg-1, respectively and showed the order of Mn> Zn >Pb> Cu > Ni > Cr > Co > Cd. Amongst the roadside soils and plants, highest mean values of heavy metals were recorded in National Highway followed by State Highway which decreased with increased distances. The Periodical changes in concentration of heavy metals showed that in general as the period of incubation increased, a gradual decrease in DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Pb, Co and Ni was noticed up to 60 days after incubation (DAI), while the DTPA-extractable Mn increased initially and thereafter consistent decrease was observed towards the later period of incubation. In case of DTPA-extractable Cr and Cd, these were not detectable in 20 to 60 DAI and whole period of incubation, respectively. The correlation analysis between road distances and heavy metals for each of the traffic route revealed a significant negative correlation which indicated that concentration of heavy metals in soil and plant decreased with increased road distances. Based on the study, it is concluded that all heavy metal contents in roadside soils were found within the permissible limits as per WHO, FAO and Indian standards while in case of roadside plants, Pb and Cd contents were found to above the permissible limits.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of different levels of phosphorus on availability of calcium and micronutrients in soils and uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) under wet and aerobic conditions
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Kodikarage Manoj Sunanda Kodikara; SANGWAN, P. S.
    This research was conducted to study the effect of different P levels on availability of calcium and micronutrients in soils and their uptake by rice under wet and aerobic conditions. Soil pH significantly decreased up to 80 and 60 DAPA in wet over aerobic water regime and P application reduced the soil pH significantly up to 100 DAPA in surface soil. EC significantly increased in wet over aerobic water regime. At surface, available N was significantly higher at 40 DAPA only in wet over aerobic water regime and no effect of P application on available nitrogen was observed. Phosphorus availability was significantly increased in surface soil under wet over aerobic water regime. Available P in subsurface remained unchanged. Wet regime had significantly high soil available K over aerobic regime with P having no effect. Extractable calcium in surface or subsurface soils was not affected by water regimes. Water regime or P application caused no changes in available Zn, Mn, Cu but they increased available Fe in surface soils. Water regimes failed to affect Saloid-P and it increased with increase in rate of P whereas Al-P fractions significantly increased. Aerobic regime and P application recorded significantly higher Fe-P but the same was true for wet regime for Ca-P. P fractions followed the sequence: Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Sa-P for both surface and subsurface soils. Wet regime showed significantly high plant height, numbers of effective tillers m-2, number of grains panicle-1, rice grain, straw and biological yield over aerobic regime but harvest index was high in aerobic regime while P application failed to affect plant height, numbers of effective tillers and 1000-grain weight. Nitrogen content in grain or straw was not significantly affected by water regimes while it was significantly affected by P application in grain only. Phosphorus content in grain and straw was significantly affected due to water regimes and P levels. Potassium content was significantly affected by water regimes but not with P levels. The content of Ca was significantly affected by P levels in grain only. Different water regimes and P levels exerted significant affect on uptake of N, P, K and Ca except concentration of Ca at P levels which was recorded to be non-significant. Levels of P application did not influence the micronutrient concentrations in grain or straw significantly except Fe in grain. While water regimes showed significant effect on Mn and Fe contents in both grain and straw while Zn content was affected significantly in straw.