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Subject: Soil Science × Author: Bhatia, Rishav × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Appraisal of ground water quality of Gurugram and Sohna blocks and its impact on soil properties
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Bhatia, Rishav; Parmod Kumar
    The study was carried out for quality appraisal of groundwater and to find out the impact of groundwater quality on soil properties. A total of 151 groundwater samples and 88 soil samples were collected from four depth each from two sites from each category of water using handheld GPS from Gurugram and Sohna blocks of Gurugram district. According to AICRP (1989) criteria of groundwater quality classification, out of 72 water samples collected from Gurugram block, 27.78, 37.50, 2.78, 26.38, 2.78 and 2.78 percent samples were categorized as good, marginally saline, saline, high SAR saline, marginally alkali and highly alkali categories, respectively whereas in Sohna block, out of 79 samples, 36.70, 31.65, 3.80, 18.99, 3.80 and 5.06 percent were good quality, marginally saline, saline, high SAR saline, marginally alkali and highly alkali categories, respectively. In Gurugram block, pH, EC, SAR and RSC were between 6.88 to 8.85, 0.69 to 8.95 (dS m-1), 1.41 to 25.26 (mmol l-1)1/2 and nil to 4.50 (meq L-1), respectively. Likewise in Sohna block, pH, EC, SAR and RSC were 7.12 to 8.54, 0.75 to 8.42 (dS m-1), 4.22 to 24.38 (mmol l-1)1/2 and nil to 4.30 (meq L-1), respectively. The cations were found to be in order of Na+> Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ while anions followed the order Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > NO3− > CO32− in both of the block. In Gurugram block, lowest saturation percentage was recorded in village Sehrawan (26.16) while highest saturation percentage was found in village Kherki Majra (39.48) and in Sohna block, smallest and highest value of saturation percentage was found in village Isaka (27.16) and Abhepur (39.40). The lowest EC of saturation extract was observed in village Sehrawan (0.76 dS m-1) of Gurugram block and Rahaka (0.89 dS m-1) of Sohna block. The highest EC of saturation extract was recorded in village Hamirpur (6.91 dS m-1) of Gurugram block and Alipur (9.77 dS m-1) of Sohna block. In Gurugram block, lowest pH was recorded in village Hamirpur (7.20) while highest pH (8.54) was found in village Garhi Harsaru and similarly in Sohna block, lowest and highest pH was observed in Village Kuliaka (7.22) and Darbaripur (8.58). The continuous use of extremely poor quality water resulted in highest accumulation (highest EC) in surface layers (0-15 cm) of soil. Salinity of soil is increasing with time due to addition of salts to soil by continuous use of salty groundwater for irrigation. In Gurugram block, 72.22 and in Sohna block, 63.29 percent groundwater samples were categorized as poor quality water. Spatial variability maps of EC, pH, RSC, SAR were prepared using Arc Map 9.3 indicated that most of the areas of Gurugram and Sohna blocks of Gurugram district were under poor quality water with maximum area under saline water in contrast to alkali water.