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20214
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Subject: Plant Physiology × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of wheat germplasm for photosynthetic pigments in response to fertilizer application grown under late sown condition
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) P. S. Kiran; Goyal, Vinod
    Present investigation was conducted on 228 wheat germplasm lines with unknown nutrient use efficiency obtained from CIMMYT, Mexico through Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, COA, Hisar for evaluation and photosynthetic characterization under late sown conditions and to find correlation between physiological traits with grain yield with two set of treatments viz. without fertilizer (-F) and with recommended dose of fertilizer (+F) (NPK at 100:40:30 kg ha-1). The experiment was conducted at the Research area of Wheat and Barley Section of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2020-21. Observations were taken at different stages of growth for physiological studies while yield characteristics were recorded at maturity. The plants were raised in field under fertilization and without fertilization condition under randomized block design. Under fertilized condition, all germplasm lines showed high vegetation index, Nitrogen balanced index (NBI), Chlorophyll index, Osmotic potential and Grain growth rate. Other than these parameters yield parameters like biomass, grain yield, no. of productive tillers, no. of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, spike length, 1000-grain weight also observed high under fertilized condition. Anthocyanins and flavonoids were found to be high in non-fertilized condition which indicated the presence of stress in the crop. It was found that the physiological parameters were positively correlated with fertilized application. The yield parameters and some physiological parameters showed positive correlation with fertilizer (+F) like NDVI, NBI, and GGR etc. while others were negatively correlated like anthocyanins, flavonoids, osmotic potential, canopy temperature (CT) etc. Germplasm lines 21, 44, 68, 159 and 206 performed better under -F condition while germplasm lines 11, 52, 140, 166 and 220 performed better under +F condition in terms of having higher NDVI, Nitrogen balanced index, chlorophyll index, grain growth rate, biomass, yield and its attributes. The study revealed that the impact of fertilization on crop growth is consistent irrespective of the germplasm. However, some germplasm behaved differentially owing to their inherent potential of nutrient use efficiency and the selected germplasm identified with higher physiological and nutrient use efficient traits may be utilized in conventional breeding programs to better exploit higher NUE efficiency traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological characterization of bread wheat genotypes for heat tolerance
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Bhupnesh; Anita Kumari
    The present study entitled “Physiological characterization of bread wheat genotypes for heat stress tolerance” was conducted on 15 wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications, under two sowing dates viz., 17th November and 24th December, at the research area of Wheat and Barley Section of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2020-21. Observations were recorded for seven physiological traits viz., Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), canopy temperature, above ground biomass, chlorophyll content index (SPAD), photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance; and 9 morphological and yield attributing characters viz., number of days to heading, number of days to anthesis, number of days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of spikelets per spike, spike length (cm), number productive of tillers per m2, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike (g), 1000 grain weight (g), biomass (g/m2), grain yield (g/m2) and HSI. In all the wheat genotypes, i.e. G1 to G15 observations were taken at different stages of growth for physiological studies, while yield characteristics were recorded at maturity. Genotypes G12, G13, G14 and G1 performed better under TS condition while genotypes G13 and G14 under LS condition in terms of having higher NDVI, Chlorophyll Content Index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, biomass, yield and its attributes. Highly significant correlation between grain yield and physiological traits was observed viz., photosynthetic rate, NDVI, Chlorophyll Content Index, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under TS and LS conditions, therefore, these traits can be considered as key component traits for enhancement of grain yield in wheat under heat stress conditions. Heat susceptibility index (HSI) was used to assess heat tolerance in the experimental material. The genotype G14, followed by G13 and G4 were found to be most tolerant to heat stress based on lower HIS respectively (0.74), (0.75) and (0.87) whereas G6 was recorded to be most susceptible based on highest HSI to heat stress under LS condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties during summer season
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Gayatri Kumari; Sarita Devi
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties during summer season” was evaluated in the screen house during the summer season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 5, 8 and 10 dS m-1) were maintained in all pots at its saturation percentage. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under controlled conditions on 26th February 2021. All the varieties survived well upto 8 dS m-1 and only one variety (HJ 541) maintained its growth upto 10 dS m-1 of salt stress. Sampling for growth parameters was made at 30, 60 DAS and at 50% flowering stage and physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated at the time of 50% flowering. Germination and growth studies declined with the augmentation of salt stress at all the stages. Highest dry weight (0.7, 7.1 and 9.1 g/plant) and leaf area (211.9, 270.5 and 278.5 cm2/plant) was estimated in HJ 541 respectively, at 30, 60 DAS and at the time of 50% flowering. Salinity susceptibility index (SSI %) was calculated less than one in HJ 541 at 30, 60 DAS and at 50% flowering stage. Similarly, plant water status, total chlorophyll content, and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend with the imposition of salt stress from control to 8 dS m-1 in all the varieties. At 8 dS m-1 of salt stress, less negative values of osmotic potential and higher RWC (%) was maintained by HJ 541 at 50% flowering stage. Percent decline in total chlorophyll content (26.5%), Fv/Fm (15%), TSS (18.2%) and assimilation rate (35.8%) was noticed in HJ 541 at 8 dS m-1. The genotypic mean values ranged from 6.5 - 8.0 mmole H2O m-2s-1 and 0.04 – 0.06 m mole H2O m-2s-1 respectively in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Reversibily, RSI (%) increased with every increment of salt stress at 50% flowering stage. Osmolyte accumulation and specific activity of antioxidative enzymes enhanced gradually at 5 dS m-1 and after that a sharp increase was noticed in all varieties at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress. Per cent increase was on higher side at 8 dS m-1 of salt level in HJ 541 at 50% flowering stage viz. proline (61.5%), glycine betaine (60.2%), and SOD (31.1%) CAT (69.4%), POX (34.2%) over their respective control. At 50% flowering, the fresh weight of HJ 541 was 4.5% higher over HJ 513 being at par with each other at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress. Based on the dry weight, physiological and biochemical parameters it was concluded that HJ 541 performed better upto 8 dS m-1, being the only variety that survived at 10 dS m-1 during summer season, hence it is a promising cultivar for salt tolerance.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties during summer season
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Gayatri Kumari; Sarita Devi
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties during summer season” was evaluated in the screen house during the summer season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 5, 8 and 10 dS m-1) were maintained in all pots at its saturation percentage. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under controlled conditions on 26th February 2021. All the varieties survived well upto 8 dS m-1 and only one variety (HJ 541) maintained its growth upto 10 dS m-1 of salt stress. Sampling for growth parameters was made at 30, 60 DAS and at 50% flowering stage and physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated at the time of 50% flowering. Germination and growth studies declined with the augmentation of salt stress at all the stages. Highest dry weight (0.7, 7.1 and 9.1 g/plant) and leaf area (211.9, 270.5 and 278.5 cm2/plant) was estimated in HJ 541 respectively, at 30, 60 DAS and at the time of 50% flowering. Salinity susceptibility index (SSI %) was calculated less than one in HJ 541 at 30, 60 DAS and at 50% flowering stage. Similarly, plant water status, total chlorophyll content, and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend with the imposition of salt stress from control to 8 dS m-1 in all the varieties. At 8 dS m-1 of salt stress, less negative values of osmotic potential and higher RWC (%) was maintained by HJ 541 at 50% flowering stage. Percent decline in total chlorophyll content (26.5%), Fv/Fm (15%), TSS (18.2%) and assimilation rate (35.8%) was noticed in HJ 541 at 8 dS m-1. The genotypic mean values ranged from 6.5 - 8.0 mmole H2O m-2s-1 and 0.04 – 0.06 m mole H2O m-2s-1 respectively in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Reversibily, RSI (%) increased with every increment of salt stress at 50% flowering stage. Osmolyte accumulation and specific activity of antioxidative enzymes enhanced gradually at 5 dS m-1 and after that a sharp increase was noticed in all varieties at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress. Per cent increase was on higher side at 8 dS m-1 of salt level in HJ 541 at 50% flowering stage viz. proline (61.5%), glycine betaine (60.2%), and SOD (31.1%) CAT (69.4%), POX (34.2%) over their respective control. At 50% flowering, the fresh weight of HJ 541 was 4.5% higher over HJ 513 being at par with each other at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress. Based on the dry weight, physiological and biochemical parameters it was concluded that HJ 541 performed better upto 8 dS m-1, being the only variety that survived at 10 dS m-1 during summer season, hence it is a promising cultivar for salt tolerance.