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ThesisItem Open Access Impact Of Sewage Sludge Application On Soil Microbiological Properties And Plant Growth(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2007) Walia, Meenu; Goyal, SnehThesisItem Open Access Utilization Of Spent Oyster Mushroom Substrate For Biogas Production And Enrichment Of Biogas Plant Slurry(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2007) Sonia Kumari; LeelaWatiThesisItem Open Access Production of fermented beverage from pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.](CCSHAU, 2007) Pawar Pravin Dnyanu; Leela WatiBeer has attained the universal statehood among all alcoholic beverages. Beer is produced by fermentation of wort containing residual reducing sugars with additional flavours. In most of the part of world, barley is universal substrate for beer production. With the increase in demand for limited quantity of barley malt available, the pearl millet grains were evaluated for brewing purpose. Four pearl millet varieties were screened for amylolytic enzyme activation during malting. The desirable acrospires ½ - ¾ of the length of grain germination was attained at 60 h of germination period. A steeping period of 10 h with 60 h of germination period resulted into highest alpha-amylase (95.22 DUN units), beta-amylase activity (177.78 μmole of glucose/g of green malt) and diastatic power (48 PMDU/ h dry weight of malt) in contrary malting loss was slight more than average. The standardized malting conditions were used to produce green malt, which was kilned at 45 OC for 24 h and subsequently at 55 OC for 8 h. The dried malt was rubbed to remove rootlets and shoot lets. Coarse-ground malt was mashed at 15 % conc. for a final brew. Among the wort samples prepared with differential grit combinations, the pearl wort had lower extract and reducing sugar than control barley wort. Fermentation of hopped wort with S. cerevisiae HAU-1 and S. uvarum NCDC-48 at a pitching rate of 0.3 and 0.5% (w/v) generated almost similar results of reducing sugar (% maltose w/v) and alcohol (% v/v) content. However, S. cerevisiae HAU-1 showed high ethanol tolerance during high gravity wort fermentation. Pearl millet (100%) beer had 3.5 % (v/v) alcohol content compared with control barley beer (3.6 %v/v). As intend the idea of bioacidification of wort and beer, fermentation was carried out with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC-15. For getting more alcohol content, the control pearl millet wort was adjusted for its brix content. From the sensory evaluation, it was observed that 8OBrix and L. acidophilus NCDC-15 cultured fermented beer showed satisfactory result as compared with commercial beer.ThesisItem Open Access Diazotropic bacteria from rice rhizosphere and their use as bioinoculants(CCSHAU, 2007) Eriyagama, A.M.K.Indra; Sharma, P.K.Rice is the world’s leading food crop and more consumed in the Asian region. Microorganisms play an important role in soil health and crop productivity by fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, secreting plant growth promoting substances and suppressing the plant pathogens. The present investigation was carried out to isolation and identification of efficient nitrogen fixing bacteria from the rice rhizosphere and evaluate efficient nitrogen fixing bacteria as rice inoculants. To meet the above objectives, following experiments were conducted. Eleven soil samples were collected from rice growing area of Haryana from 7 locations. Soil samples were analysed for chemical properties pH, EC, total N, available P, available K, organic C and microbial population. The pH of the soil varied from 7.1 to 7.6 and electrical conductivity was in the range of 0.14 to 0.99 dSm-1. The organic carbon vried from 0.15 to 0.60 per cent. Available P and K were varied from 7 to 12 and 72 to 312 mg kg-1 respectively. Microbial population estimated for total bacteria, Azotobacer and diazotrophic bacteria using nutrient agar, nitrogen free Jensen’s medium and malate medium. Total bacterial count was in the range of 7.6 to 8.5 log CFU g-1. Azotobacter count varied from 4.2 to 5.0 log CFU g-1. The diazotrophic bacterial count varied from 5.5 to 6.4 log CFU g-1. Seventy four isolations were made on nutrient agar and malate medium and 30 isolations were made on Jensen’s medium. All the isolates were tested for nitrogen fixation (ARA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) production. The highest ARA among the isolates from NA medium was shown by isolate IRN6 (78.7 n mole acetylene reduced h-1 tube-1). Among the isolates from Jensen medium isolate IRJ2 showed maximum ARA (16.0 n mole acetylene reduced h-1 tube-1). Eight isolates which showed higher ARA and IAA, higher ARA and lower IAA and higher IAA and lower ARA were selected for further studies. These isolates were IRN6, IRN10, IRN44, IRN45, IRN55, IRJ2, IRJ18 and IRJ27. Selected isolates were tested for rice seedling growth. Inoculation of selected isolates improved the rice seedling growth by increasing root, shoot length and root number over uninoculated control. Isolate IRN6 performed better than other isolates and its inoculation showed more number of roots and maximum increase in root and shoot length over the uninoculated control. A pot experiment was conducted to see the effect of inoculation of selected isolates on rice straw yield and grain yield at 75 and 100 per cent RDF. The root ARA was measured in 75 d old plant after transplanting. Inoculation with selected isolates increased the root ARA significantly and the noninoculated control with no fertilizer. Application of nitrogen had strong inhibitory effect on root ARA was observed. Significant increases in grain yield, strain yield and root dry weight were observed with inoculation of selected isolates, Mac 27 and Biomix over uninoculated control at 0 per cent RDF. Similarly significant increase were observed in grain yield, straw yield and root dry weight with inoculated selected isolates, Mac27 and Biomix at 75% RDF. At 100% RDF significant increases in grain yield over uninoculated control was observed in IRN6, IRN10, IRN44, Irn45, IRJ27 and Mac27. But it is significantly highest in IRN6. Straw yield was significantly increases observed in IRN6, IRN45, IRN55 and IRJ18. Highest significant increases observed in IRN6. Root dry weight was significantly increases observed in IRN6, IRN10, IRN44, IRN55, Mac27 and Biomix. Highest significant increases observed in Mac27. Rice straw, total nitrogen, soil total N and soil total P were improved the inoculation with selected isolates over uninoculated control. Soil microbial population increased the inoculation with selected isolates over uninoculated control.ThesisItem Open Access Diazotropic bacteria from rice rhizosphere and their use as bioinoculants(CCSHAU, 2007) Eriyagama, A.M.K.Indra; Sharma, P.K.Rice is the world’s leading food crop and more consumed in the Asian region. Microorganisms play an important role in soil health and crop productivity by fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, secreting plant growth promoting substances and suppressing the plant pathogens. The present investigation was carried out to isolation and identification of efficient nitrogen fixing bacteria from the rice rhizosphere and evaluate efficient nitrogen fixing bacteria as rice inoculants. To meet the above objectives, following experiments were conducted. Eleven soil samples were collected from rice growing area of Haryana from 7 locations. Soil samples were analysed for chemical properties pH, EC, total N, available P, available K, organic C and microbial population. The pH of the soil varied from 7.1 to 7.6 and electrical conductivity was in the range of 0.14 to 0.99 dSm-1. The organic carbon vried from 0.15 to 0.60 per cent. Available P and K were varied from 7 to 12 and 72 to 312 mg kg-1 respectively. Microbial population estimated for total bacteria, Azotobacer and diazotrophic bacteria using nutrient agar, nitrogen free Jensen’s medium and malate medium. Total bacterial count was in the range of 7.6 to 8.5 log CFU g-1. Azotobacter count varied from 4.2 to 5.0 log CFU g-1. The diazotrophic bacterial count varied from 5.5 to 6.4 log CFU g-1. Seventy four isolations were made on nutrient agar and malate medium and 30 isolations were made on Jensen’s medium. All the isolates were tested for nitrogen fixation (ARA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) production. The highest ARA among the isolates from NA medium was shown by isolate IRN6 (78.7 n mole acetylene reduced h-1 tube-1). Among the isolates from Jensen medium isolate IRJ2 showed maximum ARA (16.0 n mole acetylene reduced h-1 tube-1). Eight isolates which showed higher ARA and IAA, higher ARA and lower IAA and higher IAA and lower ARA were selected for further studies. These isolates were IRN6, IRN10, IRN44, IRN45, IRN55, IRJ2, IRJ18 and IRJ27. Selected isolates were tested for rice seedling growth. Inoculation of selected isolates improved the rice seedling growth by increasing root, shoot length and root number over uninoculated control. Isolate IRN6 performed better than other isolates and its inoculation showed more number of roots and maximum increase in root and shoot length over the uninoculated control. A pot experiment was conducted to see the effect of inoculation of selected isolates on rice straw yield and grain yield at 75 and 100 per cent RDF. The root ARA was measured in 75 d old plant after transplanting. Inoculation with selected isolates increased the root ARA significantly and the noninoculated control with no fertilizer. Application of nitrogen had strong inhibitory effect on root ARA was observed. Significant increases in grain yield, strain yield and root dry weight were observed with inoculation of selected isolates, Mac 27 and Biomix over uninoculated control at 0 per cent RDF. Similarly significant increase were observed in grain yield, straw yield and root dry weight with inoculated selected isolates, Mac27 and Biomix at 75% RDF. At 100% RDF significant increases in grain yield over uninoculated control was observed in IRN6, IRN10, IRN44, Irn45, IRJ27 and Mac27. But it is significantly highest in IRN6. Straw yield was significantly increases observed in IRN6, IRN45, IRN55 and IRJ18. Highest significant increases observed in IRN6. Root dry weight was significantly increases observed in IRN6, IRN10, IRN44, IRN55, Mac27 and Biomix. Highest significant increases observed in Mac27. Rice straw, total nitrogen, soil total N and soil total P were improved the inoculation with selected isolates over uninoculated control. Soil microbial population increased the inoculation with selected isolates over uninoculated control.