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Open Access
An intervention study on reproductive health and family life of rural women in Haryana state
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-04) Diksha; Singh, C.K.
Reproductive health is a crucial part of general health and a central feature of human development. It reflects health during childhood and crucial during adolescence adulthood, sets and stages for health beyond reproductive years for both women and men, and affects the health of the next generation young people‖ covering the age group of 10-24 years. Family planning (FP) is a solution to control population growth and stop today‘s unsustainable growth. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines family planning as allowing ‗people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies. It is achieved through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of infertility‘. This paper investigates the knowledge and attitude of reproductive health, family life, family planning and birth control in rural women of Haryana state. An intervention programme to improve the knowledge and attitude of reproductive health, family life, family planning and birth control of low performing rural women was imparted. The study was conducted in ten randomly selected villages of Hisar and Jind district of Haryana state. From selected villages 300 respondents in the age group of 18 to 25 years were selected randomly. Results revealed that respondents had moderate knowledge regarding reproductive health and family life and had favorable attitude towards family planning methods.
Open Access
Problems and adjustment of professional couples
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Saini, Arju; Siwach, Meena
Professional couples are those when a lady and her husband are in a profession, it signifies that both of them are employed and hold qualified positions. This practice has been growing in India over the past few years as well. It has become necessary for the couples to work at the same time due to rising inflation and an improved standard of living. Both partners have demanding careers, frequently face particular challenges, and need to make certain adjustments to maintain a healthy work-life balance and a harmonious relationship. The purpose of the study was to identify the marital problems and adjustment issues experienced by professional couples working in private and government institutions. The present study was conducted on a sample of 100 professional couples i.e., 10 couples from each institute. Thus, the total sample for the present study constituted of 100 male and 100 female professionals i.e., 100 couples. Five government and five private institutes were selected from Hisar district of Haryana state by random selection method. . From each institute 10 couples were selected randomly. self-made questionnaire used to identify socio-personal variables and marital issues in professional couples. The marital adjustment questionnaire developed by Kumar and Rohatgi (2018) was used to evaluate the adjustment of professional couples. The results reveal that couples working in private institutes commonly experience trust issues, and personal problems. And couples working in government institutes face issues related to incompatibility, communication problems, and feeling of inferiority. Approximately half of couples in the study reported a moderate level of problems, indicating that challenges are relatively common among couples regardless of their work environment. Regarding marital adjustment results revealed that couples working in government institutes generally have a higher level of adjustment couples compared to couples working in government institutes. This suggests that the work environment in government institutes may contribute to better overall marital adjustment for these couples.
Open Access
Well-being, stress levels and adopted coping mechanisms among women experiencing infertility
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Sangeeta; Siwach, Meena
Infertility is a serious psycho-social issue that affects a couple's mental, physical and social well-being and marital stability. For people and couples who are trying to get pregnant, infertility can be a difficult and emotionally taxing process. Feelings of despair, anger, shame, and even a sense of loss might result from being unable to conceive naturally or bring a pregnancy to term. It's critical to understand that infertility impacts both men and women and can significantly influence their mental and emotional health. In infertile couples‟ relationships, women express more distress than their male counterparts. In order to deal with the circumstances, to achieve emotional stability, and reclaim control over their life, women turn to a variety of coping mechanisms. Depending on the circumstances, infertile women choose different coping techniques. This present study aimed to contribute in an effort to better understand well-being of infertile women, stress of infertility and ways to cope with the situation. A total number of 100 infertile women between the age of 25 to 40 years comprised the sample. Well-being of infertile women was assessed using a self-designed questionnaire. Stress levels of infertile women was assessed using Depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) by Lovibond, S.H. and Lovibond, P.E. (1995), Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) by Newton (1999) was also used to assess fertility problem and Coping patterns of infertile was assessed using a self-designed questionnaire. Observed findings indicated that nearly half of women faced moderate levels of stress. More than half of infertile women used high planned-problem solving and moderate self-control coping mechanisms among all other coping mechanisms. Also, negative relationships between well-being and depression, anxiety, and stress indicated that higher levels of stress were associated with lower levels of well-being which means that women who had more stress indicated lower well-being. The present study has revealed that the factors influencing the well-being of infertile women included age, duration of marriage and duration of infertility. Moreover, stress in infertile women was affected by age at the time of marriage, duration of marriage and education. The study also suggested that personal variables can influence coping mechanisms in response to infertility.
Open Access
Development of personality assessment tool for juvenile delinquents
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Joshi, Renu; Chandrakala Singh
In the present study, Personality Assessment Tool (PAT) was developed and standardized to assess the personality traits of juvenile delinquents at the age group of 15 to 18 years which consisted of 72 items scored by using 5-point Likert scale. The Personality Assessment Tool (PAT) evaluates personality traits such as interpersonal skills, behavioural skills, emotional skills, and spiritual skills. The content validity, difficulty index and discrimination level of personality assessment tool was found to be excellent. The study was carried out in four observation homes in Haryana state (India) using the purposive sampling technique in order to standardize the tool. The sample consisted of 240 juvenile offenders including 180 male and 60 female from all districts of Haryana. Excellent results were found for the split-half and test-retest reliability coefficients. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was found non-significant at a 5 percent level of significance across age, gender, and locality, which indicate that this novel tool could be used for further research. The results revealed that the majority of respondents were found low in positive personality traits, whereas high in negative personality traits (aggressiveness, impulsivity, and anxiety). The regression analysis results showed that gender, father's occupation, annual family income, birth order, family type, mass media exposure, locality, parents education, education, and criminal history of the family, school dropout, peer influence, substance use, parent‘s interaction, and substance use in the family were significant predictors for causing variance in the interpersonal, behavioural, emotional, and spiritual skills of juvenile delinquents. Positive and significant correlation was observed in the socio-personal variables and interpersonal, behavioral, emotional, and spiritual skills of juvenile delinquents. It was found that locality, education, mass media exposure, father education, mother education, interest in further studies, locality, annual family income, father occupation, family type, sibling, criminal history of the family, school dropout, substance use, peer influence, substance use in the family and parents interaction were significantly associated with interpersonal, behavioural, emotional, and spiritual skills of juvenile delinquents. A significant difference was observed in the interpersonal skills, behavioural skills, emotional skills, and spiritual skills of juvenile delinquents across gender, number of sibling, interest in further studies, family type‘s, mass media exposure, education, parents education, parents occupation, annual family income, school dropout, substance use, and parent's interaction. It was imperative that juvenile delinquents should exposed to vocational training, yoga sessions, meditation, and spiritual healing, as well as cognitive behavior therapy, and counseling sessions in order to shape their personality in positive direction.
Open Access
Parenting stress among parents of normal and disabled children in Haryana state
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Pinki Rani; Chandra Kala Singh
The present study was conducted in Haryana state. Two districts were selected purposively from Haryana state. The location was selected purposively due to availability of sample. 400 parents (both mothers and fathers) were selected for the sample. 200 parents of normal children and 200 parents of disabled children were selected from both the locations. Two types of variables i.e. independent and dependent were taken. The independent variables included socio-economic variable, mental health, personality, self efficacy, parenting satisfaction and social support. Parenting stress was taken as dependent variable. Scheduled was developed and used to assess the socio-economic variable. Mental Health Scale developed by Jagadish and Srivastava (1983) was used to assess the mental health. Big Five Factors of Personality by John et al., 1991 was used to assess the personality. Self efficacy Scale by Sud et al., 1998 was used to measure the self efficacy. Kansas Parenting Satisfaction Scale by Schumm and Hall, 1985 was used to measure the parenting satisfaction. Family Supports scale (FSS) by Dunst et al., 1984 was used to assess the social support. Parenting Stress Index-short form (PSI-SF) developed by Abidin in 1995 was used to assess the parenting stress among parents of normal and disabled children. The present investigation has come out with the results stated that highly significant differences were observed between parents of normal and disabled children. Mothers had higher level of parenting stress as compared to fathers. Negative and significant correlation was observed between parenting stress with self efficacy, mental health, personality, social support and parenting satisfaction. Association of socio-personal factors with parenting stress elucidated that parenting stress was significantly associated with sibling status, age, education, occupation, caste, family size, and family income.
Open Access
Impact of perceived stress and self efficacy on happiness among female school teachers during COVID-19 pandemic
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Reema; Yadav, Poonam
Happiness is something which every human being quest for since a long time. Particularly at present, in this COVID pandemic, it has been the most important consideration for human being to stay safe, healthy and happy rather than being rich or famous. The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that differentiate happiness of teachers who work in government and private schools and factors impacting happiness of female school teachers. In addition, due to lack of research focused on happiness of teachers, the aim is also to contribute to the literature. The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. From selected Government and Private schools, 120 female school teachers were taken as subjects for the study. Selected tools were administered upon the teachers to collect the information as per specific objectives of the study. Frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation for comparison by using Z test and ANOVA, Chi Square test for association and coefficient of correlation for relationship between variables. Out of total sample nearly one-third (43.3%) of the school teachers reported moderate level of perceived stress followed by severe (32.5%) and low level (24.2%). Nearly (47.5%) of total respondents reported moderate self-efficacy score followed by high (26.7%) and low (25.8%). Statistical significant differences were observed in the mean scores of perceived stress and self-efficacy of government and private teachers. As a protective measure self- efficacy was significantly associated with happiness which means those respondents who were more self-efficacious were happier. On an alarming front nearly one third of teachers were in lower level of happiness. Statistically significant differences were not observed in mean scores of happiness among government and private teachers. Private teachers scored higher mean on happiness than government teachers. It was revealed that happiness among school teachers is significantly negatively correlated to perceived stress and positively as well as significantly correlated with self efficacy. Type of school and size of family were significantly associated with happiness of teachers. Further it was inferred that happiness of school teachers does not have significant difference with respect to their age, teaching cadre and experience. Private teachers were significantly higher on self efficacy, lower on perceived stress. This research is important for the happiness of the students and the contribution of happiness of the teachers.
Open Access
Twin Study on Empirical Intervention to Unravel Nature and Nurture of Intelligence
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09) Annu; Dhanda, Bimla
The aim of present twin study was to assess the influence of genetic and environment on intelligence of twins. A sample of 150 pairs of twins in the age groups of 3-6 years was attained from 55 villages of Bhiwani district and Hisar district of Haryana state. Intelligence of twins was assessed with help of Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale (Terman and Merrill, 1960), whereas home environment of twins was assessed by using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (Caldwell and Bradley, 1984) and preschool environment of twins assessed with the help of Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (Thelma et al. 2005). The findings on heritability estimates showed that the influence of genetic on intelligence of twins was more than the environment in both districts. The results of heritability estimates also revealed that the contribution of genetic on intelligence of twins was more in the age group 5-6 years followed by 4-5 years and 3-4 years. The significant associations of intelligence were found with the variables, namely, mother‘s education and occupation, father‘s education and occupation, family size, family income and caste of twins boosted the intelligence of twins. The preschool environment of twins was also significantly associated with intelligence of twins in both Bhiwani and Hisar district. The intervention programme was also enhanced the intelligence of twins from 3-6 years in both Bhiwani and Hisar district. The twin research clearly concluded as the influence of genetic on intelligence of twins was more as compared to environmental factors and impact of genetic increases with increase in age of twins. Home environment of twins was also influential factor for the development of intelligence in twins of both districts.
Open Access
Social Isolation and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-07) Priyanka; Sangwan, Sheela
Social isolation is a state of complete or near-complete lack of contact between an individual and society. It differs from loneliness, which reflects temporary and involuntary lack of contact with other humans in the world. Social isolation can be an issue for individuals of any age, though symptoms may differ by age group. Cognitive functioning refers to a person's ability to process thoughts. It is defined as "the ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving. Researchers like Cacioppo and Hawkley (2009) have highlighted the strong association between social isolation and cognitive functioning. This paper investigates the social isolation and cognitive functioning in later life. The effects of depression, anxiety and stress were explored. An intervention programme to improve the cognitive functioning of low performing elderly was imparted. The study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of Hisar, Rohtak and Karnal district of Haryana state. The results revealed that age, education and occupation, marital status and family type significantly influences the respondent’s performance. The socio-personal variables and supporting variables are the strong predictors which influence the social isolation and cognitive functioning of elderly. Depression was found to be significantly correlated with both social isolation and cognitive functioning of elderly. The findings suggest that the imparting the intervention programme may enhance the cognitive functioning in elderly.
Open Access
Stress and self-esteem among working women
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-01) Kavita Kumari; Dhanda, Bimla
The present study was undertaken in Hisar district of Haryana state. For rural area, two villages namely Tokas Patan and Gangwa were selected purposively as these villages were having Government School, Private School, Anganwadi and Public Health Center. To draw urban sample, Jat Collage, Fathe Chand Collage, Sapra Hospital, Government School, Private School were randomly selected as per demand of the study. A sample of 200 rural and 200 urban respondents of 25-above 35 years age were taken, thus making a total sample of 400 respondents. Perceived stress was measured by Perceived Stress Scale developed by Cohen et al. (1983). Self Esteem Scale by Rosenberg (1965) was used to measure self-esteem among working women. The findings revealed significant differences in perceived stress (Z=2.76*) and self-esteem (Z=0.98*) of rural and urban working women respectively. Negative but significant correlation existed between perceived stress and self –esteem of respondents. Further, a significant positive correlation was observed between perceived stress and social interaction anxiety of respondents and respondent‟s leisure time and health medical. Results further revealed significant association of perceived stress with area, age, family type, family size, occupation of respondents, and occupation of spouse. In case of self- esteem significant association between age, family type, family size, education of respondent, education of spouse and occupation of respondent. Further, results depict that family size, education of respondent, education of spouse, occupation of respondents and occupation of spouse significantly associated with social interaction anxiety. Health medical outcomes significantly associated with area, family type, family size, occupation of respondent, occupation of spouse and family income and leisure time significant association between area, family type, family size, occupation of respondent, occupation of spouse and mode of transport

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