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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of rootstock thickness on wedge grafting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under different growing conditions(CCSHAU, 2018) Ashok Kumar; Chahal, DevenderThe present investigation entitled “Effect of rootstock thickness on wedge grafting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under different growing conditions” was conducted during 2017 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, RDS Seed Farm CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment comprised of 18 treatments i.e. three rootstock thickness (<0.8cm, 0.8-1.2cm and >1.2cm) and six growing conditions (polyhouse with polycap, polyhouse without polycap, shade net with polycap, shade net without polycap, open field condition with polycap and open field condition without polycap) with three replication. The results revealed that scion grafted on rootstock with thickness of 0.8-1.2cm took minimum days for bud sprouting and number of days for first leaf opening. Success percentage of grafts was also recorded maximum with rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Shoot length and its diameter at 60, 90 and 120 days of grafting were registered maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Number of leaves and leaf area per plant were also observed maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Similarly, leaf chlorophyll content was observed maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. The maximum fresh and dry weight of shoot, fresh and dry weight of root were observed with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm. Most of the growth traits were observed significantly superior under polyhouse and shade net as comparison to open field condition. Grafts covered with polycap performed better than uncovered grafts under all the growing conditions. Days for graft sprouting and first leaf opening were recorded minimum under polyhouse with polycap. Maximum success percentage of grafts, shoot length and its diameter, number of leaves, leaf area per plant, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root were observed maximum under polyhouse with polycap, followed by shade net. Almost similar leaf chlorophyll contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll) were recorded under polyhouse and open field condition with and without polycap. Overall grafts with rootstock thickness 0.8-1.2 cm and grown under polyhouse with polycap performed comparatively better.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on seed production of potato cv. Kufri Khyati(CCSHAU, 2018) Kamboj, Ankush; Bora, LilaThe experiment entitled “Effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on seed production of potato cv. Kufri Khyati.” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Regional Research Station, Karnal during winter season of 2016-17. The experiment comprising of three plant spacing (60x15, 60x20 and 60x25 cm) and three nitrogen level (100, 125 and 150 N kg/ha) was laid out in a random block design with three replications keeping net plot size 3.6x3.6 m. Five competitive plants were selected randomly from each experimental treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different plant spacing and nitrogen levels. The per cent plant emergence, plant height, number of shoots per hill, number of tubers >25-50 g, >50- 75 g and >75 g grade, yield of tuber up to 25 g, >25-50 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, weight of foliage, yield of seed size tuber, dry matter content of foliage and tubers were statistically higher with nitrogen dose of 150 kg/ha. However, the value for number of tubers per plot up to 25 g grade and harvest index were maximum with nitrogen dose of 125 kg/ha. Different plant spacing exhibited significant difference growth and yield parameters. The maximum value for plant emergence, plant height, number of shoots per hill, weight of foliage, number of tubers up to 25 g, >25-50 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, yield of tubers up to 25 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, dry matter content of foliage and tubers, yield of seed size tubers were maximum with 60x20cm plant spacing. However, yield of tubers >25-50 g was found maximum with plant spacing 60x25 cm and harvest index found maximum with plant spacing 60x15 cm. Significantly highest value was registered for leaf area index, total number of tubers per plot, total number of tubers per hectare, total tuber yield and biological yield with nitrogen 150 kg/ha in combination with spacing of 60x20 cm. Effect of spacing and nitrogen level showed remarkable variation for growth and yield for all the parameters. Kufri Khyati produced highest total tuber yield (305.75 q/ha) when tubers were planted at a spacing 60x20 cm and nitrogen level 150 kg/ha which was followed by total tuber yield of 298.06 q/ha at plant spacing 60x25 cm and nitrogen level 150 kg/ha.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and flower yield of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Yadav, Ritu; Beniwal, B.S.The present study entitled “Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and flower yield of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)” cv. Prajwal was carried out during 2017-18 at Botanical Garden, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The investigation composed of two experiment viz., (i) Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and flower yield of tuberose (three organic manures i.e sand , FYM, vermicompost with different composition, inorganic manures and two biofertilizers i.e., Azotobacter,Pseudomonas sp. with eleven treatments and four replications) (ii) To evaluate plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for growth and flower yield of tuberose (four strains of Bacillus viz., SYB101, RCA3, RCA7, HCA61 and two strains of Pseudomonas viz., CP109, JMM16 and three growing media, i.e., sand, sand+FYM(2:1), sand+vermicompost(3:1) . With the possible combination of organic manures and biofertilizers. Maximum plant height, length of leaves, number of leaves, length of spike, length of rachis, stem diameter, number of florets per spike, number of florets opened per spike, ,spike weight,number of bulbs per clump, diameter of bulb, weight of bulb and minimum florets unopened per spike were observed with the application of sand + vermicompost (4:1) + biofertilizers (Azotobacter&Pseudomonas sp.) . Rhizobacteria and growing media significantly influenced the growth, flowering and bulb characters of tuberose. Among rhizobacteria Pseudomonas sp. CP109 and Bacillus sp. HCA61 significantly increased the growth characters and flower yield of tuberose and among growing media initially sand followed by sand + FYM (2:1) was found best. The result indicates in interaction of rhizobacteria and growing media, Bacillus sp. HCA61 and Pseudomonas sp. CP109 with sand followed by sand + FYM (2:1) were found potent in increasing growth and flower yield of tuberose.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on packaging material for guava during transportation(CCSHAU, 2018) Avesh; Surender SinghThe experiment comprising of nine packaging materials as treatments in different combinations was conducted in Post-harvest Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to find out the most suitable packaging material for guava and to study the effect of packaging material during transportation on shelf life of guava during rainy season of 2017. The data were recorded on physiological loss in weight, decay loss or spoilage, fruit firmness, change in colour, injury, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids to acid ratio, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugar, total sugars, pectin content and organoleptic rating. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis using Completely Randomized Design (factorial). The physiological loss in weight and decay loss was recorded minimum in sealed poly bags. The total soluble solids, total soluble solids to acid ratio, ascorbic acid content, total sugars, reducing sugars and organoleptic rating were registered maximum and injury and acidity minimum with guava fruits packed in corrugated fibreboard box lined with newspaper cuttings on 2nd day of storage, while the maximum non-reducing sugar and pectin content was registered on 2nd day of storage with guava fruits packed in wooden box lined with paddy straw and wooden box lined with newspaper lining, respectively. The results of the experiment indicate that corrugated fibreboard boxes had a significantly positive influence on most of the recorded parameters.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of pre-harvest application of ethephon and potassium sulphate on ripening and quality of winter season guava(CCSHAU, 2018) Bhat, Navya Vishweshwar; Baloda, SatpalThe investigation entitled “Effect of pre-harvest application of ethephon and potassium sulphate on ripening and quality of winter season guava” was carried out at esearch Orchard of Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2017-18. Twenty seven uniform trees of each varieties of guava i.e., Hisar Safeda, Hisar Surkha and Lucknow-49 were selected randomly and sprayed with ethephon (200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm) and potassium sulphate (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 %) in the last week of November. Maximum increase in yield parameters i.e. number of fruits per tree, fruit weight, volume, length and breadth and total yield per tree was recorded in the fruits harvested from the trees treated with potassium sulphate @ 2.5 per cent however, Lucknow-49 had maximum yield attributing characters compared to other cultivars. Pre-harvest application of different chemicals significantly influenced the quality parameters except seed numbers, weight of 100 seeds, seed weight per fruit and non-reducing sugar. Number of days for ripening and fruit firmness was recorded minimum under the spray of ethephon @ 800 ppm, however Hisar Surkha recorded minimum number of days for ripening and fruit firmness among all the three cultivars. Fruit colour was improved with the treatment of chemicals over the control. Maximum organoleptic rating, pulp weight per fruit, TSS, acidity, TSS: Acid ratio, ascorbic acid, total sugars, reducing sugars and pectin content was recorded under the treatment of potassium sulphate @ 2.5 per cent, however among the cultivars, Lucknow-49 found superior. Minimum Physiological loss in weight, spoilage and maximum marketable fruits was recorded under potassium sulphate @ 1 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access Propagation studies in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)(CCSHAU, 2018) Sushil Kumar; Malik, ArvindThe present study entitled “Propagation Studies in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)” was carried out with carnation cv. Gaudina during 2017-18 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Seven rooting media i.e. river sand (control), coco peat, vermicompost + cocopeat + river sand (1:1:1), vermicompost + cocopeat (1:1), vermicompost + river sand (1:1), cocopeat + river sand (1:1) and cocopeat + vermiculite + perlite (3:1:1) with three IBA concentrations (0, 100, 200 ppm) were evaluated. The experiment comprised of twenty one total treatments, each having three replications and was laid out in CRD (in nursery) and RBD (in field study). The study revealed that among the different rooting media studied, cocopeat + river sand (1:1) rooting media was found best for maximum survival percentage of carnation cuttings, rooting percentage, number of primary roots per cutting, root length, survival percentage of rooted cuttings in field, plant height, number of leaves per cutting at transplanting, height of rooted cuttings at the time of transplanting, number of floral buds per plant, number of flowers per plant, diameter of flower, stalk length of flowers, minimum days to initiation of first flower bud and minimum number of days to 50 percent flowering. Among the different IBA concentrations, carnation cuttings treated with 200 ppm IBA rooting hormone was found the most effective and significant for all the observations recorded. The interaction effect of different rooting media and IBA concentrations was also found significant and best results were obtained with cocopeat + river sand (1:1) rooting media with 200 ppm IBA concentration.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) genotypes for growth, yield and quality traits(CCSHAU, 2018) Sunil Kumar; Bora, LilaThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes for growth, yield and quality traits” with twenty-two genotypes along with one standard check was conducted at Regional Research Station, Karnal and Laboratory of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi season of 2016-2017. The observations were recorded on 21 qualitative and quantitative traits. The objective of present investigation was to determine the genetic variability, estimation of character association between yield and its component traits by correlation and path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effect on dependent variable. The analysis of variance exhibited significant genotypic differences, showing considerable amount of genetic variability among different genotypes. The moderate PCV (15.16), GCV (14.93) and high genetic advance (30.30%) and high heritability (97.04%), observed for yield of fruits per hectare (q) was showing further scope of selection. Genotypes PNR-7, H-86, NT-8, Castle Rock, DVRT-2, DVRT-6, DVRT-8 and Punjab Upma were found promising for both yield and quality traits while genotypes P.H.S, Punjab Kesari, Punjab Upma and DVRT-3 were most promising for quality traits only. Yield of fruits per hectare (q) showed highly significantly and positive genotypic correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to first picking, days to last picking, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, pericarp thickness, weight of marketable fruits per plant, yield of fruits per plant and fruit firmness. The path coefficients analysis revealed that total number of fruits per plant, days to last picking and weight of marketable fruits per plant are most promising traits which influences yield directly as well as indirectly. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that crosses between the members of cluster separated by high inter cluster distances, are expected to produce desirable transgressive segregants.ThesisItem Open Access Seed priming studies in annual chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Dahiya, Poonam; Sehrawat, S.K.Annual chrysanthemum is highly remunerative and short duration flower crop, which has problems like poor seed germination, low seed vigour and short storage life. An effort was made to study the effect of accelerated ageing and priming on seed quality during storage. Four different seed genotypes collected from Horticulture farm, Department of Horticulture were subjected to accelerated ageing and different priming treatments. The priming treatments composed of 0.1 and 1% KNO3, 2 and 4% CaCl2, 100, 200and300ppm GA3, control and hydration. The accelerated ageing was carried out at 40±1ºC for 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours. No germination was recorded when the seeds were accelerated aged at 40±1ºC for 48, 60 and 72 hours. All the seed genotypes showed decline in most of seed quality parameters when they were accelerated aged at 40±1ºC for 24 and 36 hours. Of the genotypes screened for seed quality in fresh and accelerated seeds during storage, genotype – 1 performed significantly better as compared to other genotypes. It was observed that priming with 0.5% KNO3 in fresh and accelerated aged seeds showed significant improvement in seed quality parameters. In case of storage duration (0, 2,4,6,8 and 10 months) also the seeds treated with 0.5% KNO3 exhibited better quality parameters. Priming treatments were more effective in improving the seed quality parameters in accelerated aged seeds and in case of storage duration also.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on pomegranate propagation through cuttings(CCSHAU, 2018) Saini, Poonam; Goyal, R.K.The experiment entitled Studies on pomegranate propagation through cuttings was conducted at the Centre for Quality Planting Material, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2017. There were three treatments, i.e. time of planting cuttings, IBA treatment and rooting media. The cuttings were planted in the ten different rooting media after treating with IBA (2000 ppm) and without IBA during February and March. All the treatments were effective in improving the shoot parameters, however, the cuttings planted in the month of February after giving IBA 2000 ppm treatment and planted in the media combination of cocopeat, perlite and vermicompost in ratio of 4:1:1 was found superior. The shoot parameters viz. number of sprouts per cutting, sprouted cutting percentage, sprouted cutting survival percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight significantly increased in cuttings planted in the month of February after giving IBA 2000 ppm treatment and planted in the media combination of cocopeat, perlite and vermicompost in ratio of 4:1:1. The number of days taken for sprouting and root to shoot ratio was found minimum in cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm and planted in the cocopeat, perlite and vermicompost media (4:1:1) in February month. The chlorophyll content was recorded maximum in leaves of pomegranate cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm and planted in cocopeat, perlite and vermicompost media (4:1:1) in February month. The cuttings planted in the month of February after treatment with IBA 2000 ppm and planted in cocopeat, perlite and vermicompost (4:1:1) had the maximum root parameters in terms of number of roots per cutting, fresh weight of roots per cutting, dry weight of roots per cutting, root diameter, root volume, length of the longest root and number of primary roots. Leaf nutrient content, viz. NPK was recorded maximum in leaves of pomegranate taken from cuttings planted in the month of February after treatment with IBA 2000 ppm and planted in cocopeat, perlite and vermicompost media in ratio 4:1:1.