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ThesisItem Open Access Impact assessment of information and communication technologies in rural Haryana(CCSHAU, 2011) Preeti Singh; Seema RaniThe study” Impact assessment of Information and Communication Technologies in rural Haryana” was conducted on a sample of 100 male and 100 female respondents drawn from four villages of Hisar district revealed that that cent per cent of male respondents’ family possessed television sets followed by mobile, newspaper, interne, telephone, magazine, radio and computer, respectively. Regarding possession of ICTs by female respondents’ family it was found that cent per cent possessed television sets, followed by mobile, newspaper, radio, telephone, internet, computer and magazine, respectively. overall access and control of ICTs by the respondents was concerned it was found that majority of male respondents had complete access in case of television (60.00%), mobile (65.00%), newspaper (42.00%), magazine (35.00%), telephone (40.00%), partial access in case of internet (45.00%) and no access in case of radio (42.00%), magazine (35.00%), telephone (50.00%), computer (50.00%), respectively.Majority of female respondents had complete access in case of television (55.00%), partial access in case of newspaper (43.00%), mobile (45.00%) and no access in case of radio (48.00%), magazine (65.00%), computer (60.00%) and internet (55.00%), respectively. Regarding control on use of ICTs it was found that majority of male respondents had complete control in case of television (78.00%), newspaper (50.00%), telephone (50.00%), mobile (40.00%), computer (50.00%) and internet (40.00%) whereas no control in case of radio (48.27%) and magazine (53.85%), respectively. Majority of female respondents had complete control in case of television (82.00%), newspaper (42.00%), computer (40.00%), internet (35.00%), no control in case of radio (51.93%), magazine (57.15%), telephone (50.00% and mobile (77.27%), respectively. Regarding information need seeking behaviour of respondents it was found that majority of respondents were seeking health and educational information for needs related with personal, social welfare and general awareness while entertainment, leisure activities and spiritual growth for social needs. Regarding agriculture it was found that need for seeking information as mainly for good harvest, farming and health of animal while entrepreneurial activities include financial management, profit making and income generation. Further majority of respondents seek political information for awareness of political activities. Regarding association of socio-economic variables of male and female respondents with access to ICTs there as significant association of age with access of radio, education, newspaper and mobile. Similarly there was significant association of occupation with access of telephone. Overall impact of ICTs shows that mobile, television and newspaper were the ICTs which had high impact on life of male respondents followed by telephone and computer/ internet which had moderate impact. Radio and magazine had low impact on life of male respondents. Overall impact of ICTs on female respondents revealed that television and mobile were the ICTs which had high impact on life of female respondents while newspaper, telephone and computer/internet which had moderate impact on life of female respondents. Radio and magazine which had low impact on life of female respondents. Association of independent and dependent variables shows that significant association of age, education and occupation was found with access to radio, newspaper, mobile and telephone, computer, internet and magazine, respectively. Significant association of age and education was found with control of computer, magazine mobile, internet, newspaper, magazine and television. Significant association of complete access with impact of television newspaper, magazine, mobile, computer and internet was found whereas complete control on use and selling and purchase of ICTs was significantly associated with television, mobile, internet newspaper and magazine while attributes associated with partial control on use and selling and purchase of ICTs were newspaper, magazine, television and mobile, respectively.Main constraints in use of ICTs were economic dependency, lack of decision making ability, lack of control on use of ICTs and lack of power supply.ThesisItem Open Access Capacity Building Of Rural Women Through Water Literacy(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2011) Mehta, Kusum.; Goel, RitaThesisItem Open Access Risk Perception and Capacity Building of Women in Diversified Agriculture for Entrepreneurship(CCSHAU, 2014) Ritu; Yadav, LaliThe study on, “Risk perception and capacity building of women in diversified agriculture for entrepreneurship” was conducted covering 200 randomly drawn respondents from four villages of purposively selected Hisar district of Haryana. Most respondents played active participation, showed information seeking behavior and consulting role in decision making for diversified agricultural activities. Most respondents perceived training needs for dairy at commercial level, taking measures for clean milk production, vermicomposting, food processing and purchase and sale of milch animals. Majority respondents perceived risk in terms of uncertain whether condition, inadequate knowledge and skill of innovative appropriate irrigation technology, rising price of agricultural inputs, problem of middleman and high and varying interest rate. Most respondents were willingly to undertake diversified entrepreneurial agricultural activities, were highly willing to change the existing pattern of farming diversification. Huge majority respondents were willing to pay to undertake specified training with rider to undertake diversified agricultural activities as an entrepreneurial. The perceived entrepreneurial attributes to undertake diversified agricultural activities were creativity, innovativeness, achievement motivation and rationality for dairy, ability to motivate others, self-confidence, skill competence and foresightedness for floriculture, creativity, environmental scanning, change proneness and goal setting skills for vermicomposting, communicability, environmental scanning, skill competence and goal setting skill for food processing, creativity, self-confidence, change proneness and rationality in thinking for medicinal and aromatic plants. Majority scored high on perceived attributes for all the technologies (serrated sickle, coat bag and capron) except sag cutter. Significant knowledge gain on all activities was observed. Significant association was observed for independent and dependent variables.ThesisItem Open Access Media Development and Its Impact on Production and Processing of Button Mushroom in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2015) Akanksha; Batra, AshaThe present study was conducted in Haryana state. One eighty male and sixty female comprising of total sample of 240 respondents from Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra and Jhajjar districts were selected randomly for assessing impact of mushroom growers and female respondents regarding mushroom production and processing. The results shows that growers have sufficient gain in knowledge and had most favourable attitude towards mushroom production whereas in case of mushroom processing female respondents have gain in knowledge but they had favourable attitude regarding processing. Constraints were measured in terms of personal, technical, financial, infrastructural, marketing and health. Weighted mean scores were calculated and ranks were given on the basis of WMS and result shows that both mushroom growers and female respondents assigned 1th and 6th rank to financial and infrastructural constraints. All the production messages and on the basis of weighted mean scores and ranks messages for processing were finally selected for media preparation. Standard procedures for development of media were followed. The effectiveness of printed manual was assessed through several parameters that accuracy, coverage, objectivity, writing style, content presentation, illustration and compatibility. Overall weighted mean scores were perceived to be high for all the messages. Effectiveness of Compact Disc (CD) was assessed through of audio quality, video quality, presentation of message, content importance, suitability and text was rated as high. The content validity ratio for all the attributes of CD and printed manual was found to be significant. Inter consistency reliability for CD and printed manual was found to be statistically significant at 5 per cent level of significance. Field applicability was also found to be high for all the messages. The impact of CD was found to be significant for gain in knowledge and change in attitude. The impact of CD on growers and on female respondents was of moderate level.ThesisItem Open Access Impact assessment of Mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee act in rural Haryana(CCSHAU, 2014) Dhaka, Sunita; Dahiya, ManjuThe Present study was conducted in Hisar, Sirsa and Bhiwani districts of Haryana state, purposively. Six villages were selected randomly from the Hisar, Sirsa and Bhiwani districts from each selected village, 50 respondents 25 male and 25 female and 5 village representatives were selected randomly, thus making total sample of 330. Socio–personal profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to lower middle age group, were illiterate, belonged to low caste, married, with medium family size from joint family, low family income, landless, agricultural labours and had low material possession. Communication profile revealed that, majority of the respondents had low mass media exposure, low extension contacts and less social participation. Village wise profile of the respondents in Bamla-II and Kaluana where respondents had medium family income between Rs. 5000-10000/-. In Mirzapur majority of the respondents had high material possession and in village Kaluana where majority of the respondents had medium material possession. Regarding communication profile in Sundawas and Bamla-II respondents had medium social participation and majority of the respondents had high mass media exposure in Kaluana village and medium mass media exposure in Mirzapur village. Both male and female respondents were less aware regarding the provision of “Creche facilities”, “Validity of job card for five years”, getting information about MGNREGA scheme from “Newspaper”, “Radio” and “TV” and provision of “Amount of unemployment allowances”. Regarding village wise awareness of MGNREGA scheme, majority of the respondents had high awareness in Mirzapur, Kaluana and Bamla-II whereas in Sundawas, Nirban and Kaluwas villages respondents had low awareness. Average income earned by majority of the males was Rs. 2579.82/- on “Land development” and female respondents Rs. 2527.17/- on “Rural connectivity to provide all weather access” respectively. As far as opinion about MGNREGA scheme, majority of the male and female respondents agreed on “Wages are less as compared to market rate” and an equal number of male and female respondents disagreed on “it is possible to create/ recreate those assets even without MGNREGA”. Gender wise extent of perceived impact of MGNREGA scheme, majority of the male respondents perceived high extent on “Increase in market wages”, “Reduction in mental tensions for earning money for the family”, “Increase in self confidence” and “Reduction in the migration of workers from the village for employment” whereas female respondents perceived high extent on “Increase in market wages”, “Reduction in the migration of workers from the village for employment”, “Reduction in domestic violence”, “Duration of unpaid family work declined” and both of the respondents perceived low extent on “Control over resources” and “Loan repayment.” Overall perceived impact of respondents regarding MGNREGA scheme, majority of the respondents reported increased impact on “Basic necessities of life” followed by “Migration back to villages”, “Repayment of loan” and “Food security.” Data on gender wise effect of implementation of MGNREGA revealed , majority of the male and female respondents earned more wages, reduced days of migration, started purchasing assets, getting more number of days of employment, higher number of children started going to school, increased savings and had started attending social ceremonies after joining MGNREGA scheme. Education, caste, family type, family income, land holding, material possession of male respondents were significantly associated with impact of MGNREGA. In female respondents education, caste, marital status, family type, family income, land holding, family occupation, and material possession were significantly associated with impact of MGNREGA scheme. Regarding relationship between education, family income, family occupation, material possession and communication variables of male respondents were significantly associated with awareness of MGNREGA scheme whereas in female respondents education, family income and material possession of were significantly associated with awareness of MGNREGA scheme. The findings of the study reported that relationship between education, family income and material possession of male respondents and family income, family occupation and material possession of female respondents were significantly associated with constraints in utilization of MGNREGA. Mean value of awareness, impact, and opinion was higher for village Mirzapur and Kaluana which was significantly higher than all other villages. Lowest score was obtained for Nirban village. Village representatives perceived “Most of the GP secretaries are not adequately qualified/ trained to understand the procedures and process to execute the MGNREGA works efficiently” as the major constraint.ThesisItem Open Access Media Development and Its Impact on Production and Processing of Button Mushroom in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2015) Akanksha; Batra, AshaThe present study was conducted in Haryana state. One eighty male and sixty female comprising of total sample of 240 respondents from Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra and Jhajjar districts were selected randomly for assessing impact of mushroom growers and female respondents regarding mushroom production and processing. The results shows that growers have sufficient gain in knowledge and had most favourable attitude towards mushroom production whereas in case of mushroom processing female respondents have gain in knowledge but they had favourable attitude regarding processing. Constraints were measured in terms of personal, technical, financial, infrastructural, marketing and health. Weighted mean scores were calculated and ranks were given on the basis of WMS and result shows that both mushroom growers and female respondents assigned 1th and 6th rank to financial and infrastructural constraints. All the production messages and on the basis of weighted mean scores and ranks messages for processing were finally selected for media preparation. Standard procedures for development of media were followed. The effectiveness of printed manual was assessed through several parameters that accuracy, coverage, objectivity, writing style, content presentation, illustration and compatibility. Overall weighted mean scores were perceived to be high for all the messages. Effectiveness of Compact Disc (CD) was assessed through of audio quality, video quality, presentation of message, content importance, suitability and text was rated as high. The content validity ratio for all the attributes of CD and printed manual was found to be significant. Inter consistency reliability for CD and printed manual was found to be statistically significant at 5 per cent level of significance. Field applicability was also found to be high for all the messages. The impact of CD was found to be significant for gain in knowledge and change in attitude. The impact of CD on growers and on female respondents was of moderate level.