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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × Start date: 2001 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 170
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic divergence, correlation and path coefficients studies in Tulsi (Ocimum spp.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06-09) Vijay Kumar C. Talawade; Krishan Kumar
    The present investigation comprising of 40 Tulsi (Ocimum spp.) genotypes received from ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi were grown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications in the Research Area of Medicinal, Aromatic and Potential Crops Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif 2022. The observations were recorded for 10 qualitative and 17 quantitative traits. The 40 Tulsi genotypes were characterized into different categories for each of the qualitative trait. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of sufficient amount of genetic variability for all the 17 quantitative traits studied. The GCV and PCV estimates were high for dry herbage yield (47.31% and 47.74%), seed yield (47.21% and 48.17%) and number of spikes per plant (47.18% and 47.35%), respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of spikes per plant, 1000 seed weight, fresh herbage yield, dry herbage yield and oil content. Seed yield per plant showed highly significant and positive correlation with number of spikes per plant (0.507** and 0.501**), 1000 seed weight (0.471** and 0.459**), number of flowers’ whorls per spike (0.455** and 0.396**), seedling length (0.291** and 0.264**) and fresh herbage yield per plant (0.262** and 0.257**) at both genotypic as well as phenotypic level, respectively. Path coefficients analysis revealed that the maximum positive direct effect was exhibited by seedling length (0.582) followed by 1000 seed weight (0.487), number of spikes per plant (0.371), number of primary branches per plant (0.292), fresh herbage yield per plant (0.292), seed vigour index-II (0.232) and number of flowers’ whorls per spike (0.209). The 40 Tulsi genotypes were grouped into 10 different clusters indicating the presence of genetic divergence among different genotypes. The maximum intra-cluster distance was recorded for cluster 7 and maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster 2 and cluster 10. Relative contribution of different traits towards genetic diversity revealed that 1000 seed weight (41.41%) contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by number of spikes per plant (17.31%), fresh herbage yield per plant (13.46%) and oil content (10.77%). Based on the maximum mean performance for seed yield, number of primary branches, fresh as well as dry herbage yield, oil content and seed vigour index-I & II, the genotypes EC 338772, EC 388890 and IC 326732 may be exploited in the breeding programmes to develop the improved cultivars of Tulsi for higher seed yield, oil content and other economically important traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Deepak Kumar; Sangwan, Omender
    The present investigation “Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)” was carried out at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in kharif 2019-2020 and 2020-21 with the objective of estimating diversity of 150 genotypes of desi cotton. Variation among genotypes was present for hypocotyl pigmentation, leaf colour, leaf shape, leaf hairiness, flower stigma, leaf nectaries, stem hairiness, boll weight, petiole pigmentation, flower petal colour, boll shape, prominence of tip, plant height, boll opening, seed index, ginning percentage, fibre length, fibre strength and fibre fineness. Analysis of variance revealed presence of variability for all the quantitative traits among the genotypes other than number of locules per boll and seed index. GCV and PCV were high for number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield, medium for plant height, number of monopods, single boll weight, gossypol content and these parameters were found low in days to first flower, seed index, GOT (%), oil content, fibre length, fibre strength), fibre uniformity, fibre maturity and fibre fineness. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for most of the traits viz. boll weight, plant height, number of monopods per plant, seed index, oil content, number of bolls per plant, fibre fineness, fibre strength and seed cotton yield per plant. This shows the dominance of additive gene action behind the traits hence direct selection will be effective for these traits. Correlation studies showed that seed cotton yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with all the traits except days to first flower, plant height and negatively correlated with biochemical and fibre quality traits. Thus, improving other traits, seed cotton yield per plant will also increase. Fibre quality traits like fibre length is significantly positive correlated with fibre strength but negative correlated with seed cotton yield thus suggests that quality and quantity cannot be improved simultaneously one has to be compromised. Whereas, improving fibre length and fibre strength at a time is possible as they are in positive relationship. Genetic diversity analysis was done using 100 SSR markers out of which 66 were found polymorphic with average number of alleles as 2.73 per locus. FFS15 and HD 328 or HD 551 and HD 544 showed 98% similarity index, which means they are the most similar genotypes and have similar genetic background whereas genotypes namely Vira 6 and BHO 5 VIII were the most dissimilar genotypes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular diversity and stability analysis for seed yield and its components in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Panchta, Ravish; Pahuja, S.K.
    Molecular diversity analysis was carried out to identify adaptable and stable genotypes of cluster bean for non-conventional season. A set of 25 cluster bean genotypes comprising released varieties and elite lines was evaluated under eight environments containing two locations Dry land research area Hisar and RRS Bawal. The experiment was conducted during summer and kharif seasons of years 2019 and 2020 in RBD with three replications. The sowing of summer crop was done during first week of March and kharif crop was sown between second fortnights of June to first week of July. In general, genotypes responded differently for various traits under different production systems. Morphological characterization of the genotypes was done based on eight qualitative characters. HG 6 was found shortest, early flowering and early maturing genotype. Seed yield per plot, number of cluster per plant and biological yield of HG 2-20 was found highest. Highest gum content was found in HG 3-52 while, HG75 was found least susceptible against bacterial leaf blight intensity. Clusters per plant, pods on main stem, pod length, branches per plant, biomass per plot, plant height, 100 seed weight and days to maturity towards seed yield while, ADF content, silica content and protein content towards BLB disease intensity were found to be important characters for cluster bean improvement. The G X E interaction was analyzed following two models i) Eberhart and Russell‘s (1966) and ii) AMMI (1997). The mean sum of squares due to genotype x environment interaction were significant for number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, pod length, number of branches per plant, harvest index, total clusters, protein content and seed yield per plot. Genotypes, RGC 1066 for seed yield per plot whereas, for gum content, HG 2-20, HG 870, HG 563, HG 365, HG 3-52, HG 6, HG 100, X-10, GG-1, RGC 1066, RGC 1033 were found suitable for all environments. Similarly, for low BLB intensity 17 genotypes were found suitable for all environments. According to AMMI biplot analysis, HG 100, RGC 1038, RGC 1066 and HG 870 for seed yield per plot; HG 870, HG 365, HG 100, X-10, GG-1, RGC 1066 and RGC 1033 for gum content and HG 870, HG 563, X-10, RGC 1055, RGC 1002 and RGS 3 were found stable with low BLB intensity were found suitable for general adaptation to all the environments. Markers used in the present investigation were moderately informative. Most of the important cultivated varieties were grouped into a cluster indicating important cultivars in cluster bean have a high level of genetic similarity and have a narrow genetic base.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genome wide association mapping for stem water soluble carbohydrates in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under terminal water stress
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11-26) Gaur, Arpit; Jindal, Yogesh
    Genomic assisted breeding is one way to improve drought stress tolerance in wheat. To uncover the genomic regions for grain yield, its attributing traits, water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and its components mainly fructans, a comprehensive multidisciplinary study was conducted with a diverse set of 302 bread wheat genotypes. All the genotypes were evaluated under complete irrigation, rainfed and complete water stressed condition for two consecutive crop seasons at three locations (Hisar, Karnal and Baramati). The study indicated significant effect of different water regimes and locations on the expression of traits and as much as 80% of yield reduction was reported under DT. Seven promising drought tolerant verities were identified on the basis of drought susceptibility index. In this study, correlation between yield and studied traits largely varied with environmental and water conditions. However, shorter plant height, longer grain filling duration, days to heading, thousand kernel weight (35-40 g) is the most favorable trait combination for obtaining high grain yield under studied conditions. Positive correlation of WSCs with grain yield was reported only for drought tolerant genotypes. High values of all the genetic components were reported for all the traits within environments, however in pooled over management these values ranged between low to moderate for most of the studied traits due to genotype x environment. Traits like plant height, peduncle length, spikelet per spike and thousand kernel weight were least influenced with genotype x environment interaction thus found suitable for selection of grain yield. Substantial genetic diversity was reported in the studied material which was attributed by each of the studied trait equally. With 35K Axiom array and applying compressed mixed linear model, 431 stable SNPs were identified for 20 studied traits in 1288986.92 cM genomic region of bread wheat. These SNPs explained ca. 30-53% of phenotypic variations. Of 431 stable SNPs 77 were showing pleiotropy for various traits. Five SNPs (AX-94583229, AX-94879209, AX-94759517, AX-94887053 and AX-94964616) for fructans and total non-structural carbohydrates, three (AX-94508292, AX-95257620 and AX-94456473) for days to heading and one (AX-94412521) for plant height were most significant. In functional analysis of significant SNPs, 249 genes were identified which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism and repair mechanism. Only few were reported with direct involvement in stress responses. In an in silco study 104 genes (TaFruc) transcribing into stable protein associated with fructans metabolism were identified. All of these were involved in either hydrolase or transferase activities of glycosyl groups of soluble sugars. These genes were found expressive under different stress conditions, mainly water stress. To facilitate the future breeding programs a total of 189 SSR molecular markers and 60 micro RNAs have been predicted successfully for TaFruc genes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Stability and combining ability analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06-26) Phan Thi Cam Nhung; Ram Avtar
    The present investigation entitled “Stability and combining ability analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” was carried out to identify the stable genotypes for seed yield and yield contributing traits, to investigate the combining ability of the parents and crosses and to evaluate the heterosis for seed yield and its attributes. The experimental material comprised of 90 genotypes including 72 hybrids developed from line x tester mating design by involving eight CMS lines and nine restorers with local check HFSH 848 was evaluated in four environments at Oilseed Research Area, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Spring 2018 Spring 2019 in timely and late conditions. The observations were recorded on following eleven characters: day to 50% flowering, day to maturity, plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), head diameter (cm), 100-seed weight (g), seed volume (g/100ml), seed yield per plant (g), hull content (%), oil content (%), protein content (%)in all environments. Based on the comparative studies of the Eberhart and Russell (1966) stability parameters, parents and crosses: CMS 103A, CMS 2A EC601879, EC601963, Morden (a)A, RHA 856 , CMS 103A x EC601879, CMS 300A x EC601879 were identified as promising genotypes because these exhibited high mean value, stable performance and average responsive to all environments and also stable performance for some particular characters. The lines and tester: CMS 103A, CMS 2A, CMS 44A, RHA 4-2, EC 601879, RHA 297 were found as good combiner for seed yield. The hybrids CMS 1A x EC601963, CMS 1A x EC601879, CMS 300A x RHA 4-2, CMS 300A x EC601879, CMS 44A x RHA 4-2 , CMSH 91A x RHA 4-2, CMSH 91A x EC601879 were found to highly significant positive heterosis over standard check for seed yield and yield contributing traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical characterization of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-09) Jolapuram Siva Krishna; Somveer
    The current investigation aimed to explore the “Morpho-physiological and biochemical characterization of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes”. A total of 77 upland cotton genotypes were examined in this experiment conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, with a focus on estimating genetic variability, genetic diversity and correlation analysis among various traits. Among the 18 qualitative traits investigated, notable variations were observed in leaf color, leaf hairiness, leaf shape, plant stem hairiness, flower petal color, flower stigma position, pollen color, boll shape, and boll surface. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in all studied traits among the progenies. The slightly higher value of PCV compared to GCV indicated that the traits were less influenced by environmental factors. Traits such as days to first flower, number of locules per boll, number of seeds per locule, ginning out turn, seed index, crude protein content, photosynthetic rate, sugar, phenol, oil, and seed cotton yield per plant exhibited moderate to low GCV and PCV values. Moreover, characters such as boll weight, plant height, number of seeds per locule, seed index, leaf area, chlorophyll (SPAD) value, crude protein, and seed cotton yield per plant displayed high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance percent mean. Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive relationship between seed cotton yield per plant and the number of bolls per plant, boll weight, number of locules per boll, ginning out turn, lint index, and other yield-contributing traits. Path-coefficient analysis highlighted the maximum positive direct effects of number of bolls per plant, boll weight, ginning out turn, photosynthetic rate, and sugar on seed cotton yield per plant. The genetic diversity analysis categorized the 77 upland cotton genotypes into three clusters. Cluster-I comprised the largest number of genotypes (36), followed by cluster II (30), which together accounted for nearly 90% of the genotypes. Cluster III, however, only consisted of 10% of the genotypes, exhibiting higher cluster mean values for several yield-contributing traits. Cluster II and cluster III demonstrated the maximum inter-cluster distance, followed by cluster I and cluster II, indicating greater genetic dissimilarity between genotypes of these clusters. Genotypes belonging to cluster I and II, characterized by a wider inter-cluster distance, hold potential for generating significant heterosis in breeding programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Population structure and genetic diversity studies for terminal heat stress tolerance in Indian mustard “[Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-02-03) Choudhary, Raju Ram; Ram Avtar
    Indian mustard is one of the most important oilseed crops and contributes more than 30% to the Indian vegetable oil pool. Heat stress is one of the major yield-limiting factors under changing climate conditions. Its impact is most severe at the reproductive stage, resulting in low seed yield. Therefore, assessment of genetic diversity, population structure, and molecular marker-traits associated with terminal heat stress tolerance in Indian mustard germplasm is necessary to accelerate the breeding effort. In the present study, a set of advanced breeding lines and genetic stocks representing 154 genotypes of Indian mustard were phenotyped for various morpho-physiological traits under control and terminal heat stress conditions. Besides, these genotypes were genotyped using 237 SSR markers. The results of the present study revealed significant effects of year, sowing date, and genotypes on various morpho-physiological traits under investigation. For the majority of the traits studied, high heritability and genetic advance were estimated. Trait association results revealed that seed yield/plant was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, main shoot length, number of siliquae on the main shoot, siliqua length, number of seeds/siliqua, 1000-seed weight, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content. DNA was isolated from all 154 genotypes by the standard method and subjected to SSR marker analysis. Out of total of 237 SSR markers, 111 were polymorphic. PIC values for all polymorphic SSR markers ranged from 0.013 to 0.627, with an average PIC value of 0.31. Unweighted Neighbor Joining-based dendrogram and population structure analysis divided the 154 genotypes into three clusters and two sub-populations, respectively. A total of 29 SSRs under timely sown and 33 SSRs under late sown environment were found to be associated with morphological and physiological traits by the MLM (Q + K) method. Chromosome B06 harbored the maximum number of SSRs (12), followed by chromosomes A08 (11) and A07 (five SSRs). Under terminal heat conditions, a total of 20 SSRs were specifically detected that were not associated under normal sown conditions. This meant that these particular genomic regions and QTLs were linked under extreme heat conditions. Overall, the heat-tolerant genotypes identified in this study and the SSR markers associated with terminal heat stress tolerance attributes will be helpful for the development of a heat-tolerant cultivar of Indian mustard through marker-assisted selection.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification and utilization of inter-specific diversity for wheat improvement
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01-27) Antim; Vikram Singh
    Improvement in quality traits through biofortification along with grain yield is the major focus of researchers in this critical time of changing climate. Next major objective is developing wheat varieties which can fight changing climatic factors such as heat and drought stress and can provide higher yield to feed continuously expending population. Availability of genetic variability for improving modern day varieties further is present in crop wild relatives and can be introgressed in modern day varieties by creating amphidiploid and synthetic hexaploid wheat (pre-breeding material). The present study was therefore, planned to study the quality traits, grain yield and its component traits and physiological traits in SHW and amphidiploid wheat lines and the whole study was divided into three experiments. Another aim of the study was validation of SSR markers, selected from previous studies, associated with quality traits like Fe, Zn and grain protein content. With this regard 100 amphidiploid wheat lines along with 4 standard checks were sown at research area of ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal in augmented design for two consecutive years. One of the objective of the investigation was finding QTLs linked with heat and drought stress in wheat genotypes through SNP genotyping and for phenotyping 36 wheat genotypes (including SHW and elite lines) were sown at research area of ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal and Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21. Nine thinopyrum accessions were also tested for heat and drought stress traits in the field under five differential sowing conditions for year 2019-20 and 2020-21. Significant genetic variability was observed for all the morphological and physiological traits. In experiment-1, highest Fe content was found to be 70.7ppm in amphidiploid of cross Ae. caudata/ Margarita36-15, highest Zn (48.17ppm) in cross Ae. mutica/ kundermiki39-1 and highest protein content (17.68%) in amphidiploid Ae. mutica/kundermiki14-8 was found. In experiment-2, based on grain yield performance under heat and drought stress conditions created by late sowing of lines in Rain-out-shelter (ROS) OS59, OS61 and OS55 were found to be best performer. Twenty-two stable SNPs located in the domain of genes were also found in this experiment. Marker trait association (MTA) between SNPs and phenotypic data revealed gene Iron-superoxide_distumase (associated with SNP AX-95249973) to play role in saving plants from oxidative stress under drought condition. Another gene P450, which expresses under drought stress to protect plant, was found to be associated with plant height under drought stress condition. In experiment-3 nine Thinopyrum accessions performed best under ROS facility (heat and drought stress) and EC531712 and EC787014 showed highest and stable performance in terms of grain yield/plot.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic diversity and population structure analysis using morphophysiological and SSR markers in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Pilania, Prerna; Lakshmi Chaudhary
    Hundred lentil genotypes along with three checks (WBL 77, Kota Masoor-2 and L-4717) were evaluated for morphophysiological and yield traits during rabi 2022-23 under two different environments (timely and late sown) to determine genetic variability, correlations, path coefficients, genetic divergence and population structure. Significant amount of variability was found for almost all the studied traits except leaf pubescence and pod anthocyanin colouration and the genotypes were categorized as per the DUS guidelines. High PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability was observed for number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant and total chlorophyll content in timely sown conditions whereas in late sown conditions high PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability was observed for 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant and total chlorophyll content suggesting that these characters are genetically controlled by additive gene action. The seed yield per plant was found positively correlated with days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant and harvest index in both the environments. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis grouped the genotypes into six distinct clusters in both the environments indicating a higher degree of variability in the material under study. Genotypes present in cluster IV and III were found best for yield in timely and late sown environment, respectively. Out of 50 SSR markers studied, 23 were found to be polymorphic and UPGMA cluster analysis based on SSR marker data grouped the lentil genotypes into six genetic clusters. On the basis of population structure analysis, four distinct populations along with some admixtures were obtained. Genotypes PL-105, PL-04, PL-02, DPL-58, LH 09-03, LH 09-07 and IPL 406 were found to be superior with high genetic diversity and hence can be used in lentil breeding programmes for further improvement. On the basis of heat susceptibility index values, genotypes DPL-58, LH 18-49, LH 09-15 and LH 18-07 exhibited high heat tolerance and maybe used as a potential donor while breeding varieties for terminal heat tolerance.