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ThesisItem Open Access Variation among Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh clonal plantations for growth and development for attack of insect-pests and diseases(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Rajat Swami; Beniwal, R.S.The present investigation entitled “Variation among Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh clonal plantations for growth and development for attack of insect-pests and diseases” was carried out at two sites, namely CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and Chhachhrauli block of Yamunanagar from June, 2021 to June, 2022. The growth and development of poplar for the observed period regarding height was seen maximum in WSL-110 (6.30 m) and GBH in WSL-83 (16.33 cm). The maximum susceptibility and incidence of leaf defoliator was seen in the clone WSL-83 with 40.97% leaf damage and 7.51 larvae/plant in 2nd fortnight of October at both the sites. The maximum incidence of stem borer was seen in the 1st fortnight of March in WSL-111 (3.08 holes/stem), whereas the maximum infection of leaf spot (60.94%) was seen in the clone WSL-110 during the 2nd fortnight of October at both the sites. The growth and development were maximum in clone WSL-110 and WSL-83, but for the incidence and susceptibility of the poplar to leaf defoliator, stem borer and leaf spot; the criteria identified viz. current annual increments in height and girth coupled with the occurrence of larvae/plant, holes/stem and leaf infection are the valuable parameters which may be given due importance for raising poplar successfully for plywood purposes.ThesisItem Open Access Response of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth performance of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) under nursery conditions(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Ankur; Kaushik, NareshThe 'Drumstick tree,' Moringa oleifera (Lam.), is one of the most important species in the Moringaceae family. The nutritional factors make Moringa an important tree to cultivate. To produce a healthy tree we need healthy seedlings, considering this a study was carried out to standardize appropriate Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) strategies for optimizing the growth of the seedlings in order to obtain the best quality seedlings. A nursery experiment was conducted by raising seedlings in polybags filled with soil and different combination of organic, chemical and bio fertilizer of varying doses. Total 16 different treatments were given to Moringa and the fertilizers used were Urea, DAP, MOP, FYM, Poultry manure and Azotobacter. The results revealed that the shoot and root length, collar diameter and number of leaves were increased by INM treatments. Among all treatments T12 (poultry manure + Azotobacter +125% of NPK) performed better for all the major morphological attributes (plant height, collar diameter, fresh weigh, vigor index, dry weight, chlorophyll concentration). T16 (control) performed better for germination percent (100%). The economics of the study showed that the treatment T8 had maximum B:C ratio (3.72) with a net return of (Rs.318.18).ThesisItem Open Access Performance of sorghum varieties and nutrient uptake under agri-silvi-horti system in semi-arid region(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Rao, Bhumika; Sushil KumariThe present investigation entitled “Performance of sorghum varieties and nutrient uptake under agri-silvi-horti system in semi-arid region” was carried out at the research farm of the Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the Kharif season of 2022-23 to study the effect of Eucalyptus tereticornis and Psidium guajava based agri- silvi-horti system spaced at 7 × 8 m on growth, yield attributes and of six wheat varieties of four sorghum varieties viz. CSV 32F, CSV 21F, HJ 513, and Duggi. During the study period, the growth parameters of eucalypts and guava plantation showed an increment in the mean height, GBH and crown spread. The mean height, GBH and crown spread of eucalypts after harvest of sorghum crop was 13.61 m, 69.39 cm, and 4.4 m, respectively, and for guava, it was 3.8 m, 21.35 cm, and 4.1 m, respectively after harvest of sorghum crop. A significant increase in soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and DTPA extractable micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) was observed at all soil depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) under agri-silvi-horti system than in control. The various growth, quality and yield attributing parameters of different sorghum varieties under study were observed significantly higher in sole sorghum crop (devoid of trees) than under the eucalypts-guava based agri-silvi-horti system. Maximum reduction in fresh fodder yield was observed under Duggi (45.15 %) followed by HJ 513 (39.06 %), CSV 32F (37.41%), and CSV 21F (37.25%). Under agri-silvi-horti system, variety Duggi was shown to be highly susceptible to shade and exhibited lesser yield and other growth attributing traits. All Quality parameters TSS, crude fiber, crude protein, and HCN were found higher under agri-silvi-horti system as compared to control (except TSS). Eucalyptus tereticornis and Psidium guajava based agri- silvi-horti system significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon and potentially mineralizable nitrogen by 34 % and 76 % respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of organic fertilizers on various wheat varieties under Casuarina (Casuarina junghuhniana) based agroforestry system(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07-12) Shivam; Arya, SandeepThe present investigation entitled “Effect of organic fertilizers on various wheat varieties under a casuarina (Casuarina junghuhniana) based agroforestry system” was conducted at the Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the Rabi season of 2022- 23 to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers under Casuarina plantation planted at spacings of 5 × 3 m on growth, physiology and yield attributes of wheat crop. During the research period, the casuarina tree’s growth parameters increased by 0.4 m in height, 1.85 cm in girth and 0.2 m in crown spread. With varied levels of organic fertilizers, a significantly higher rise in soil organic carbon, available N, P, K and DTPA extractable micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) was observed under casuarina based agroforestry system than in control (devoid of trees). At all the soil depths, the moisture content was discovered to be lower under casuarina based agroforestry system than in the control. The reduction in light available to understory crops ranged from 54.5 to 59.3%. The temperature was marginally lower in the casuarina plantation than in the control, but the relative humidity was higher during the crop growth period. Except for relative stress injury (%), nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll index (CHI) and canopy temperature depression (CTD, °C), the various growth, physiological and yieldattributing parameters of different wheat varieties under study were significantly higher in sole wheat crop than under casuarina based agroforestry system. Wheat variety WH 1270 had the highest test weight, dry matter accumulation (g/mrl), grain yield (t/ha) and harvest index (%) under casuarina based agroforestry system. Whereas wheat variety WH 1142 exhibited the greatest percentage reduction in grain yield (35.31%) over control followed by WH 1270 (34.7%), WH 1124 (34.49%) and WH 1184 (34.02%).Variety WH 1142 was shown to be particularly vulnerable to shade and to have inferior growth, yield-contributing characteristics and yield (as the biological yield was lowered by 33.6% and grain production was reduced by 35.31%) under casuarina based agroforestry system. Wheat varieties showed the greatest response to treatment T1 (RDN), which can be seen in the comparative results of nitrogen balance index, chlorophyll index, yield and yield attributes of wheat crop with treatment T1 (150 kg/ha RDN through inorganic fertilizers).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.) spacing on performance of raya varieties(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) Shivani; Dalal, VirenderThe present study entitled "Effect of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.) spacing on performance of raya varieties" was conducted in the Department of Forestry during the year 2022-23. The performance of four raya varieties (CS 54, CS 56, CS 58, CS 60 grown as sole crop and sown in different spacing of eucalypts based agroforestry were noted to ascertain the effect of environment on growth, yield attributes yield and oil content. Various growth, physiological, phenological, and yield attributing characteristics of different raya varieties were observed significantly higher in sole raya crop (devoid of tree) than eucalypts plantation except for days to seedling emergence, 50% flowering and maturity. Among the various varieties, CS 58 was recorded as the best performing variety in all the spacing revealing its high potential in both sole and agroforestry but in 9 × 3m spacing variety CS 60 is superior. Mean yield reduction over control in different spacings was 22 %, 52 %, 59 %, 74% in 9 × 3, 8 × 3, 7 × 3 ,6 ×3 respectively. The maximum (2.72) B : C ratio was also recorded in eucalypts based agroforestry with raya variety CS 60 system under 9 × 3 m spacing.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different pruning intensities on growth and yield of mustard varieties under neem (Azadirachta indica) based agroforestry system(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-08) Rakesh Kumar; S.K. DhandaThe present investigation entitled “Effect of different pruning intensities on growth and yield of mustard varieties under Neem (Azadirachta indica) based agroforestry system” was carried out at the experimental field of the department of forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar from October 2021 to April 2022. The performance of three mustard varieties (RH 30, RH 749 and RH 725) grown as sole cropping and intercropping with different pruning intensities of neem (Azadirachta indica) were noted to ascertain the effect of environment on growth, yield attributes, yield and oil content. Various growth, biochemical and yield attributing characteristics of different mustard varieties were observed significantly higher in sole mustard crop (devoid of tree) than under neem plantation except for days to 50% flowering and maturity. Among the various varieties, RH 725 was recorded as the best performing variety in all the treatments revealing its high potential in both sole cropping and agroforestry. Mean yield reduction over control in different environment was 38.54 %, 57.48 %, 66.95% and 76.12 % in 75 %, 50%, 25% pruning intensity and no pruning respectively. The B:C ratio under sole cropping was 1.70, 2.06 and 2.19 for variety RH 30, RH 749 and RH 749 respectively while it was 1.12, 1.22 and 1.32 for 75% pruning intensity of neem. In 50%, 25% pruning and no pruning B:C ratio comes less than 1.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination and seedling performance of Malabar Neem (Melia dubia Cav.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Ajay; Arya, SandeepThe present investigation entitled “Effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination and seedling performance of Malabar Neem (Melia dubia Cav.)” was conducted at Seed Science and Technology department and Nursery of forestry department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019-20. The experiment was carried out to study the effect of pre-sowing treatment on seed germination and growth performance of Melia dubia in various growing media. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with four replications at laboratory and three replications at nursery, respectively. Based on the research investigation, it was found that pre-sowing treatment and growing media had significantly influenced the germination and growth performance of Melia dubia. Among pre-sowing treatment on fruit showed maximum germination per cent (32.46%), viability (45.71%) and growth performance such as shoot length (15.52 cm), root length (6.78 cm), seedling dry weight (0.623 g) in cow dung for seven days which was significantly higher in all pre-treatments and on seeds maximum germination per cent (29.18%), viability (41.68%) and growth parameters was recoded in GA3 @ 100 ppm for 24 hours which was statistically at par with GA3 @ 200 ppm for 24 hours in shoot length, root length and seedling dry weight. In experiment 2, the seed treatment with different growing media, showed maximum seedling growth performance in cow dung treated fruits with sowing in cocopeat: vermiculite: vermicompost (3:1:1) that was statistically at par with cocopeat: perlite: vermiculite (3:1:1). Whereas, control (without treatment) in kernels, conc. H2SO4 for 5 minutes on fruits and sandy soil as a control in growing media showed minimum germination and growth performance.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth performance of Melia azedarach in nursery(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-01) Gulab; Verma, R. C.The present study was carried out to evaluate the “Effect of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth performance of Melia azedarach in nursery”. The experiment was conducted in the Nursery of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019. In this experiment three different strains (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Glomus fasciculatum) of arbscular mycorrhizal fungi were used for inoculation of Melia azedarach drupes and these strains were used in 7 different combination such as Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae + Glomus intraradices, Glomus fasciculatum + Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices + Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus mosseae + Glomus intraradices + Glomus fasciculatum. Among all the treatments the drupe treated with Glomus mosseae + Glomus intradices + Glomus fasciculatum was recorded to best with maximum germination percentage, growth characters (root length, shoot length, root: shoot ratio, fresh and dry weight, collar diameter and leaf area) and physiological parameters (chlorophyll and carotenoid content, photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance). In addition, sugar and phenol content along with nutrient contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn) in soil and uptake in plants were recorded maximum in Glomus mosseae + Glomus intraradices + Glomus fasciculatum treatment. Mycorrhizal observations (root colonization percenatge and number of sporocarp) were also exhibited the similar trend as that of sugar and phenol content.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on phenotypic variation and progeny evaluation of Moringa oleifera (Lam.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Redhu, Ishu; Kaushik, NareshThe current study was carried out at CCSHAU College of Agriculture, Bawal, during 2020-21 to study the phenotypic variation and progeny performance in Moringa oleifera. The experiment was conducted after following Complete Randomized Block design (CRD) with three replications. The observations were recorded for phenotypic variation i.e. Plant height (m), diameter at breast height (DBH) (cm), crown spread (m2), length of pod (cm), pod diameter (mm), pod weight (g), number of seeds per pod, 100 Seed weight (g), and other biochemical characters viz., moisture content (%), fat (%), crude protein content (%), crude fibre content (%), ash content (%), total sugar content (g/ 100g) in twenty-four genotypes collected from the states of Haryana and Rajasthan. The progeny performance of these genotypes was assessed in terms of germination percent (%), collar diameter (cm), number of leaves, shoot length (cm), root length (cm), total plant height (cm), Shoot Vigour Index (SVI), Root Vigour Index (RVI), fresh weight of seedlings (g), dry weight of seedlings (g). The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV respectively), and heritability were also studied. Wide range of variability was observed in tree growth, Genotypes collected from Haryana state i.e. G-9 yields maximum plant height whereas G-3 outperformed in diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown spread. For pod parameters, G-11 found to be superior whereas P-15 and P-22 were superior at nursery stage. Similarly higher significant results were observed for moisture content, fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content (%), total sugar content (g/ 100g) in genotypes G-21, G-20, G-5, G-22, G-12 and G-11 respectively. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were discovered for trends in crown spread, diameter at breast height (DBH), and pod weight, number of leaves, Shoot Vigour Index (SVI), shoot length, plant height, ash content and 100 seed weight. Excessive heritability as a percentage of mean was observed for crown spread, 100 seed weight, crude fiber, shoot length, plant height, and diameter at breast height (DBH), number of leaves, fat content, and crude protein.
