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20222
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Subject: Forestry × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of wheat varieties under different spacings of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh)
    (CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Yadav, Sneh; K.S. Ahlawat
    The present investigation entitled “Performance of wheat varieties under different spacings of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh)” was carried out at research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in an already established poplar plantation (Feb., 2017) at six different spacing viz., 3×3 m,4×3 m,5×3 m,6×3 m,7×3 m and 8×3 m. In the interspaces of above spacing and control (devoid of tree), five wheat varieties viz. WH 1184, HD 3226, HD 3086, DBW 88 and PBW 725 were grown in three replications during Rabi season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The effect of different spacings of poplar on growth, physiology, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of various wheat varieties were studied. The maximum GBH (73.63 cm), crown spread (6.59 m) in poplar was recorded in 8×3 m but maximum plant height (17.49 m) was observed in 3×3 m spacing. The various growth, physiological and yield attributing parameters of different wheat varieties were observed significantly higher in sole wheat varieties than under different spacing of poplar except chlorophyll content, relative water content, relative stress injury, canopy temperature depression which were observed maximum under 3x3 m spacing of poplar. Maximum average reduction in the grain yield (45.54 and 49.73 %) over control was recorded under 3x3 m spacing followed by 4x3 m (36.65 and 40.88 %), 5x3 m (31.90 and 35.74 %), 6x3 m (27.53 and 30.74 %), 7x3 m (21.98 and 24.78 %) and minimum in 8x3 m (18.39 and 20.49 %) during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. Among different wheat varieties, maximum percent reduction of 47.83 and 51.84 in grain yield was recorded in wheat variety DBW 88 under 3x3 m spacing of poplar and minimum (15.79 and 17.95) in WH 1184 under 8x3 m spacing during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively over control. Maximum gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio were recorded in Poplar + WH 1184 based cropping system under 5×3 m spacing indicating that 5x3 m spacing of poplar intercropped with wheat variety WH 1184 is more economically. Soil pH and EC decreased significantly higher under poplar plantation than in sole wheat crop. A significant increase in soil organic carbon, available N, P, K and DTPA extractable micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) was observed in different soil profile (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) under poplar plantation than sole crop. The total N, P K and micronutrients uptake by grain and straw was observed maximum in variety WH 1184 and minimum in PBW 725. The moisture content was observed higher under poplar plantation than sole crop in different soil depths under study. Further, the soil moisture content increased with the increase in distance from the tree line. The average per cent light available to understory crops was maximum at 01:00 p.m. in the month of February, 2020 (97.57 %) under 8x3 m and minimum at 07:00 a.m. in the month of November, 2020 (15.99 %) under 3x3 m spacing . The air temperature was observed slightly lesser under poplar plantation than open environment (devoid of trees), however a reverse pattern was observed in relative humidity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Varietal Performance of Cowpea and Okra under Mahaneem (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.) Based Agroforestry system in South–Western Haryana
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09) Ranawat, Jitendra Singh; Deswal, R.P.S.
    The present investigation entitled “Varietal Performance of Cowpea and Okra under Mahaneem (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.) based Agroforestry system in South–Western Haryana” was carried out at Research Farm (CCS HAU, Hisar), Bawal, Haryana in already established Mahaneem plantation (July, 2013) at four spacing viz., 10 × 20 m, 10 × 10 m, 10 × 6.5 m and 10 × 5 m, during 2020–2021 & 2021–2022. Among all the treatments, tree height and DBH of Ailanthus excelsa were significantly higher in 10 × 10 m plant spacing, whereas crown spread was highest at 10 × 20 m plant spacing in comparison to other spacings of A. excelsa. The maximum green and dry fodder yield of A. excelsa was recorded under 10 × 5 m planting spacing. The maximum biomass and carbon sequestration were found in 10 × 5 m plant spacing. In Cowpea intercropped A. excelsa based agroforestry system, the maximum plant height, number of primary branches and chlorophyll content were recorded in Pusa Dharni under sole crop, while the minimum plant height, number of primary branches and chlorophyll content were observed in Pusa Sukomal 10 x 5 m A. excelsa planting spacing. In both the experimental years, the fresh pods yield of cowpea per hectare was highest in open field condition i.e., 111.67 q/ha and 108.47 q/ha respectively, in Pusa Sukomal while the minimum pods yield was observed in Pusa Dharni under 10 x 5 m A. excelsa planting spacing. In okra intercropped A. excelsa based agroforestry system, the maximum plant height, number of primary branches and chlorophyll content were recorded in Hisar Naveen under sole crop, while the minimum plant height, number of primary branches and chlorophyll content were observed in Varsha Uphar under 10 x 5 m A. excelsa planting spacing. The fresh fruit yield of okra per hectare was highest in the open field condition at 91.41 q/ha, and 90.03 q/ha in Hisar Naveen and minimum fruit yield was observed in Varsha Uphar under 10 x 5 m A. excelsa planting spacing for both years respectively. Soil pH and EC decreased significantly under Mahaneem plant spacings as compared to sole cowpea and okra crop. A significantly increase in soil organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus under Mahaneem plant spacings than sole cowpea and okra crop. On the basis of economic analysis, the higher BC ratio was recorded in cowpea var. Pusa Sukomal and okra var. Hisar Naveen under 10 x 10 m plant spacings of Alianthus excelsa which was economically more feasible over sole cropping and these varieties are recommended in Mahaneem (Alianthus excelsa) based agroforestry system in South-Western Haryana.