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2010 - 20142
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Subject: Family Resource Management × Author: Promila × End date: 2019 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Risk Assessment of Workers in Polyhouses of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Promila; Singh, Kiran
    The present study was conducted to find out the risk among workers of four different types of polyhouses (Hi-tech, NVPH, WIT and AINSH) in Haryana state. The information regarding number, area and type of polyhouses and subsidy provided by Govt. of India and Haryana on polyhouse farming was collected from respective district horticulture offices of Haryana State. Season wise climatic data (temperature, humidity, light, air contaminants, level of CO2 and solar radiation) of different polyhouses was taken to find out the difference of climatic data between polyhouses and conventional farming as well as within polyhouses. Workers form three district were examined on the basis of involvement pattern in polyhouse farming, satisfaction regarding workplace and organizational facilities and problems faced by workers at workplace. For the ergonomic study, 15 women workers of polyhouses of Karnal district were selected on the basis of good health status. Results depict that in Haryana State 614 different types of polyhouses were found under the area of 17,71,121 m2 . The total area under polyhouse farming was 0.49% of total cultivated area in Haryana State. Maximum number of polyhouses (92) and area (2,76,470m2) were found in Karnal district. Regarding environmental parameters, temperature, humidity, dust and CO2 level in polyhouses of Karnal district 19.80C, 63.9%, 255.1ppm, 6841ppm) was significantly higher (CD-0.9, 1.7, 25.9 and 33.5) than polyhouses of Ambala district (17.9 0C, 61.1 %, 222.6 ppm, 650.8 ppm) and Hisar district (17.40C, 60.18%, 221.3 ppm, 640.6ppm). Findings explain that concentration of temperature humidity and CO2 was found higher in WIT polyhouses, i.e. above 50 percent 40 percent and 50 percent, respectively in comparison to conventional farming in all month. In NVPH and WIT polyhouses climate was at extreme danger with heat score of 1820F and 2230F, which depicts that if workers continue to do work in this environment can have threat of possible heat stroke. Workers (62.79%) were involved in polyhouse type of farming from last 2-3 years and found to be working for 5-8 hrs (73.25%) daily. In polyhouse farming, workers were spending most of their days (280 days) on tying activity followed by bed making (245 days) and bed washing (242 days). Karnal workers were found to be exposed to higher temperature and humidity and were facing high problem of burn skin ( =2.04) degradation in quality of work ( =2.00), vomiting Regarding physiological parameters, in working condition heart rate of WIT polyhouse workers (103.5b.min-1) was found to be significantly higher in comparison to workers of NVPH (96.16 b.min-1), Hi-tech (92.16 b.min-1), AINSH (92.9 b.min-1) and conventional farming (87.6 b.min-1). Though blood pressure of the workers from WIT (62/98mmHg) and NVPH (61/94mmHg) polyhouses was found significantly lower in comparison to workers of other polyhouse. ( =2.00) and headache ( =2.10) in comparison to workers of Hisar and Ambala districts. Bed making and bed washing activities were done in sitting posture with flexion motion. High degree of flexion was illustrated in tying, pruning and harvesting activities with flexion of 1220, 1080 and 900, respectively. The maximum forwarded deviation (increase) in angle was observed in bed washing (202±2.6), sowing (200±2.1) and field preparation (199±1.6). On the basis of OWAS and REBA analysis the posture of workers during bed washing, tying and pruning was inappropriate with recommendation of necessary change in posture for activity. Regarding physiological parameters, in working condition heart rate of WIT polyhouse workers (103.5b.min-1) was found to be significantly higher in comparison to workers of NVPH (96.16 b.min-1), Hi-tech (92.16 b.min-1), AINSH (92.9 b.min-1) and conventional farming (87.6 b.min-1). Though blood pressure of the workers from WIT (62/98mmHg) and NVPH (61/94mmHg) polyhouses was found significantly lower in comparison to workers of other polyhouse. High concentration of temperature, humidity and carbon-dioxide were significantly affecting the heart rate, blood pressure and lung function capacity of the workers of WIT and NVOH polyhouses. Lung function capacity and heart rate of the workers from WIT polyhouse was found to be significantly (P<0.05) lower in comparison to other polyhouses with conventional farming. On the basis of study working environment of Hitech polyhouse was found significantly appropriate for workers with temperature of 170C -210C in winter and 280C-320C in summer, humidity of 63%-71% in winter and 40%- 53% in summer and CO2 of 350 ppm-523ppm in winter and 378ppm-490ppm in summer.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Modification of existing low cost solar bed technology for safe storage of spices and flours
    (CCSHAU, 2010) Promila; Sehgal, Binoo
    The study was conducted in two phases. In phase-I, the baseline survey was carried out to study the existing practices of storing spices (turmeric, red chilli and coriander) and flours (semolina, gram flour and refined flour). In IInd phase, experiments were conducted to compare the different practices of storage in terms of infestation and to modify the existing low cost solar technology for safe storage of spices and flours. Under phase- I, Hisar district of Haryana state was selected purposively. Mangali and Harita villages of Hisar I block and II block were selected purposively due to easy accessibility of the respondents. A sample of 50 respondents from each village were taken, thus to make a total sample of 100 respondents. Data were collected personally with the help of well structured interview schedule. Findings revealed that majority of the respondents had farming as family occupation, very less percent were growing grams and spices on own field. Out of the respondents who powdered spices and flours at home, majority were giving sun exposure before storage while respondents who purchased spices and flours in powdered form, a small fraction exposed spices and flours before storage. Majority of the respondents used cloth for sun exposure and plastic containers for storage. In phase-II the experiments were conducted to test the efficiency of three types of storage practices viz., stored directly after purchase, stored after open exposure and stored after exposure in solar bed. The experiments were conducted for half an hour (12:00 to 12:30 pm) in open area of the laboratory of Department of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Nine samples of ½ kg of each spice (turmeric, red chilli, coriander) and flour (semolina, gram flour and refined flour) were taken for 3 treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Moisture of each sample was recorded before storage, after exposure to sun and after every month for successive 3 months. To modify the solar bed, different thicknesses of polythene was used for conducting experiments. Findings reveal that temperature in solar bed was significantly higher than open exposure and direct storage and due to the high temperature, moisture content in spices and flours was lower when exposed in solar bed in comparison to open exposure and direct storage. No infestation was found in spices and flours which were stored after exposure in solar bed. Study unveiled that temperature in case of solar bed with more gauge of polythene was raised to higher degree and insects were killed in less time in comparison to solar bed with lesser polythene gauge. This was because black sheet of solar bed is good absorber of heat.