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Open Access
Sustainable integrated farming system in Haryana: Problems and prospect
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-03) Ekta; Malik, Joginder Singh
The study was conducted in Yamunanagar and Sirsa districts of Haryana state during the year 2018-19. These districts were purposively selected. Further, four villages from each district were selected, randomly. Further, 22 farmers were selected, randomly from each selected village. Thus, a total number of 176 respondents were interviewed for the present study. The information about respondents‟ socio-personnel traits, need and interest of farmers in adoption of IFS, feasible components of IFS in Haryana, farmer‟s perception regarding the impact of IFS in sustainable agriculture, problems and prospect of small and marginal farmers in different farming systems in Haryana were collected with the help of structured interview schedule. The study indicated that there were 63.07 per cent of respondents who had medium need and interest towards IFS. 31.82 per cent respondent‟s perceived high need and interest towards IFS. Whereas, only 5.11 per cent of the respondents perceived less need and interest towards IFS. In case of IFS components adopted by the respondents, all of the respondents had adopted field crop followed by dairy farming, forestry, horticulture and vegetables etc. Results pertaining to the perception of farmers regarding the impact of IFS in sustainable agriculture found that majority of respondent 51.70 per cent had medium level of perception towards IFS. The study conducted on constraints encountered by the respondents in adoption of IFS revealed that there were 47.73 % of respondents who believed to have medium problems regarding IFS such as Economical, technical, production, marketing and organizational problems. The overall results of IFS prospect perceived by the respondents showed that about 55.11 per cent of the respondents perceived medium to high level of IFS, hence the future of IFS is bright under these circumstances. The study further revealed that most of the respondents believed to have medium level of technical prospect (64.77%), economical prospect (66.48%), social prospect (52.27%) and ecological prospect (53.98%) regarding IFS. They also believed to have low level of entrepreneurial prospect (57.95%). IFS play an important role in reducing of the use of chemical fertilizers by improving the soil health naturally by increasing the soil nutrients, organic carbon and micro-organism in the soil.
Open Access
Empowerment of farm women through Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Project in Hisar division of Haryana
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-05) Anshu; Seema Rani
The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana State i.e. Hisar and Fatehabad. 120 farm women from each district of Hisar Division were selected randomly. Thus a total of 240 beneficiaries were selected for the study. To determine the participation information of SREP, implementation of SREP and constraints in SREP implementation,18 stakeholders of ATMA were selected randomly. Results of the study revealed that majority of the beneficiary belonged to younger age group, belonged to schedule caste, married, illiterate, with low family education status, were housewives, majority of beneficiaries family were working as labourers. In Hisar district as well as Fatehabad district beneficiaries had more awareness and participation concerning kisan ghothi followed by FIG training camp, demonstration, exposure visit and farmer field school. Decisions related to farm, animals and money matters were predominantly taken with the help of husband or with the help of family in both districts of Hisar division. Negligible numbers of beneficiaries took their own decisions. Knowledge regarding ATMA project in both district was found to be medium and findings also indicated that the beneficiaries had somewhat favourable attitude towards various aspects of ATMA both districts. ATMA had positively outcome in relation to social development, economic development, cultural development, technological development and input assistance and management constraint was the major constraint followed by organizational/institutional constraints. Knowledge about the ATMA project was found to be positively correlated with the exposure visit, training camp and demonstration at 5% level of significance. Data reveals that farmer field school, training camp and demonstration were found to be positively significant with development. Most of the stakeholders agreed that that technology in ATMA project had changed the socio-economic profile of the farmers in which major change was observed in the use of media, increased in social participation. Major constraints faced by the stakeholders were lack of awareness, location of farmers, lack of interest among farmers, insufficient budget for organization of ATMA programme. Majority of stakeholders pointed out that farmer feedback should be taken for improvement of programme, sufficient budget for the ATMA programme should be provided, refresher training should be provided to the ATMA stakeholders’ assessment of farmer needs and developing need based programme.
Open Access
Knowledge and Usage Pattern of Information and Communication Technology among Students of CCS Haryana Agricultural University
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-06) Malik, Anil Kumar; Godara, A.K
The present study entitled “Knowledge and Usage Pattern of Information and Communication Technology among Students of CCS Haryana Agricultural University” was conducted in the Colleges of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering & Technology and Indira Chakravarty College of Home Sciences of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana with following objectives: to examine the accessibility of ICT services among students for agricultural purposes, to ascertain the knowledge level and usage pattern of ICT tools, to explore the aptitude of students towards ICT and to identify the constraints faced in using ICT. In this research, Under-Graduate (Pre-final & Final year) and Post-Graduate (M.Sc. & Ph.D.) students of the selected colleges registered during the session of 2017-18 were taken as the sample of the study. There were 994 students registered in U.G and P.G. programmes from selected colleges. Out of them, 200 students were selected through proportionate random sampling. The ICT tools selected for the study were web services/internet, television, radio and mobile. The data were collected through personal interview technique with the help of well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. The results shows that majority of the students belonged to age group of 21-25 years, the number of male respondent was very high, almost one-third were graduate, more than 80 per cent of the respondents resided in hostel, whereas a great majority of the respondents preferred for university job. The study further revealed that all the respondents had access to four tools of ICT viz., web services/internet, television, radio and mobile selected for study. Whereas majority of the respondents used ICT tools/services for entertainment purpose. Moreover, more than 90 per cent of the respondents owned mobile phone with internet facility. The findings also revealed that nearly half of the respondents‟ overall knowledge towards ICT tools/services was found to be of „medium‟ level. Regarding use of selected ICT tools, all the respondents used internet and mobile followed by television and radio. The study further illustrated that most of the respondents had „high‟ level of extent of utilization of internet and mobile, whereas in case of television and radio, majority of the respondents was found to have „medium‟ and „low‟ level of extent of utilization, respectively. Moreover, a great majority of the respondents was found to have „favourable‟ to „more favourable‟ aptitude towards ICT. Correlation coefficient of age, education, medium of schooling, family education, scientism, mass media exposure, information seeking behaviour and risk orientation were found positively significant with the knowledge and usage pattern of ICT tools. Whereas in case of the partial regression coefficient variables i.e. age, education, medium of schooling, scientism, mass media exposure, information seeking behaviour and risk orientation significantly contributed to the knowledge and usage pattern of ICT tools. The study further revealed that lack of training facilities to learn ICT, lack of expertise to use ICT and slow functioning of internet/server breakdown were the major constraints faced by the respondents in using ICT. As far as consequences of not using ICT were concerned, „Loss of contact with timely information‟ ranked as first consequence followed by „Loss of relevance, confidence and credibility‟. With regard to suggestions, majority of the respondents suggested that teaching should be through ICT followed by improved internet connection.
Open Access
Knowledge, perception and vulnerability of agro-met advisory services (AAS) in Haryana
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09-20) Dilip S.; Malik, Joginder Singh
The study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar district from western zone and Karnal district from eastern zone of Haryana on the basis of close proximity of the centers issuing weathers forecasting advisory services to western and eastern zone. From each district two block was selected randomly. Three villages were selected randomly from each selected block. A sample of 15 farmers from each village was selected purposively. In this way a total number of 180 farmers were selected for the present study. In all 180 farmers viz., 90 beneficiary farmers were selected and remaining 90 non- beneficiary farmers were selected. Agro-Met Advisory Services is the application of science and technology to predict the state of atmosphere for the future time and a given location. Human being has attempted to predict the weathers informally for the millennia, and formally since at least the nineteenth century. Agro-Met Advisory Services are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of atmosphere and using scientific understanding of atmosphere processes to reject the atmosphere will evolve. The study revealed that beneficiary farmers had more knowledge as compared to non-beneficiary farmers, because of the influence of Agro-met Advisory Service. The study indicated that, beneficiary farmers had medium to high Perception towards climate change. This is a good trend and this has to be still improved by conducting more awareness programmes. Majority of the respondents (57.23 %) fell under the category of very low vulnerability, whereas, 27.22 and 13.33 per cent of them were belonged to category of low and medium vulnerability. Only 2.22 per cent of the respondents were coming under the category of high vulnerability. Majority of farmers face technical constraints revealed that lack of awareness to the development and utilization of new technologies was considered the most serious constraints by the farmers. In case of understanding ability constraints revealed that belief about traditional weather forecast is more powerful than the modern weather forecast in farmers view was considered the most serious constraints by the farmers. In case of availability constraints revealed that lack of two-way communication between the sender and the receiver was considered the most serious constraints by the farmers. The results indicate multiple regression analysis between selected independent variables and knowledge level towards AAS was inferred that, all the eighteen independent variables together contributed 67.30 per cent of beneficiary farmers and 49.10 per cent of non-beneficiary farmers variation in the knowledge level of the farmers towards AAS. The results indicate multiple regression analysis between selected independent variables and perception level towards AAS was inferred that, all the eighteen independent variables together contributed 61.20 per cent of beneficiary farmers and 37.50 per cent of non-beneficiary farmers variation in the knowledge level of the farmers towards AAS. Students t-test indicates that there is significant difference in the knowledge and perception level of the beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers.
Open Access
Empowerment of Farm Women through Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Project in Gurugram division of Haryana
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-05) Reena; Seema Rani
The study was conducted in two districts of Gurugram division of Haryana State i.e. Gurugram and Mahendragarh. A total of 240 beneficiaries of ATMA and 18 stakeholders of ATMA were selected for the study. The data were collected personally with the help of structured interview schedule for the beneficiaries and data from stakeholders were collected through questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that majority of the beneficiaries were in the age group of 37-55 years, belonged to schedule caste, married, illiterate, belonged to nuclear family, had family size up to 5 members and housewives in both districts of Gurugram division. Maximum participation of beneficiaries was found in kisan goshti, kisan mela and training camp. There were low participation in scientific interaction and farmer field school and no participation in demonstration and farmer interest group. Medium level of participation in the various type of training programme under ATMA was found in both districts of Gurugram division. Majority of the respondent were categorized under medium level of social development (67.50%), economic development (82.08%), cultural development (71.67%), input assistance (72.50%) and low level of technological development (78.33%). Major constraints faced by the beneficiaries was lack of practical knowledge (2.70) in management constraints, easily availed quality input (2.01) in technological constraints, lack of credit facilities (2.06) in economic constraints and lack of exposure visit to women farmers (2.69) in organization /institutional constraints. Major constraint faced by the stakeholders were lack of interest of farmers, lack of finance for organization of ATMA programme, poor coordination between officers and farmers, plans were made on district DDA level / no planning in fixing targets according to the specific farming situation needs of beneficiaries or improper implementation of bottom up approach, difficulty in formation and run of FIG/WIG as well as in lack of efficient transportation, farmers goes off track during discussion exclude main discussion followed by neglected the voice of extension personnel, many schemes resulting no time for review. Major suggestion reported by stakeholders were strengthening of infrastructure & improving coordination between allied stakeholder, place the budget of ATMA in advance at BAO level, promotion PPP mode as well as refresher training, strengthen F- R- E linkage, provide sufficient fund to run the plan smoothly, awards should be given to the farmers who are progressive, promotion of farmers producers organization setup, Block action plan should be as per need of farmer. Few numbers of stakeholders also suggested that there should be proper implementation of bottom up approach and D- plot should be given in adequate quantity.
Open Access
Adoption and diffusion of homestead technologies among rural women
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Jyoti Rani; Yadav, Beena
The present study on “adoption and diffusion of home stead technology among rural women” was conducted on 200 women from four villages i.e. Sundawas, Bichpari, Shikarpur, Shahpur villages from Hisar district of Haryana state adopted during last four years under IAHS programme of College of Home Science. The independent variables included personal, economical, social, communicational, psychological and technological. The dependent variables of the respondents were adoption status, factors contributing of adoption and non-adoption and consequences of adopted technologies. Data were collected personally with the help of inventory, schedule and questionnaire and were analyzed by application of frequency, percentages, and other descriptive techniques. Maximum of the IAHS respondents belonged to 29+-40 years age group from general caste , married ,educated up to 12th having nuclear families structure from of medium family size. Farming as well as labor was reported as main occupation of the family members, had marginal land holding and they were observed to fall under above poverty line. Maximum number of the respondents reported demonstration+ lecture for acquiring various type of information. Adoption of technologies majority of the respondents were reported continued adoption of the garment construction and pickles, nutritious recipes, macramé products and soft toys making. Technologies like garment construction, macramé products and soft toys making were used for the income generation most of the respondents. Diffusion of the technologies indicated that on an average each IAHS beneficiary disseminated the technologies among more than one woman. Education, caste, land holding, family type economic status, achievement motivation, technology perception score was found to be positively and significantly correlated with stages of adoption of different homestead technologies at 5% level of significance. Whereas age, occupation, marital status caste, land holding, social and political participation were found to be negatively but significantly correlated with stage of adoption for different homestead technologies. Major reasons for non adoption of technologies were unavailability of raw material, not acquisition of the prefect skills, lack of interest and not need based , lack of resources i.e. (time, money, space etc), costlier to adopt and lack of family support, taste not liked by the family members. Consequence of the adopted technologies were assessed in term of direct- desirable, direct undesirable, indirect desirable and indirect undesirable. Maximum number of consequences was reported by the respondents in improved mud stove technology followed by pearl millets, garment construction, and wealth out of waste.
Open Access
Cross-Cultural impact of old age pension on the livelihood chances of Geriatrics in Haryana
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-02) Ashma; Dahiya, Manju
Aging is a natural process which worldwide affects all the human beings. The major events in life of an individual includes birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood and elderly, due to economic wellbeing and better health care facilities, increase the life expectancy of human beings. Global estimates indicate that geriatrics has been increasing steadily. The Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension System is a major source of income for the elderly. The present study focuses on awareness, utilization, prevalence of abuses and impact of old age pension on the livelihood chances of geriatrics in the districts Hisar and Nuh of Haryana State. Total of two hundred geriatrics (25 males and 25 females from four villages) interviewed randomly. The results indicated that in both the districts, half of the geriatrics (50.0%) were 65-70 years of age followed by 32.5 per cent geriatrics were 71-75 years of age and were from backward class and illiterate. In Hisar, awareness was comparatively more than Nuh about all these rights except right to equality, right to freedom of religion and senior citizen without children can claim maintenance from adult relative who will inherit the property after their death. Cent per cent geriatrics were aware and utilizing Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) in both the districts followed by travel concession and National Programme for Health Care of Elderly (NPHC). In Nuh, old age pension funds were mainly used for basic needs (WMS-2.98) followed by family expenses while in Hisar, majority of the geriatrics used old age pension fund for medicines (WMS-2.85) followed by travel.39.5% of the geriatrics suffered from financial abuses, 31.0 per cent geriatrics suffered from emotional abuses, 19.5 per cent geriatrics suffered from physical abuses and all types of abuses (physical, emotional and sexual) were found more in female than male except financial abuse and maximum abuses caused by daughter-in-laws. Due to post pension the geriatrics got adequate quantity of different food groups with mean scores and standard deviation (30.7 ±27.5 and 41.5±31.8), health facilities (42.5± 36.5 and 58.2±38.3), shelter/sanitation/ water facilities (51.7 ±49.5 and 35.2±44.3), recreational facilities and other amenities with mean score and standard deviation (15.0±17.9 and 24.1±11.8) and significant in both the districts while the geriatrics from Nuh had inadequate quantity of clothes and non significant at 0.05% level of significance. The improved quality index for Nuh was 41.0 per cent and for Hisar was 63.0 per cent hence the quality index of geriatrics for Hisar was better than the Nuh In Nuh, maximum improvement was observed in mobility domain (WMS-2.40) whereas in Hisar maximum improvement was observed in health and nutrition domain (WMS-2.16). Among all the indicators, female geriatrics scored high for health (16.0±10.7) whereas male geriatrics scored high for shelter/ sanitation/ water (17.2±14.9) in Nuh while in Hisar also male geriatrics scored high for health (25.2±15.0) whereas female geriatrics scored high for clothes (20.7±10.4).Majority of the geriatrics (95.0%) faced illiteracy in completing formalities to get pension
Open Access
Crop residue management and its impact on human health, environment and agriculture
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-04) Sharma, Nidhi; Shehrawat, P.S.
This study was conducted to develop sustainable model for crop residue management for farmers of Haryana. The study was conducted in four districts namely, Kaithal, Karnal, Fatehabad and Sirsa and from each district, two blocks were selected randomly. Thus, total numbers of eight blocks were selected for the study. From each block, two villages were selected randomly. Thus, total numbers of sixteen villages were selected for the study. From each village, fifteen farmers were selected randomly. Thus, total two-forty farmers were selected and personally interviewed with the help of well-structured schedule. The study was divided into various sections i.e. personal profile of farmers, causes, factors, constraints, training needs, impact and model of crop residue burning. Findings of the personal profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the farmers were of middle age group, educated up to metric, belonged to general category and had land holding above 10 acres. Result pertaining to causes that short window of time between harvesting of paddy and sowing of wheat and lack of storage facility for straw management were most severe cause of crop residue burning. Regarding factors, difficulties in sowing of next crop, apprehension of lower crop yields and transportation and storage of crop residue is difficult were very important factor for non-adoption of crop residue management practices. Regarding constraints, collection and transportation of voluminous mass of paddy residue is cumbersome activity, depth of sowing with happy seeder takes longer time for emergence of seedlings and high wages of labour during harvesting season, high cost of machinery used in management practices were general, implements-specific and economic serious constraints, respectively. Regarding training needs, maximum training need was expressed by the farmers about training for providing information about multiple benefits of crop residue followed by compost preparation for utilizing the stubbles and specialized training courses for happy seeder. Regarding impact, it was revealed that p-value is less than 0.05 i.e. 0.00 indicates that there is significant impact of crop residue burning on environment, human health and agriculture. Regarding model, it concludes important causes of crop residue burning, factors and constraints for non- adoption of crop residue management practices, impact of residue burning and training needs of farmers.
Open Access
Impact of rural agricultural work experience (RAWE) programme under CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-12) Amit Kumar; Mehta, S.K.
The study was conducted in the college of agriculture main campus and college of agriculture, Kaul of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The 140 students were selected during the year of 2019-20 for the sample size. While, 120 host farmers/contact farmers with whom the students of RAWE programme attached for studying various aspects of agricultural/horticultural activities and farm enterprise. Majority of respondents 21.43 per cent belonged to graduate level of education. It was found that 71.42 per cent belonged to male category. More than 45.00 per cent respondents belonged from the rural areas followed by 37.14 per cent from the urban areas. The result showed that39.29 per cent respondents fall under the category of 10+2 level of education from the CBSC board. However, 39.28 per cent parents were having farming as a main occupation. Majority of respondents (50 %) of the students decided to join CCS HAU. Maximum students (46.43%) obtained high OGPA followed by 39.29 per cent medium OGPA. From the total number of students 42.86 per cent got the monthly scholarship by CCSHAU. Majority of the farmers (63.3%) belonged to medium age and 39.1 per cent farmers educated up to primary school, while 49.1 per cent farmers belonged to other backward class (OBC). It was found that 53.3 per cent respondents having semi-medium land holding (2 to 4 hec.). The 96.7 per cent of respondents had high contact with progressive farmers. Almost 36.7 per cent respondents belonged to the medium level of change proneness and 55.9 per cent respondents had high level of scientism/fatalism. It was observed that 45 per cent respondents were fall under the category of medium level of risk orientation. It was revealed that majority (53.57%) of students used the Hindi as a major language and 21.42 per cent students were having internet connection. Regarding mass media exposure newspapers a print media, internet as electronic media, skype and snapchat as new age media and Microsoft academic as search engine ranked 1st. The data revealed that respondents had high contact with advisory service (e-mausam) of the university with mean value 2.50. It was found that respondents had most favorable attitude about opportunities to work with various agriculture rural institutions with highest mean score (2.50 MS). It was found that associated factors of the RAWEP self-confidence, technical domain, communication skill, planning and executive skill considered most vital factor. Whereas, decision making, organizational skill, distraction factor considered as a vital factor. It was cleared that 50.00 per cent farmers were having impact on their „tradition‟ with highest mean score (2.36), while farmers were having the average impact on training skill with mean score (1.82). The result revealed that impact of RAWEP on social norms having descriptive norm on “greet to farmers before leaving work” ranked 1st with highest mean score (2.35) however in injective norm majority of the respondents were having impact on “few farmers adopt technology suggested by students” with highest mean score (1.90). It was found that majority (85.0 %) of respondents having the significant impact on the „improve fraternity among farmers‟ followed by 80.8 per cent having significant impact regarding „gained knowledge of agricultural schemes‟. Whereas, 42.86 per cent respondent accepted that less effective presentation of technical information ranked 1stas a major constraints. In the suggestions, 50.17 per cent students considered that leadership in planning, programme and field problems and build of social relationship and emotional attachment can play an important role for the successful implementation of RAWEP.

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