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ThesisItem Open Access Sustainable integrated farming system in Haryana: Problems and prospect(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-03) Ekta; Malik, Joginder SinghThe study was conducted in Yamunanagar and Sirsa districts of Haryana state during the year 2018-19. These districts were purposively selected. Further, four villages from each district were selected, randomly. Further, 22 farmers were selected, randomly from each selected village. Thus, a total number of 176 respondents were interviewed for the present study. The information about respondents‟ socio-personnel traits, need and interest of farmers in adoption of IFS, feasible components of IFS in Haryana, farmer‟s perception regarding the impact of IFS in sustainable agriculture, problems and prospect of small and marginal farmers in different farming systems in Haryana were collected with the help of structured interview schedule. The study indicated that there were 63.07 per cent of respondents who had medium need and interest towards IFS. 31.82 per cent respondent‟s perceived high need and interest towards IFS. Whereas, only 5.11 per cent of the respondents perceived less need and interest towards IFS. In case of IFS components adopted by the respondents, all of the respondents had adopted field crop followed by dairy farming, forestry, horticulture and vegetables etc. Results pertaining to the perception of farmers regarding the impact of IFS in sustainable agriculture found that majority of respondent 51.70 per cent had medium level of perception towards IFS. The study conducted on constraints encountered by the respondents in adoption of IFS revealed that there were 47.73 % of respondents who believed to have medium problems regarding IFS such as Economical, technical, production, marketing and organizational problems. The overall results of IFS prospect perceived by the respondents showed that about 55.11 per cent of the respondents perceived medium to high level of IFS, hence the future of IFS is bright under these circumstances. The study further revealed that most of the respondents believed to have medium level of technical prospect (64.77%), economical prospect (66.48%), social prospect (52.27%) and ecological prospect (53.98%) regarding IFS. They also believed to have low level of entrepreneurial prospect (57.95%). IFS play an important role in reducing of the use of chemical fertilizers by improving the soil health naturally by increasing the soil nutrients, organic carbon and micro-organism in the soil.ThesisItem Open Access Empowerment of farm women through Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Project in Hisar division of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-05) Anshu; Seema RaniThe study was conducted in two districts of Haryana State i.e. Hisar and Fatehabad. 120 farm women from each district of Hisar Division were selected randomly. Thus a total of 240 beneficiaries were selected for the study. To determine the participation information of SREP, implementation of SREP and constraints in SREP implementation,18 stakeholders of ATMA were selected randomly. Results of the study revealed that majority of the beneficiary belonged to younger age group, belonged to schedule caste, married, illiterate, with low family education status, were housewives, majority of beneficiaries family were working as labourers. In Hisar district as well as Fatehabad district beneficiaries had more awareness and participation concerning kisan ghothi followed by FIG training camp, demonstration, exposure visit and farmer field school. Decisions related to farm, animals and money matters were predominantly taken with the help of husband or with the help of family in both districts of Hisar division. Negligible numbers of beneficiaries took their own decisions. Knowledge regarding ATMA project in both district was found to be medium and findings also indicated that the beneficiaries had somewhat favourable attitude towards various aspects of ATMA both districts. ATMA had positively outcome in relation to social development, economic development, cultural development, technological development and input assistance and management constraint was the major constraint followed by organizational/institutional constraints. Knowledge about the ATMA project was found to be positively correlated with the exposure visit, training camp and demonstration at 5% level of significance. Data reveals that farmer field school, training camp and demonstration were found to be positively significant with development. Most of the stakeholders agreed that that technology in ATMA project had changed the socio-economic profile of the farmers in which major change was observed in the use of media, increased in social participation. Major constraints faced by the stakeholders were lack of awareness, location of farmers, lack of interest among farmers, insufficient budget for organization of ATMA programme. Majority of stakeholders pointed out that farmer feedback should be taken for improvement of programme, sufficient budget for the ATMA programme should be provided, refresher training should be provided to the ATMA stakeholders’ assessment of farmer needs and developing need based programme.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and Usage Pattern of Information and Communication Technology among Students of CCS Haryana Agricultural University(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-06) Malik, Anil Kumar; Godara, A.KThe present study entitled “Knowledge and Usage Pattern of Information and Communication Technology among Students of CCS Haryana Agricultural University” was conducted in the Colleges of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering & Technology and Indira Chakravarty College of Home Sciences of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana with following objectives: to examine the accessibility of ICT services among students for agricultural purposes, to ascertain the knowledge level and usage pattern of ICT tools, to explore the aptitude of students towards ICT and to identify the constraints faced in using ICT. In this research, Under-Graduate (Pre-final & Final year) and Post-Graduate (M.Sc. & Ph.D.) students of the selected colleges registered during the session of 2017-18 were taken as the sample of the study. There were 994 students registered in U.G and P.G. programmes from selected colleges. Out of them, 200 students were selected through proportionate random sampling. The ICT tools selected for the study were web services/internet, television, radio and mobile. The data were collected through personal interview technique with the help of well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. The results shows that majority of the students belonged to age group of 21-25 years, the number of male respondent was very high, almost one-third were graduate, more than 80 per cent of the respondents resided in hostel, whereas a great majority of the respondents preferred for university job. The study further revealed that all the respondents had access to four tools of ICT viz., web services/internet, television, radio and mobile selected for study. Whereas majority of the respondents used ICT tools/services for entertainment purpose. Moreover, more than 90 per cent of the respondents owned mobile phone with internet facility. The findings also revealed that nearly half of the respondents‟ overall knowledge towards ICT tools/services was found to be of „medium‟ level. Regarding use of selected ICT tools, all the respondents used internet and mobile followed by television and radio. The study further illustrated that most of the respondents had „high‟ level of extent of utilization of internet and mobile, whereas in case of television and radio, majority of the respondents was found to have „medium‟ and „low‟ level of extent of utilization, respectively. Moreover, a great majority of the respondents was found to have „favourable‟ to „more favourable‟ aptitude towards ICT. Correlation coefficient of age, education, medium of schooling, family education, scientism, mass media exposure, information seeking behaviour and risk orientation were found positively significant with the knowledge and usage pattern of ICT tools. Whereas in case of the partial regression coefficient variables i.e. age, education, medium of schooling, scientism, mass media exposure, information seeking behaviour and risk orientation significantly contributed to the knowledge and usage pattern of ICT tools. The study further revealed that lack of training facilities to learn ICT, lack of expertise to use ICT and slow functioning of internet/server breakdown were the major constraints faced by the respondents in using ICT. As far as consequences of not using ICT were concerned, „Loss of contact with timely information‟ ranked as first consequence followed by „Loss of relevance, confidence and credibility‟. With regard to suggestions, majority of the respondents suggested that teaching should be through ICT followed by improved internet connection.ThesisItem Open Access Empowerment of Farm Women through Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Project in Gurugram division of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-05) Reena; Seema RaniThe study was conducted in two districts of Gurugram division of Haryana State i.e. Gurugram and Mahendragarh. A total of 240 beneficiaries of ATMA and 18 stakeholders of ATMA were selected for the study. The data were collected personally with the help of structured interview schedule for the beneficiaries and data from stakeholders were collected through questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that majority of the beneficiaries were in the age group of 37-55 years, belonged to schedule caste, married, illiterate, belonged to nuclear family, had family size up to 5 members and housewives in both districts of Gurugram division. Maximum participation of beneficiaries was found in kisan goshti, kisan mela and training camp. There were low participation in scientific interaction and farmer field school and no participation in demonstration and farmer interest group. Medium level of participation in the various type of training programme under ATMA was found in both districts of Gurugram division. Majority of the respondent were categorized under medium level of social development (67.50%), economic development (82.08%), cultural development (71.67%), input assistance (72.50%) and low level of technological development (78.33%). Major constraints faced by the beneficiaries was lack of practical knowledge (2.70) in management constraints, easily availed quality input (2.01) in technological constraints, lack of credit facilities (2.06) in economic constraints and lack of exposure visit to women farmers (2.69) in organization /institutional constraints. Major constraint faced by the stakeholders were lack of interest of farmers, lack of finance for organization of ATMA programme, poor coordination between officers and farmers, plans were made on district DDA level / no planning in fixing targets according to the specific farming situation needs of beneficiaries or improper implementation of bottom up approach, difficulty in formation and run of FIG/WIG as well as in lack of efficient transportation, farmers goes off track during discussion exclude main discussion followed by neglected the voice of extension personnel, many schemes resulting no time for review. Major suggestion reported by stakeholders were strengthening of infrastructure & improving coordination between allied stakeholder, place the budget of ATMA in advance at BAO level, promotion PPP mode as well as refresher training, strengthen F- R- E linkage, provide sufficient fund to run the plan smoothly, awards should be given to the farmers who are progressive, promotion of farmers producers organization setup, Block action plan should be as per need of farmer. Few numbers of stakeholders also suggested that there should be proper implementation of bottom up approach and D- plot should be given in adequate quantity.ThesisItem Open Access Adoption and diffusion of homestead technologies among rural women(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Jyoti Rani; Yadav, BeenaThe present study on “adoption and diffusion of home stead technology among rural women” was conducted on 200 women from four villages i.e. Sundawas, Bichpari, Shikarpur, Shahpur villages from Hisar district of Haryana state adopted during last four years under IAHS programme of College of Home Science. The independent variables included personal, economical, social, communicational, psychological and technological. The dependent variables of the respondents were adoption status, factors contributing of adoption and non-adoption and consequences of adopted technologies. Data were collected personally with the help of inventory, schedule and questionnaire and were analyzed by application of frequency, percentages, and other descriptive techniques. Maximum of the IAHS respondents belonged to 29+-40 years age group from general caste , married ,educated up to 12th having nuclear families structure from of medium family size. Farming as well as labor was reported as main occupation of the family members, had marginal land holding and they were observed to fall under above poverty line. Maximum number of the respondents reported demonstration+ lecture for acquiring various type of information. Adoption of technologies majority of the respondents were reported continued adoption of the garment construction and pickles, nutritious recipes, macramé products and soft toys making. Technologies like garment construction, macramé products and soft toys making were used for the income generation most of the respondents. Diffusion of the technologies indicated that on an average each IAHS beneficiary disseminated the technologies among more than one woman. Education, caste, land holding, family type economic status, achievement motivation, technology perception score was found to be positively and significantly correlated with stages of adoption of different homestead technologies at 5% level of significance. Whereas age, occupation, marital status caste, land holding, social and political participation were found to be negatively but significantly correlated with stage of adoption for different homestead technologies. Major reasons for non adoption of technologies were unavailability of raw material, not acquisition of the prefect skills, lack of interest and not need based , lack of resources i.e. (time, money, space etc), costlier to adopt and lack of family support, taste not liked by the family members. Consequence of the adopted technologies were assessed in term of direct- desirable, direct undesirable, indirect desirable and indirect undesirable. Maximum number of consequences was reported by the respondents in improved mud stove technology followed by pearl millets, garment construction, and wealth out of waste.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of rural agricultural work experience (RAWE) programme under CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-12) Amit Kumar; Mehta, S.K.The study was conducted in the college of agriculture main campus and college of agriculture, Kaul of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The 140 students were selected during the year of 2019-20 for the sample size. While, 120 host farmers/contact farmers with whom the students of RAWE programme attached for studying various aspects of agricultural/horticultural activities and farm enterprise. Majority of respondents 21.43 per cent belonged to graduate level of education. It was found that 71.42 per cent belonged to male category. More than 45.00 per cent respondents belonged from the rural areas followed by 37.14 per cent from the urban areas. The result showed that39.29 per cent respondents fall under the category of 10+2 level of education from the CBSC board. However, 39.28 per cent parents were having farming as a main occupation. Majority of respondents (50 %) of the students decided to join CCS HAU. Maximum students (46.43%) obtained high OGPA followed by 39.29 per cent medium OGPA. From the total number of students 42.86 per cent got the monthly scholarship by CCSHAU. Majority of the farmers (63.3%) belonged to medium age and 39.1 per cent farmers educated up to primary school, while 49.1 per cent farmers belonged to other backward class (OBC). It was found that 53.3 per cent respondents having semi-medium land holding (2 to 4 hec.). The 96.7 per cent of respondents had high contact with progressive farmers. Almost 36.7 per cent respondents belonged to the medium level of change proneness and 55.9 per cent respondents had high level of scientism/fatalism. It was observed that 45 per cent respondents were fall under the category of medium level of risk orientation. It was revealed that majority (53.57%) of students used the Hindi as a major language and 21.42 per cent students were having internet connection. Regarding mass media exposure newspapers a print media, internet as electronic media, skype and snapchat as new age media and Microsoft academic as search engine ranked 1st. The data revealed that respondents had high contact with advisory service (e-mausam) of the university with mean value 2.50. It was found that respondents had most favorable attitude about opportunities to work with various agriculture rural institutions with highest mean score (2.50 MS). It was found that associated factors of the RAWEP self-confidence, technical domain, communication skill, planning and executive skill considered most vital factor. Whereas, decision making, organizational skill, distraction factor considered as a vital factor. It was cleared that 50.00 per cent farmers were having impact on their „tradition‟ with highest mean score (2.36), while farmers were having the average impact on training skill with mean score (1.82). The result revealed that impact of RAWEP on social norms having descriptive norm on “greet to farmers before leaving work” ranked 1st with highest mean score (2.35) however in injective norm majority of the respondents were having impact on “few farmers adopt technology suggested by students” with highest mean score (1.90). It was found that majority (85.0 %) of respondents having the significant impact on the „improve fraternity among farmers‟ followed by 80.8 per cent having significant impact regarding „gained knowledge of agricultural schemes‟. Whereas, 42.86 per cent respondent accepted that less effective presentation of technical information ranked 1stas a major constraints. In the suggestions, 50.17 per cent students considered that leadership in planning, programme and field problems and build of social relationship and emotional attachment can play an important role for the successful implementation of RAWEP.ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative Study of Farmer FIRST Programme on Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2019) Manjeet; Malik, Joginder SinghThe present study was conducted in Hisar and Karnal district of Haryana state. Selection of districts was, purposively because the project is implemented in these districts. From Hisar Gurana was taken as adopted village and Datta as non adopted village whereas from Karnal Garhi Gujran was as adopted and Samora as a non adopted village. 120 respondents were selected from two adopted village and 120 from two non adopted village. Thus a total of 240 respondents were interviewed. The specific objectives of present study were (1) To study the extent of people‟s participation in Farmer FIRST programme (2) To study the impact of programme on agricultural practices and their economical condition (3) Constraints faced by respondent during adoption of programme (4) To analyze the association of various antecedents of agricultural practices . The data were collected through pre-tested structured interview schedule ten important independent variables namely, age, education, socio-economic status, source of irrigation, extension contact, mass-media exposure, scientific orientation, risk orientation, economic motivation and farming system and namely, people‟s participation, impact of FFP on agricultural practices and constraints perceived by the respondents in farmer FIRST Programme were the dependent variables. Majority of the respondents had medium level of participation at all the stages of farmer FIRST Programme. People‟s participation was assessed maximum in resource analysis and planning stage followed by other stages of Farmer FIRST Programme. The impact of farmer FIRST Programme was assessed by comparing the response of respondents from adopted and non-adopted village towards some common agricultural and animal husbandry practices. The adoption level of agricultural practices, adoption level of animal husbandry practices of respondents from FFP adopted village was found higher as compare to respondents from non-adopted village. It was also concluded that farmers had perceived a positive impact of FF programme on their economical aspects. The study revealed that selected independent variables i.e. education, socio-economic status, extension contact, mass-media exposure, , risk orientation, economic motivation and farming with the respondents from FFP adopted village, the results showed the positive relationship with adoption of crops and animal husbandry practices as compare to the respondents from non-adopted village. The constraint analysis revealed that lack of co-operation among farmers, local political interference, lack of clear understanding of project objectives, non-availability of funds at proper time, irregularity in payment of wages, insufficient staff to carry out the project successfully, lack of co-operation from village panchayat in implementing the project, lack of interest in learning new skills by farmers, decisions made at higher level without consulting people, lack of proper monitoring and follow up of the project and lack of demonstration were the main constraints perceived by the respondents as serious to very serious constraints in implication of farmer FIRTS programme.ThesisItem Open Access A study of soil health management practices for sustainable agriculture(CCSHAU, 2019) Pawan Kumar; Shehrawat, P.S.The present study aims at dealing with the farmers‟ awareness towards soil health, causes responsible for soil degradation, constraints, training needs of farmers and strategies for keeping the soil healthy and sound. The study was conducted in Haryana state. Haryana is divided into two Agro-Climatic zones such as North Eastern Zone and South Western Zone. From each zone two districts were selected purposively viz. Kurukshetra and Karnal from North-Eastern zone and Bhiwani and Rewari from South-Western zone. Further two blocks Thanesar and Babain from Kurukshetra; Karnal and Indri from Karnal; Siwani and Kairu from Bhiwani; and Khol and Bawal from Rewari were selected purposively having highest nutrient deficiency and 30 respondents will be selected randomly from each block. Thus, a total of 240 farmers were interviewed for this study. Majority of respondents (72.92%) belonged to productive age group and acquired education (90.00%) up to post graduate. Majority of the farmers had land holding up to 5 acres with rice-wheat (50.00%) cropping system. Majority of the respondents had low to medium level of mass media exposure and extension contact. It was observed that farmers‟ were well aware about soil texture, canal water is best for crops, nearest soil and water testing laboratory, SHC helps to indicate the soil health, zero tillage reduce the field preparatory, labor and fuel cost, timely irrigation enhance crop yield, INM increase the crop yield, excess pesticides use hazards, weed competes for light, water and nutrients etc., IFS helps to reduce the cost of production, crop diversification helps to reduce risk of crop failures, water harvesting reduces soil erosion, compost and vermin compost is best for vegetable crops, agro forestry provide healthy environment and extra income and organic farming reduces input cost. The major causes responsible for soil degradation were excessive use of chemical fertilizers and straw burning. Lack of soil and water testing facilities, inputs, high fertilizer cost, lack of knowledge about ETL, optimum climatic condition for biological agents, high rate of interest, lack of training and educational facilities, deteriorate of water quality in water harvesting, non-availability of earthworms, small and fragmented land holding, lack of interest among respondents due to long duration of returns were the major constraints in soil health management practices. The major training needs of farmers in crop residue management and in-situ residue management. The application of gypsum for sodic soil, land leveling, land use configuration and contour farming for sloppy land were found the most effective remedies for keeping the soil healthy and sound.ThesisItem Open Access Livelihood security of small and marginal farm families in Hisar division of Haryana State(CCSHAU, 2018) Preeti; Kaushik, SushmaThe present study was conducted in Hisar division of Haryana state. Two districts i.e. Bhiwani and Hisar were selected randomly. One block from each district and two villages from each block were selected randomly. Seventy five small and marginal farm families from each selected village were drawn randomly for making a total of 300 respondents. Data regarding dependent and independent variables were collected with the help of pre tested interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency; percentage weighted mean score and Pearson‟s coefficient of correlation. Results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to 35-50 years of age, were educated upto secondary, belonged to OBC caste, having nuclear families with medium family size and had farming as their main occupation. Majority of them had no social participation, used high localite sources, medium cosmopolite sources and high mass media exposure for obtaining information. Majority of farmers followed double cropping pattern with medium cropping intensity. All were grown grain crops and cash crops. Human capital, social capital and financial capital were found to be of medium level. Physical capital was found high while natural capital was found medium in Bhiwani district and it was found low in Hisar district. Food security index in both the districts was found to be quite high (76.00 and 73.2%). Shelter/water and sanitation security, access to institutions, economic security and health security were found to be of moderate level, but the nutritional security index was found to be less than 50 per cent. Farm families faced small land size, lack of capital, no timely procurement, doesn‟t have good quality of seeds and fertilizers are main livelihood problems. A video film was developed on „Poshan Suraksha‟ by using standard procedure. Effectiveness of VCD was assessed in terms of audio, visual quality, content importance and presentation of message and it was perceived high on all the parameters by all the judges. Family size, family education status, occupation and annual income was positively and significantly correlated with all livelihood capital expect natural capital. Family education status, occupation and annual income were positively and significantly correlated with all the livelihood securities.
