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20064
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Subject: Extension Education × End date: 2006 × Start date: 2006 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Knowledge and constraints in adoption of organic farming in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Munir Hussain Naik; Srivastava, S.R.
    This explanatory study was conducted in Haryana state of India with the sample of eighty organic farmers. The main objectives of the study were (i) To know the nature and extent of adoption of organic farming in Haryana; (ii) To study the knowledge level of organic farming practice in Haryana and (iii) To identify the constraints faced by farmers in adoption of organic farming. Organic farmers were found with middle to young age, well educated, medium level of family education, higher mass media exposure, low level of social participation. Majority of them had medium level of risk bearing capacity, economic motivation and innovativeness. More than half of the respondents had medium level of adoption of organic farming practices. Near about half of the farmers had high knowledge very few of them had low knowledge and remaining had medium level of knowledge about organic farming practices. Factors like education, mass media exposure, social participation, risk bearing capacity, innovativeness were found significantly associated with the adoption of organic farming practices. While, education, mass media exposure and innovativeness were positively and significantly related to the knowledge level when examined through correlation test. All the nine variables were fitted in regression equation of their adoption level and knowledge level with total variation about 0.72 and 0.79 per cent of organic farmers, respectively. Lack of knowledge among farmers and absence of govt. policies and programmes were found as main barriers in the development of organic farming in the state. Besides this, non-availability of package of practices on organic farming technology, low yield of crops, high cost of labour during peak seasons, low prices of organic products in local market, lack of co-ordination between various services, supply and marketing agencies were perceived as major constraint. At present the adoption rate is very slow in the state and thus demanding a greater attention at government and community level. A state wide organic awareness campaign is essential to change the attitude of producers and consumers both, encourage them to go for “organic farming”.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Adoption and constraints in mango cultivation
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Manmohan Singh; Godara, A.K.
    Mango occupies a place of pride both in acreage and production among various fruit crops grown in the Haryana state. However, its productivity is low in comparison to other mango growing states. Despite the fact that many factors and conditions affect the low productivity of mango, the focus of the present study was to determine the adoption level of mango growers, study their constraints and make suggestions with regards to the adoption of recommended technology for mango production. Following were the specific objectives of the present study: 1 To assess the knowledge level of farmers regarding mango cultivation. 2. To determine the adoption status of recommended package of practices for mango production. 3. To find out the constraints encountered by farmers in the adoption of recommended package of practices for mango production. 4. To determine the relationship between the personality traits of farmers and their adoption status regarding mango production. The study was conducted in Yamunanager and Panchkula districts of Haryana having maximum area under mango culivation. Proportionate random sampling technique was used for the selection of blocks and -Vrespondents. The data were analysed by using scientific procedures and techniques. The findings revealed that the mango grower in general had higher level of adoption on the recommendation which were traditionally known and not difficult to understand. The respondents had an over all medium level of adoption of mango production technology. Background variables such as land holding, socio-economic status, extension contact, mass media exposure and innovativeness had significant relationship with adoption level of mango growers. Non-availability of quality inputs, high cost of insecticides/pesticides, and fungicides, ominus attack of plant diseases, absence or scarcity of agro-processing units, lack of marketing facilities, lack of knowledge of current advances for mango production and self marketing were the most important constraints in the adoption of improved technology as reported by majority of respondents Some important suggestions for the higher and quick adoption of scientific cultivation of mango technology were; providing technical guidance, making provision for financial assistance to the farmer to meet expenses on inputs, availability of quality inputs at village/block level and at reasonable price, provision of cold storage facilities, literature regarding recommended mango cultivation practices made available in local languages. Organising demonstration to educate and convince the mango growers on recommended mango production technology. The study thus concludes that the extension agency follow a systematic, well planned and coordinated approach for improving the adoption status of mango growers and providing remedies to their constraints.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Training needs of beekeepers in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Vishal Rania; Nasib Singh
    The present study was carried out to determine the training needs of beekeepers in Haryana. In addition to this, relationship of training needs with beekeeper’s ‘antecedent’ variables was also analyzed. Data was collected from one hundred and twenty respondents from two purposively selected districts. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were of young to middle age and they had medium level of family education, socio-economic status, mass media exposure, risk bearing capacity, innovativeness, land holding and low extension contact. Training needs of beekeepers regarding protection from bee pests, diseases and the business of bees was of high level. Selection of site and equipment was found to be less preferred training areas by the respondents. Socio-economic status, innovativeness and risk bearing capacity were negatively and significantly correlated with training needs of beekeepers. In addition to these variables, mass media exposure was also negatively and significantly correlated with training needs in case of landless beekeepers. Lack of knowledge about diseases, pests/predators control in beekeeping, unorganized market of hive products in the state, lack of proper adequate efforts by State Department of Agriculture for bringing about coordination between various supply, services and marketing agencies, low yield of hive products and lack of training facilities at district level were the major constraints in the adoption of beekeeping.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effectiveness of communication channels in the adoption of farm practices
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Devinder Singh; Malik, Joginder S.
    Improved and effective communication is a crucial requirement for sustainable agricultural development and is directly related to social and economic development. While transferring improved agricultural practices, the research and client systems represent two separate social systems, each having its own peculiar characteristics, set of norms, values, languages and communication behaviour. The extension system is a link between these two and if this system is not properly equipped, it may lead to serious communication gap resulting in yield reduction. The effective communication system based on specific communication requirements of farmers has to cope with several constraints faced by the farmers for sustainability in the paddy/cotton-wheat cropping system. This would mean to identify and disseminate sustainable paddy/cotton-wheat production technologies through appropriate compatible communication channels. The study was conducted in two blocks, namely, Hisar-II and Thanesar from Hisar and Kurukshetra districts respectively. A total of 100 respondents from four villages, two from each block were selected randomly. The selected communication channels were mass media, group discussions, meetings, demonstrations, personal contact and indirect influence. The selected improved practices were use of improved seed, fertilizer application, green manuring and plant protection measures. The background variables of respondents were studied to find the degree of influence on their behaviour. A majority of respondents belonged to young age category (49.00 per cent), having educational level upto matric (66.00 per cent), high caste (92.00 per cent), joint family type (68.00 per cent) and large family size, above five members (64.00 per cent). The respondents were in a comfortable position as most of them were in the large holding size group (46.00 per cent). The degree of enthusiasm of respondents for social participation varied and is lacking i.e., majority had not participated in the activities of social organizations (69.00 per cent) like panchayats, cooperatives etc. Since farming was their role occupation, hence monthly income was low. The respondents were distributed in three categories, according to their extent of adoption. The majority belonged to partial-adopters category (45.25 per cent) followed by non-adopters (42.75 per cent) and then full-adopters (12.00 per cent). Regarding the comparative effectiveness of communication channels, indirect influence leads (47.68 per cent) followed by demonstrations (19.11 per cent). Personal contact and group discussions through A.D.Os. were at par (11.32 per cent) and 11.09 per cent) respectively. This was followed by meetings (5.49 per cent) and mass media (5.31 per cent). The mass media and meetings were effective at the initial stages of adoption, i.e., awareness and interest, whereas others were at evaluation and trial stages of adoption. In all the selected practices indirect influence showed high effectiveness percentage except in green manuring practice where demonstrations by A.D.Os. have shown high effectiveness (45.85 per cent). While analyzing the overall critical constraints faced by the respondents in the non-adoption of improved farm practices in paddy/cotton-wheat cropping system. It was found that lack of technical guidance, high cost of inputs, lack of irrigation facilities, unawareness about the incidence of pests-diseases and their control were the major constraints of concern to respondents. The suggestions based on findings of the study are that the characteristics of farmers along with particular practices need to be taken into account while formulating extension strategies. Conducting demonstrations at farmers’ fields for increasing adoption of green manuring in the paddy/cotton-wheat cropping system is must. Strengthening of irrigation facilities and awareness regarding the seeds of green manuring crops is also stressed in this study. It is, therefore, recommended that a target approach in imparting technological education to the farmers belonging to different socio-economic sections of the society is likely to be more effective. The pattern of land holdings strengthened the case for target approach in providing technical education for agricultural development