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Theses

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2012 - 20162
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Subject: Extension Education × Author: Sindhu, Nitu × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Agricultural waste utilization in diversified agriculture
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Sindhu, Nitu; Shehrawat, P.S.
    This study was conducted to develop strategies for managing the enormous waste generated from agriculture. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state namely, Hisar and Sonipat, From each district two blocks were selected randomly, from each block three villages were selected and from each village, ten farmers were selected randomly. Thus, total one hundred twenty farmers were selected and interviewed with the help of well structured schedule. The interview schedule was divided into three categories i.e. awareness, utilization and benefits. Findings of the personal profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the farmers were of middle age group (36-50 years), educated up to metric, belonged to joint family with 4-6 members, performed only farming and had land holing up to 5 acres. Result pertaining to awareness indicated that awareness about the utilization of biogas plant waste, mushroom waste, wheat waste, mustard and horticultural waste was more than 70 percent. Awareness about utilization of paddy waste, sugarcane waste, cotton waste, floricultural wastes, poultry waste and livestock waste was between 50 to 60 percent. Utilization of biogas plant waste and mushroom waste was very high. Utilization of livestock waste, poultry waste and mushroom waste was medium. Utilization of horticultural wastes, floricultural wastes and cotton waste was low and utilization of wheat crop waste, paddy crop waste and sugarcane crop waste was very low. Thus, overall awareness about utilization of agricultural waste was very high but utilization of agricultural waste by the farmers was very less. Results pertaining to benefits to farmers after utilization of agricultural waste revealed that most of the farmers were benefited in very ordinary ways like high milk yield, addition income by selling waste to brick yards, reduced expenditure on chemical fertilizers, reduced waste available for disposal, clean and safe environment, etc. Very few farmers were employed as there were very few employment opportunities in villages. Employment opportunities will increase if industries like processing units for making value added products, handicrafts industries for making bags, mats, hats, carpets, etc., handmade paper industry, development of waste collection centers in villages and others are developed in villages. Thus there is need to develop village level industries and motivate farmers to systematically manage their waste in order to make valuable products from them. Systematic utilization of agricultural wastes will not only benefit the individual farmer but also the society, environment and government.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of agrochemicals on human health and environment
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Sindhu, Nitu; Malik, Joginder Singh
    Agrochemicals have played a significant role in producing large quantity of food for today’s hungry world and a significant portion of the applied agrochemicals are lost in the environment where they adversely affect human health and environment. The present study entitled “Impact of agrochemicals on human health and environment” was conducted in Haryana state by interviewing 120 farmers in order to study the awareness, perception and impact of agrochemicals on human health and environment. It was found that most of the farmers were of middle age group, educated up to matric. Majority of the farmers had their main occupation as farming with land holding of 1 to 5 acres, high proneness to change and medium level of scientific orientation was observed along with low extension contact and mass media exposure. The study further revealed that most of the farmers applied agrochemicals according to dealer’s prescription also before infestation on their crops and applied pesticides very frequently i.e. once a week. It was also noticed that only about 3% of the farmers wore mask, gloves, boots and full sleeves shirt and pants while spraying. The awareness level was found very high about residual effect of pesticides in soil, water, air, food and dairy products was observed. It was surprising that none of the farmers were aware of the antidotes to different agrochemicals. A positive and significant correlation was exhibited with agrochemicals used and their storage. The study also revealed that very high percentage of farmers suffered from skin and eye diseases as compared to respiratory and digestive diseases. Beside acute diseases significant number of people also suffered from various chronic disease viz. physical disabilities, fluctuations in blood pressure, learning disability, attention deficit hyperactivity dysfunction, heart blockage, mental disability, miscarriages and developmental delay. All the farmers showed their consent regarding alternate agricultural practices like green manuring, poultry litter, organic manure, compost/ vermicompost, spent compost, biogas slurry and ash to replace the currently used chemical fertilizers. It was also observed that use of insect resistant plants, genetically modified plants, neem products, alcohol, pest repellent plants and other indigenous techniques were observed to be most effective alternative to replace chemicals pesticides based on farmers responses. Organic farming, protected cultivation, integrated pest management, crop rotation, cowpathy, integrated farming system, companion farming and vertical farming were also reported by respondents as alternate agricultural practices for shifting from chemical farming to ecofriendly agriculture.