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ThesisItem Open Access Livelihood security of small and marginal farm families in Hisar division of Haryana State(CCSHAU, 2018) Preeti; Kaushik, SushmaThe present study was conducted in Hisar division of Haryana state. Two districts i.e. Bhiwani and Hisar were selected randomly. One block from each district and two villages from each block were selected randomly. Seventy five small and marginal farm families from each selected village were drawn randomly for making a total of 300 respondents. Data regarding dependent and independent variables were collected with the help of pre tested interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency; percentage weighted mean score and Pearson‟s coefficient of correlation. Results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to 35-50 years of age, were educated upto secondary, belonged to OBC caste, having nuclear families with medium family size and had farming as their main occupation. Majority of them had no social participation, used high localite sources, medium cosmopolite sources and high mass media exposure for obtaining information. Majority of farmers followed double cropping pattern with medium cropping intensity. All were grown grain crops and cash crops. Human capital, social capital and financial capital were found to be of medium level. Physical capital was found high while natural capital was found medium in Bhiwani district and it was found low in Hisar district. Food security index in both the districts was found to be quite high (76.00 and 73.2%). Shelter/water and sanitation security, access to institutions, economic security and health security were found to be of moderate level, but the nutritional security index was found to be less than 50 per cent. Farm families faced small land size, lack of capital, no timely procurement, doesn‟t have good quality of seeds and fertilizers are main livelihood problems. A video film was developed on „Poshan Suraksha‟ by using standard procedure. Effectiveness of VCD was assessed in terms of audio, visual quality, content importance and presentation of message and it was perceived high on all the parameters by all the judges. Family size, family education status, occupation and annual income was positively and significantly correlated with all livelihood capital expect natural capital. Family education status, occupation and annual income were positively and significantly correlated with all the livelihood securities.ThesisItem Open Access Inter generation media habits of urban respondents(CCSHAU, 2017) Preeti; Kaushik, SushmaThe study was conducted in the Hisar city of Haryana State. Two localities were selected randomly viz. Sector-15 A and Jawahar Nagar. Out of each selected locality, 20 respondents each from different age categories i.e. 16-30 years, >30-45 years, >45-60 years and above 60 years were selected randomly. A set of nine independent variables including socio –economic and personal profile and three dependent variable were taken namely media ownership& access, media preferences and media habits. The study revealed that cent percent respondents had TV and mobile phone and majority of the respondents had newspaper (97.5%), computer (84.3%), and internet connection (89.3%) in their households. Mobile was the first preference of all age categories except above 60 age group who preferred TV at first place. The study also revealed that TV was the most preferred source of news for almost all age groups except above 60 age group who preferred newspaper. In 16-30 and >30-45 age group, internet was the most preferred source of entertainment and information. Most of the respondents gave preference to serials followed by news/politics and movies. Majority, of the respondents did multitasking while watching T V like eating (87.2%) and texting (63.9%). Almost all respondents used mobile for making/receiving call, listen music and social media. Majority of the respondents had profile on social media in all age categories 16-30 (97.5%), >30-45 (72.5%), >45-60 year (70%). Newspaper was perceived as most reliable media in all four age categories. 35.6 per cent of the respondents watched TV for 1-2 hours, while, majority of the respondents used their mobile phone 2-3 hours a day. Regarding, newspaper most of the respondents read newspaper less than 30 minutes in a day. Most of 16-30 and >30-45 years respondents were likely to miss plans due to smart phone, had hard time concentrating, were constantly checking smartphone, using smart phone longer and said that they felt impatient when not holding phone. Regarding smart phone addiction, 16-30 and >30-45 age groups had high addiction towards mobile/internet while >45-60 and above 60 age groups respondents had medium addiction. The overall mean scores of opinion towards TV across various age category indicated that 16-30 years respondents had positive opinion about TV while all other categories had mixed feelings and neutral opinion. While, respondents from all age categories had neutral opinion about radio. Among the respondents of 16-30 years and >30-45 years had positive opinion about mobile phone while the other two categories had neutral opinion. The overall mean scores revealed that respondents of all age categories had positive opinion towards the internet, maximum score obtained by 16-30 years age group. The respondents of 45-60 and above 60 age categories had positive opinion for print media, whereas the other two category had neutral opinion. Age, type of family, size of family were negatively and significantly related with media control while education and family income were positively and significantly associated. Further, Age, education and family income were positively and significantly associated with print media utilization. Age and size of family were negatively and significantly related while education, occupation, income of respondents and family income were positively and significantly related with social networking media at 0.05% level of significance.