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Open Access
Effect of biorationals and weeding on management of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in cotton
(CCSHAU, 2019) Amit; Dalip Kumar
The present study was carried out during Kharif 2018 at Biocontrol Laboratory and Research Farm, Cotton Research Station, Sirsa. Mean adult population (adults/leaf) peaked twice during the study i.e. in 29th (8.01 and 8.82/ leaf) and 35th SMW (8.96 and 10.89 / leaf) whereas, whitefly nymphs peaked in 34th SMW (20.12 and 23.21/leaf) in non-weedy and weedy habitat respectively. White fly population (nymphs and adult) had a non-significant positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. Adult population in non-weedy habitat was significantly negatively correlated with rainfall (r = -0.502) and wind speed (r = -0.515) whereas nymphal population showed non-significant negative correlation. Regression analysis revealed that influence of weather parameters was high and significant on whitefly adults (R2=0.86) and nymphal (R2=0.57) population. Maximum mortality of adults and nymphs (among biorationals) after 1st spray in non-weedy (66.76 and 60.65 per cent mean mortality in adult and nymphal population, respectively) as well as weedy habitat (56.77 and 55.54 per cent mean mortality in adult and nymphal population, respectively) was observerd in nimbicidine 300 ppm treatment. Efficacy Nimbicidine 300 ppm on whitefly adults was followed by Verticillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and after 2nd spray the same trend was observed. Among the entomopathogenic fungi, V. lecanii was found more effective against whitefly adults whereas M. anisopliae caused higher mortality in nymphal population. Parasitisation of whitefly nymphs by aphelenid wasp, Encarsia spp. ranged from 2.63 to 28.51 per cent in non-weedy habitat and from 3.85 to 35.75 per cent in weedy habitat and peak parasitization was observed in 41st SMW in both habitats. Parasitization showed non-significant negative and positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity, respectively. Parasitization was at weak correlation with rainfall. Weather parameters cumulatively caused 74.0 and 66.0 per cent change in nymphal parasitization in non-weedy and weedy habitats, respectively. All biorationals were found safe for Encarsia sp. Parasitization, however V. lecanii showed highest and Nimbecidine 300 ppm lowest mean parasitisation after both spray. Highest cotton yield (kg/acre) among the biorationals in weedy as well as non-weedy, was obtained with Nimbecidine 300 ppm treatment (768.26 and 642.00 kg/ acre in weedy and non-weedy habitat respectively) followed by V. lecanii (741.02 and 621.28 kg/acre) lowest yield was obtained in control plots (603.16 and 536.24 kg/acre).
Open Access
Nectar secretion rhythms and foraging behaviour of honey bees in early sown rapeseed-mustard genotypes
(CCSHAU, 2019) Poonam; Yadav, S.S.
The present study was carried out on six early sown genotypes of rapeseed-mustard at Research Area of Oilseeds Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2018. A total of 17 insect species visited flowers of early sown genotypes viz., 9 Hymenopterans, 3 Dipterans, 4 Lepidopterans, and 1 Coleopteran. The abundance (bees/m2/5 min) of A. florea was highest (8.5) followed by A. mellifera (3.9), A. dorsata (3.6) and A. cerana (3.1). Abundance of bee species was maximum (5.6 bees/m2/5 min) in genotypes TH 68 and SANGAM. A. cerana foraged maximum number of flowers per minute (18.20) followed by A. dorsata (17.57), A. mellifera (17.32) and A. florea (6.45). Foraging rate (flowers/min) of all bee species was maximum (14.98 and 14.90) in genotypes TH 68 and SANGAM. Time spent per flower (sec) was maximum (5.3) by A. florea followed by A. dorsata (1.7), A. mellifera (1.6) and A. cerana indica (1.3). The maximum time spent per flower by all bee species (2.6) was in genotype PDZ 9. Nectar or pollen gatherers were maximum in A. dorsata (37.8% and 25.6%, respectively), while both nectar and pollen gatherers were maximum in A. cerana (45.3%). Nectar foraging, pollen foraging and both nectar and pollen foraging was maximum at peak flowering (36.0%), peak flowering (23.8%) and flowering cessation (42.9%), respectively. Out of the total foragers, top workers were maximum in A. dorsata (97.8%), while side workers were maximum in A. florea (41.0%). Based on flowering phenology, TH 68 genotype was the earliest (33.7 and 85.3 DAS) while RH 725 was the latest (39.7 and 91.7 DAS) to initiate and cease flowering. The flower morphological parameters of different genotypes i.e. mean flower length and breadth varied from 1.40-1.53 cm and 1.61-1.79 cm respectively, flower color was bright yellow, corolla and calyx length ranged from 0.84-0.88 cm and 0.56-0.61 cm respectively, ovary dimensions (length and breadth) were in the range 3.68-3.76 and 2.14-2.18 mm in different genotypes. Mean amount of Dry Nectar Sugar varied from 0.77-0.82 mg, 0.79- 85 mg and 0.61-0.69 mg per flower at flowering initiation, peak and cessation respectively and the genotypes TH 68 and SANGAM were consistently superior nectar-sugar producers throughout the study. Total Soluble Solids of flower nectar (or total sugar content in %) varied from 14.8 % to 38.2 %. The energy reward in studied genotypes varied from 12.9-13.7, 13.2-14.3 and 10.2-11.5 joules per flower during flowering initiation, peak and cessation respectively.
Open Access
Biology, population dynamics and management of Tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) on Castor
(CCSHAU, 2019) Deepak; Yadav, Satyapal
The Present studies entitled “Biology, population dynamics and management of Tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura, Fabricius) on Castor” were carried out during Kharif, 2018. Biology of the S. litura was studied in laboratory of Department of Entomology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Total life cycle of S. litura varied from 21 to 37 days with an average period of 34.85 ± 3.44 days with a male-female ratio of 1:1.4 and adult emergence percentage was 86.66 per cent. Population dynamics of the insect pests and management of S. litura was carried out at the research farm of the Regional Research Station, Bawal. Castor semilooper was first observed during second week of August and continued to infest castor crop up to mid of October with a peak population of 6.0 larvae per plant during last week of August. The incidence of S. litura started during first week of September and continued up to first week of November with peak population level of 3.4 larvae per plant during second week of October. The infestation of D. punctiferalis initiated from third week of October and last till second week of March with a peak infestation of 12.20 per cent during second week of December. The infestation of capsule borer was positively significantly correlated with maximum temperature and showed highly positive significant correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.775**). The attack of E. flaviscens started from second week of October to third week of February with a peak population 16.2 nymph/3 leaves/plant during first week of November. The incidence of E. flavescens showed highly positive significant correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.913 **). Experiment on management of S. litura was conducted at RRS, Bawal and revealed that after first spray it was observed that among all the treatments standard check (Quinalphos 300g a.i. per ha) was most effective against S. litura while among bio-pesticides NPV- Sl 350 LE/ha was most effective and at par with treatment Bt var. kurstaki @2kg/ha. The least effective treatment was Neem oil 5% (crude oil) followed at par by NSKE 5 %.
Open Access
Ecofriendly management and screening of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Khin Thanda Min; Verma, Tarun
Field studies on “Ecofriendly management and screening of mungbean, Vigna radiata L. genotypes against whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius” was carried out during the Kharif, 2018. The minimum and maximum population of whitefly nymph observed in MH 318 and MH 1315 (2.20, 11.68 whitefly nymph /3 leaves/plant) respectively. The minimum and maximum populations of whitefly adults were observed on genotype MH 318 and MH 1413 (13.65, 32.98 whitefly/plant), respectively. The activity of whitefly nymphs and adults reached its peaks at 35DAS (32th SMW means 2nd week of August). Maximum grain yield was obtained in genotype MH 1467 (575.0 kg/ha) and lowest yield was observed in genotype Basanti (152.78 kg/ha). Correlation of whitefly with the maximum, minimum temperature and sunshine hours was positive and significant, while negative and non-significant with evening relative humidity in different genotypes screened. Biorational spray on variety MH 421 was done which indicated minimum whitefly adult population in Neem oil 2% (crude) (T4) in first spray. However, during second spray minimum whitefly adult (7.00 whitefly adults/plant) were recorded in T2 (NSKE 5% aqueous extract). Neem oil 2% (crude) (T4) was found most effective (12.38 whitefly adults/plant) treatment on the basis of overall mean of first and second spray. Maximum grain yield (259.26 kg/ha) was obtained in T1 (NSKE 5% Methanolic extract) which was at par with T2 NSKE 5% (Aqueous extract): (217.41kg/ha) andT4 Neem oil 2% (crude): (221.11 kg/ha). Correlation between whitefly and weather factors was exhibited significantly positive with maximum temperature (r=0.843), negative correlated with relative humidity (r =-743) and rainfall (r=-747). The populations of tobacco caterpillar were significantly positive correlated with the minimum temperature (r=0.810) and negatively correlated with the relative humidity(r=-0.275). Correlation between maximum temperature, minimum temperature with spotted pod borer was found positive (r= 0.445, 0.207), while it was negative with the relative humidity and rainfall (r= -0.336, -0.471) (r= - 0.269) respectively.
Open Access
Biology, biometrics and management of melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq.) on bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L.
(CCSHAU, 2019) Somashekhar V Gaddanakeri; Rolania, Krishna
Investigations were carried out on biology and biometrics of melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae on bitter gourd, monitoring of B. cucurbitae using para-pheromone traps and integrated approach to manage this pest in bitter gourd crop during, 2018 at CCS HAU, Hisar. Studies on biology and biometrics of melon fruit fly revealed that the average number of eggs laid by a female were 87.8±8.61. The freshly laid eggs of melon fruit fly were pure white in colour and elliptical in shape with mean length and breadth of 1.22±0.07 and 0.23±0.04 mm, respectively. Duration of incubation and oviposition period varied between 16.30±4.85 days and 18±6.32 hours, respectively. The first, second and third instar maggot measured on an average 1.54±0.28, 6.10±0.82 and 9.29±0.80 mm in length and 0.29±0.07, 1.19±0.11 and 2.04±0.23 mm in breadth, respectively. The mature maggots contracted longitudinally to attain pre-pupal stage. The average length and breadth of pre-pupa was 6.41±0.15 and 2.03±0.04 mm, respectively. Duration of maggot and prepupal period was 5.80±0.78 and 0.70±0.20 days, respectively. The puparium was found to be barrel shaped with a black dot on the posterior portion and measured on an average 5.98±0.38 and 2.54±0.14 mm in length and breadth with duration of 6.90±0.87 days. Longevity of adult male melon fly varied from 18-31 days and 20-33 days for females when fed with 5% honey solution. Total life period of male fruit fly ranged from 30 to 46 days with a mean of 36.2±5.77 days. In case of female fruit fly total life period was slightly longer ranging from 32 to 50 days with a mean of 40.4±6.24 days. Adult flies were moderate in size, reddish brown with lemon yellow markings on thorax with spotted wings. The average length and breadth (with expanded wings) of male was 8.41±0.24 and 11.35±0.90 mm, whereas, the female measured on an average 9.74±0.22 mm in length and 15.61±0.75 mm in breadth (with expanded wings). Sex ratio in B. cucurbitae was recorded as 1:0.84 (male:female). Studies on monitoring of fruit fly with para-pheromone trap revealed that the maximum number of fruit flies (on average 9.5 to 40.5 flies/trap) was observed in the month of September to first fortnight of October with a peak of 40.5 flies/trap during 37th standard meteorological week. Maximum temperature (r = 0.611*), morning relative humidity (0.590*) and rainfall (0.747**) had significant positive correlation with trap catches population of melon fruit fly. The present findings also revealed that the influence of all weather parameters was high and significant on trap catches population of the adult male melon fruit fly (R2=0.76). Efficacy of various treatments against melon fruit fly revealed that malathion + jaggery @ 2 ml + 3 g/litre of water showed significantly lowest fruit infestation (14.83%) and maggot population per infested fruit (2.31 maggots/fruit) as compared to other treatments. The fruit yield (8.61 t/ha) was also significantly higher in this when compared to the remaining treatments.
Open Access
Studies on screening of genotypes and effect of different dates of sowing on incidence of major insect pests of castor
(CCSHAU, 2019) Puneet; Balbir Singh
The present investigations entitled “Studies on screening of genotypes and effect of different dates of sowing on incidence of major insect pests of castor” were conducted during 2018-19 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal. Twelve genotypes were screened against four major insect pests of castor- leafhopper, Empoasca flavescens; castor shoot and capsule borer, Dichicrocis punctiferalis; castor semilooper, Acanthodelta janata and tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura. The genotype Maharaja 9 was found superior due to minimum incidence of all these insects as well as maximum yield. The incidence of these insects was also observed on six different dates of sowing on castor hybrid DCH 177. The crop sown on 20th May exhibited maximum incidence of D. punctiferalis and S. litura but yield was lowest among all sowing dates. Sowing done on 3rd August suffered maximum infestation of E. flavescens and A. janata. Sowing done on 4th July, 2018 was moderately damaged by insect pests and maximum yield was recorded in this sowing as well. The peak infestation level of E. flavescens was noticed during 44th SMW, whereas the maximum capsule damage by D. punctiferalis was recorded during 50th SMW. The peak population of A. janata and S. litura was noticed in 35th to 37th SMW and 39th to 41st SMW, respectively. Evening relative humidity exhibited a negative and significant correlation with populations of E. flavescens (r = -0.744) and D. punctiferalis (r = -0.732) both. The larval population of A. janata had a positive and significant correlation with rainfall (r = 0.710). The population of S. litura showed a positive and significant correlation with bright sunshine hours (r = 0.830).
Open Access
Studies on efficacy and residue of Chlorantraniliprole against Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner) in tomato
(CCSHAU, 2019) Soniya; Yadav, S.S.
Field studies on efficacy and residue of chlorantraniliprole against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in tomato were conducted at Research Farm, Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi 2018-19. Results showed that larval population of H. armigera remained active in field from 9th to 21st SMW and reached to maximum (5.05 larvae/ plant) during 17th SMW. Aphid incidence was started from 9th SMW (first week of March) and reached a peak population (23.26 aphids /3 leaves) during 4th week of March (12th SMW). Whitefly and leaf miner population attained a peak population during 3rd week of April (16th SMW) and 2nd week of April (15th SMW), respectively. Correlation studies larval population exhibits a significant positive correlation with maximum (r= 0.741) and minimum temperature (r= 0.667) whereas highly significant negative correlation with morning and evening relative humidity (r = -0.798, -688), respectively. Aphid population showed a highly significant negative correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature and wind velocity (r= -0.874, -0.924 and r= -0.735), respectively but it was highly significantly positively correlated with morning relative humidity (r=0.796) and evening relative humidity (r=0.736). While, whitefly and leaf miner showed a significant negative correlation with morning and evening relative humidity but significant positive correlation with temperature. Results on efficacy revealed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC was most effective with minimum number of mean larval population which was significantly differed from all other treatment than ascending order of insecticide having larval population was indoxacarb 14.5 SC>flubendiamide 20 WG>novaluron 10 EC> lambda cyahalothrin 2.5 EC and quinalphos 25 EC. Per cent Fruit infestation data revealed that lowest fruit infestation on number basis was recorded in chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 11.50 per cent fruit infestation which was significantly differ from all other treatments, followed by flubendiamide 20 WG and indoxacarb 14.5 SC which recorded 14.20 and 14.75 per cent infestation, respectively. Dissipation of chlorantraniliprole in tomato fruits followed first order kinetics with half-life period of 1.57 and 1.98 days at single (30 g.a.i./ ha) and double doses (60 g.a.i./ ha) respectively. Chlorantraniliprole applied at 50% fruiting stage, residues reached to LOQ (Limit of Quantification) of 0.01 after 10th and 20th day at single (T1) and double doses (T2) respectively with no residue in soil collected at time of harvest in both doses. MAJOR
Open Access
Studies on biology, varietal screening and management of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on mung bean
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sonu Kumari; Yadav, S.S.
A laboratory experiment was conducted on “Studies on biology, varietal screening and management of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on mung bean” at Storage Laboratory in Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar during 2018-19. The biology of pulse beetle, C. chinensis was studied on mung bean variety MH 421. The study on the biology of pulse beetle, C. chinensis showed that total developmental period (egg to adult) was 32.73 ± 2.96 days. The eggs of C. chinensis were oval and planoconvex in appearance. Freshly laid eggs are smooth, translucent and white in colour. Average female and male ratio was recorded as 0.83:1.21 indicating little dominance of male over female population. Out of the ten varieties of mung bean screened for their ovipositional preference, population growth, grain loss and weight loss by the pulse beetle, C. chinensis. Pusa Ratna was the least preferred variety by pulse beetle, C. chinensis (L.) while SML 668 was most preferred variety. The population growth of C. chinensis was found highest in variety SML 668 (414.50 adults) whereas lowest was found in Pusa Ratna (251.83 adults). Pusa Ratna and Basanti had lowest grain damage (34.82 % and 36.57 %, respectively) with minimum loss in weight (15.31 % and 17.27%, respectively). SML 668 and Pusa Vishal had highest grain damage (49.04 % and 46.93%, respectively) with maximum loss in weight (30.52 % and 27.09 %, respectively).The management practices comprising seed protectants were evaluated against pulse beetle, C. chinensis. The treatment evaluated were neem oil, neem leaf powder, mustard oil, groundnut oil, turmeric powder, custard apple seed powder, mentha oil, lemongrass oil and control at the different dose per kg seed. Both neem leaf powder and neem oil were found most effective protectants resulted in highest adult moratilty (92.22 per cent and 90.55 per cent, respectively), lowest damage of grain and weight loss being 0.88 and 0.97 per cent and 0.68 and 0.73 per cent, respectively in both the treatments, followed by mentha oil (2.5ml/kg) and lemongrass oil (2.5 ml/kg). The seed germination per cent was observed to be highest in the treatment of neem leaf powder and neem oil. No adverse effect of seed protectants was observed on mung bean seed.
Open Access
Studies on varietal screening, biology and management of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on stored wheat
(CCSHAU, 2018) Rohit Kumar; Yadav, S.S.
The studies on rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) with reference to biology on wheat variety WH1105, screening of 15 different varieties of wheat and management through seed protectants were carried out at Storage Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, CCS HAU, Hisar during 2017. Studies on biology of S. oryzae revealed that the eggs of this species were spherical with one end pointed and another rounded, translucent and white in colour and laid singly. The average incubation period of eggs was 5.14 days. There were four larval instars and grubs were apodous, stout, short and yellowish-white in colour with brown-coloured head and pupa was soft, exarate and white to yellowish-white in colour. The average larval and pupal period varied from 28.20 to 32.20 days and an average of 29.72 days under laboratory conditions. Adult male and female lived for 32.28 and 38.46 days, respectively. The average total life cycle of S. oryzae was observed as 34.88 days. The average fecundity was recorded as 189.90 eggs per female. The oviposition period was observed as 24.80 days. Average male and female ratio was recorded as 1:1.19 indicating little dominance of female over male population. Studies on varietal screening revealed that none of the wheat variety found free from infestation of S. oryzae. However, varieties WH283, WH711, DBW17, WH1080, and WH157 were found moderately preferred. Varieties WH-2967, WH542, WH1025 and were found less preferred. Varieties WH1105, WH1124, WH1142, and C306 were least preferred and WH147 was found to be most preferred as the number of eggs, number of adults emerged, grain damage and weight loss was maximum followed by DPW62150 and PBW343. Studies on efficacy of seed protectants revealed that all the seed protectants resulted in significant difference in their effectiveness against S. oryzae. However, neem seed kernel powder, neem oil and custard apple seed powder were found very effective in controlling rice weevils followed by mustard oil, groundnut oil, mustard oil + turmeric powder and groundnut oil + turmeric powder whereas saw dust was found least effective as seed protectant followed by turmeric powder. No adverse effect of these seed protectants was observed on the germination of wheat seed at different intervals whereas the germination was observed to be maximum in the treatment of neem seed kernel powder and neem oil.

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