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ThesisItem Open Access Herbal finishes on cotton and woollen fabrics(CCSHAU, 2012) Santosh; Khambra, KrishnaThe present research was planned to study the effect of herbal finishes on cotton and woollen fabrics. To achieve the objectives proposed in the research plan, two herbs namely neem and Aloe vera were selected for finish application on cotton and wool fabrics on the bases of review of literature. Neem leaves extraction was carried out by Soxhlet extraction method and Aloe vera extraction was carried out by Maceration method. Fabrics were enzymatically scoured and finish was applied on grey as well as scoured fabrics with two concentrations (3g/l and 5g/l) of neem and Aloe vera extract with exhaust and pad dry cure method. Weight add on percent of finish was determined and SEM analyses was done for visual inspection of extract absorbed by the fabric. Finished fabrics were tested for antimicrobial activity and effectiveness of finish was also analyzed. Physical properties were examined before and after finish application. Change in physical properties regarding fabric thickness, weight, bulk, bending length, flexural rigidity, tensile strength, elongation, abrasion resistance, moisture regain and air permeability were examined and effect of washing on all these properties was investigated. It was found that percentage yield of extract was 16.76 % for neem and 9.7 % for Aloe vera extract. Maximum weight add-on percentage was observed in 5g/l neem treated scoured cotton fabric (11.60%) followed by 5g/l neem treated grey cotton fabric (11.08%). After microbial testing it was found that there was confluent lawn of growth in controlled sample. As the concentration of extract increased, bacterial reduction of all herbal treated grey samples also increased. It was 75% with 5g/l neem treated grey cotton and 95.02% with 5g/l neem treated grey wool sample. For improving antibacterial activity of fabrics, enzymatic scouring proved to be better than application on grey fabric. It was also observed that herbal treated scoured fabric samples showed very good percentage of bacterial reduction as compared to herbal treated grey fabric samples. Maximum percentage reduction was 96.80% with 5g/l neem treated scoured cotton and 96.72% with 5g/l neem treated scoured wool sample. Further, it was observed that neem treatment was more effective as compared to Aloe vera treatment in herbal treated grey samples. Herbal treated wool (95.02%) fabric samples showed very good bacterial resistance as compared to cotton fabric (75%). The effectiveness of the finish was analyzed and found that Aloe vera treated scoured cotton fabric samples (77.37%) showed the very good wash durability even after 20 washing cycles. In case of wool fabric, maximum (82.81%) wash durability of finish was found in Aloe vera treated scoured sample finished with pad dry cure method. Finished fabrics were tested for physical properties and found that fabric weight, thickness, bulk, drape coefficient, abrasion resistance, bending length, flexural rigidity and elongation, increased whereas, air permeability, tensile strength, moisture regain and wettability decreased as compared to controlled samples. Effect of washing on physical properties of finished fabrics were investigated and found that fabric weight (6.38%), thickness (18.91%), bulk (6.29%), drape coefficient (13.42%), abrasion resistance (19.29%), bending length (49.60%), flexural rigidity (30.15%) and tensile strength(29.72%) decreased whereas, air permeability (20.52%), wettability (13.83%), moisture regain (9.72%) and elongation (9.94%) increased after washing the samples as compared to unwashed samples. Major Advisor HOD Signature o