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Open Access
Studies on phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of Siris (Albizia lebbeck)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-08) Divya Devi; Sushila Singh
The present study was undertaken to analyse the phytochemicals and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Siris (Albizia lebbeck) stem bark, leaves and seed grown at Research farm, Department of Forestry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Proximate composition; chemical analysis; mineral analysis; phytochemical parameters and antioxidant activity were determined. Stem bark moisture content (7.50%), ash (3.44%), crude protein (4.67%), crude fat (11.75%), crude fiber (3.10%), total carbohydrate (69.54%), Fe content (19.44 ppm), Zn content (13.69 ppm), Mn content (1.12 ppm), Cu content (0.16 ppm), tannins (9.51 mg/g), alkaloids (1.84%). In leaves, moisture content (10.53%), ash (6.97%), crude protein (21.10%), crude fat (15.48%), crude fiber (3.86%), total carbohydrates (42.06%), Fe content (7.90 ppm), Zn content (17.56 ppm), Mn content (1.25 ppm), Cu content (0.36 ppm), tannins (6.58 mg/g), alkaloids (1.35%). In seed, moisture content (3.88%), ash (4.47%), crude protein (29.48%), crude fat (8.81%), crude fiber (6.53%), total carbohydrates (46.83%), Fe content (2.68 ppm), Zn content (7.53 ppm), Mn content (0.40 ppm), Cu content (2.81 ppm), tannins (5.99 mg/g), alkaloids (0.76%). Total phenolics (mg GAE/g) found for stem bark in methanol (219.38) was obtained to be higher followed by aqueous (161.99) and ethyl acetate (9.75) whereas in leaves total phenolics, in methanol (87.24) was found to be higher further followed by aqueous (53.32) and ethyl acetate (2.03); and in seed total phenolics, in aqueous (9.09) was found to be higher further followed by methanol (3.64) and ethyl acetate (1.41). Total flavonoids (mg CE/g) for stem bark in methanol (42.21) was found to be higher followed by aqueous (19.89) and ethyl acetate (6.70) whereas in leaves, total flavonoids was found highest in methanol (10.61) followed by aqueous (8.20) and ethyl acetate (0.90); and in seed total flavonoids, in aqueous (4.52) was found to be higher followed by methanol (1.09) and ethyl acetate (0.40). In stem bark, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in methanol ranges from 24.43 to 92.53% (IC50 8.83 μg/mL) at concentration level from 1.56 to 50 μg/mL followed by aqueous ranges from 4.91 to 91.82% (IC50 15.12 μg/mL) at concentration level from 1.56 to 50 μg/mL and ethyl acetate ranges from 13.63 to 89.89% (IC50 936.71 μg/mL) at concentration level from 100 to 2000 μg/mL. In leaves, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in methanol ranges from 16.48 to 82.51% (IC50 39.03 μg/mL) at concentration level from 6.25 to 100 μg/mL followed by aqueous ranges from 9.71 to 79.96% (IC50 49.74 μg/mL) at concentration level from 6.25 to 100 μg/mL and ethyl acetate ranges from 2.28 to 85.23% (IC50 2170.73 μg/mL) at concentration level from 100 to 5000 μg/mL. In seeds, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in aqueous ranges from 6.89 to 71.07 % (IC50 1833.33 μg/mL) at concentration level from 100 to 2000 μg/mL followed by methanol ranges from 2.35 to 78.61% (IC50 900 μg/mL) at concentration level from 100 to 5000 μg/mL and ethyl acetate ranges from 1.34 to 88.01% (IC50 2411.76 μg/mL) at concentration level from 100 to 5000 μg/mL. Methanol was found to possess higher amount of total phenolics, total flavonoids and DPPH free radical scavenging activity for stem bark and leaves; and in seeds aqueous extract was found to possess higher amount of total phenolics, total flavonoids and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Among plant parts, stem bark possess higher amount of total phenolics, total flavonoids and DPPH free radical scavenging activity than leaves and seeds. Therefore, methanol extract of stem bark and leaves; and aqueous extract of seed was found to be best natural antioxidant which plays a great role to improve the human health ailments against the free radicals to combat the oxidative stress.
Open Access
Chemical profiling and biological evaluation of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides N.) essential oil
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-08) Pooja; Ravi Kumar
The present study was undertaken for chemical profiling and evaluation of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides N.) essential oil of promising Sugandha variety from different samples of roots (sample 1, sample 2, sample 3 and sample 4). Commercially available VEO was obtained from St. Botanica pharmacy store, Panchkula, Chandigarh which was ordered online. Sample 1, sample 2, sample 3 and sample 4 were harvested after 10 months, months, 18 months and 5 years of sowing. The EOs used in the study, appeared as pale yellow viscous volatile liquids, obtained in 0.55, 0.50, 1.16 and 0.26 % yield from sample 1, sample 2, sample 3 and sample 4, respectively. The yield was highest in the roots harvested after 12 months of sowing and lowest in roots which was harvested very late approximately after 5 years. A significant variation was observed in chemical composition of these VEOs. VO3 had more diversity and VO1 had lesser diversity. However, the chemical composition of VO5 was totally different from the other studied oils. The antimicrobial activity of VEOs was studied against various bacterial and fungal strains. VO3 showed higher antibacterial activity against K. aeruginosa, X. axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis, S. aureus and VO1 showed higher antifungal activity against F. oxysporum and M. grisea. Whereas, VO5 displayed least activity against tested strains.
Open Access
Transition metal complexes derived from Schiff base and their biological applications
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022) Smriti; Chauhan, Sonu
Two Schiff base p-anisalidene-o-aminophenol(ANSAP) and p-chlorobenzylidene-o-aminophenol(CBAP) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminophenol with p-anisaldehyde and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, respectively. Manganese(II), Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of these Schiff bases were also prepared by using conventional reflux method. All the newly formed compounds were characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques like elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, 1H NMR and UV-Visible. The data from spectral studies revealed that both the Schiff base ANSAP and CBAP act as a neutral bidentate ligand. All the synthesized complexes were tested for their antibacterial activity against Xanthomoans sp. and Staphylococcus aureus VTCC BAA20. Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum sp. lycopersici and Candida albicans sp. was also carried out using agar well diffusion method. It was found that the Schiff bases had no or moderate antimicrobial activity while their complexes showed significant antimicrobial activity. Maximum Xanthomoans sp. growth was inhibited by the iron, nickel, copper complexes of ANSAP and manganese, nickel complexes of CBAP. Maximum Staphylococcus aureus VTCC BAA20 growth was inhibited by the copper complex of ANSAP and nickel complex of CBAP. Maximum Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici growth was inhibited by the iron, cobalt, nickel complexes of ANSAP and manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper complexes of CBAP. Maximum Candida albicans growth was inhibited by the manganese, iron, cobalt complexes of ANSAP and manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper complexes of CBAP.
Open Access
Sorption-desorption of imidazolinone herbicides in different order soils and their ameliorants
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09) Jyoti Sharma; Duhan, Anil
It is well known that biodegradable wastes are rich in organic nutrients but the improper management of these organic wastes can have an undesirable impact on human health as well as the environment. Therefore, utilisation of organic wastes can be a remedial approach to reduce the environmental contamination. The primary goal of the present research was to identify effective and low-cost adsorbent for herbicides removal from water along with maintaining the soil fertility. Sorption studies for a range of imidazolinone herbicides (imazethapyr, imazamethabenz methyl, imazamox, imazaquin and imazapyr) were carried out using the low-cost agricultural waste viz. mushroom compost, vermicompost, farmyard manure and biogas compost (% OC- 17.45 to 22.51%) applied at 50% (w/w) application rate. Composts were highly sorbed, with respect to pure soils, in order: imazamethabenz methyl > imazamox > imazethapyr > imazaquin > imazapyr. Soil amendment at 50% (w/w) presented 2-6 times increase in sorption. Highest sorption was observed for imazamethabenz methyl (6 times) in the amended soils. Overall different herbicide desorption was reduced from 79 to 53% on amendment. All composts behaved differentially for desorption capacities. In the present study, amendment at 50% rate is not desirable as per farmers’ practice. More suitable sorbents other than composts needs to be explored.
Open Access
Metal organic framework based composite for chlorpyriphos removal from water
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, 2022-09) Prachi; Anushree
The present study was undertaken for adsorptive removal of chlorpyriphos from water by using solvothermally synthesized Metal Organic Frameworks i.e. HKUST-1, ZIF-8 and MIL-53 and their silica loaded composites. Successful characterization was done by different techniques i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique (BET), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM). Results showed that the removal efficiency of HKUST-1@SiO2 was 85% at pH 6, for 20 ppm of concentration of pesticide, 20 mg of HKUST-1@SiO2, in 45 min of contact time and 30°C temperature which was highest among all the synthesized MOFs and their composites. The study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic modelling were also done. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order fitted best for all the samples showing the chlorpyriphos is chemisorbed on the adsorbents. The responsible interaction for adsorption was π-π interactions for all the samples and in composites higher adsorption is due to additional sites provided by silica for the attachment of functional groups from the adsorbate molecules. Reuseablity results showed that HKUST-1@SiO2, MIL-53@SiO2 and ZIF-8@SiO2 can be used for 4, 5 and 3 cycles respectively. HKUST-1@SiO2 exhibited the highest adsorptive removal of chlorpyriphos among all the samples as well as its reusability is also quite high It can be concluded from the present study that HKUST-1@SiO2 is a highly efficient for the removal of chlorpyriphos from water.
Open Access
Impact of different nutrient management practices on soil properties after garden pea (Pisum sativum) cultivation
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Apurva; Dhram Prakash
A field experiment started since Rabi, 2019 at Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) was selected for the present investigation entitled “Impact of different nutrient management practices on soil properties after garden pea (Pisum sativum) cultivation”. The experiment was laid out with eight treatments in a randomized block design with three replications. The soil samples were collected after garden pea harvest. Application of RDN through FYM or vermicompost alone or alongwith CUBOF decreased the soil pH and increased the soil EC over their initial values. The highest SOC and TOC content (0.65 and 0.81%, respectively) was noticed with the application of RDN through FYM along with CUBOF, while, the highest DOC content (41.22 ppm) was reported with RDN applied through vermicompost alongwith CUBOF. The highest very labile and labile carbon content was recorded with the application of RDN through vermicompost combined with CUBOF (0.29%) and RDN applied through FYM combined with CUBOF (0.22%), respectively. Available N, P, K and S content in soil varied from 115.4 to 161.6, 23.08 to 35.24, 591.1 to 843.4 and 20.24 to 32.54 kg ha-1 , respectively. Recommended dose of fertilizers recorded the highest available N content in soil, while, the highest available P, K and S content was reported with the incorporation of RDN through FYM alongwith CUBOF. Application of RDN through vermicompost recorded the highest DTPA-extractable Zn and Fe concentration (1.15 and 0.96 ppm, respectively), while, the highest DTPA-extractable Mn concentration was noticed with 50% RDN was applied through vermicompost along with CUBOF (2.09 ppm). The highest DTPA extractable Cu concentration (0.701 ppm) was reported with the application of RDN through FYM alongwith CUBOF. The highest K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl ion concentration was recorded with the application of RDN through FYM along with CUBOF, while, the highest Na+ , HCO3 - and SO4 2- ion concentration was recorded with the application of RDN through vermicompost combined with CUBOF which are positively correlated with soil EC. The MBC and MBN content of soil ranged between 212.9 to 381.5 and 17.5 to 40.4 ppm, respectively. The highest dehydrogenase (38.92 µg TPFg-1 24h-1 ), alkaline phosphatase (357.85 µg PNP g-1 h -1 ) and urease activity (20.07 µgNH4 + -N g -1 h -1 ) was recorded with RDN applied through vermicompost alongwith CUBOF, while, arylsulfatase activity (10.84 µg PNP g -1 h -1 ) was recorded with RDN applied through FYM alongwith CUBOF. Incorporation of RDN through vermicompost recorded non-significantly higher bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes count (3.86×107 , 2.65×106 and 2.66×106 cfu g-1 soil, respectively) as compared to RDN applied through FYM (3.71×107 , 2.41×106 and 2.48×106 cfu g-1 soil, respectively).
Open Access
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity ofArgemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Goel, Neha; Kumari, Sachin
The present study was undertaken for studies on phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) collected from semi arid region of Haryana. Physiological and chemical parameters viz. moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein, minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids were analyzed in stem, leaves and flowers of Argemone mexicana. Moisture content was higher in stem (13.53%) than leaves (11.06%) and flowers (11.33%). Ash content was maximum in flowers (21.56%) than stem (11.15%) and leaves (14.8%). Crude protein was higher in leaves (23.63%) than stem (15.26%) and flowers (22.32%). Crude fibre content was higher in stem (25.2%) than leaves (9.85%) and flowers (11.75%), crude fat content was higher in flowers (16.9%) than stem (11.56%) and leaves (7.93%). Amount of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn (in ppm) in flowers was 117.53, 30.60, 14.89 and 21.17 and in the stem, it was 63.61, 7.97, 3.41 and 37.41 and in leaves, it was 93.40, 23.3, 15.71 and 19.58. Total tannins were higher in leaves (3.15mg/g) than stem (1.81mg/g) and flowers (2.41mg/g).). Total alkaloids were higher in leaves (3.97%) than stem (3.23%) and flowers (3.46%). Terpenoids were higher in leaves (3.65%) than stem (3%) and flowers (3.03%). Phytochemical parameters viz. total phenolics and total flavonoids in stem, leaves and flowers were extracted with five solvents namely methanol, aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexaane. Aqueous extract has the highest phenolic content (8.16mg GAE/g) as compared to methanol extract (7.09mg GAE/g), acetone (2.16mg GAE./g), ethyl acetate (1.36mg GAE/g) and hexane (0.23mg GAE/g). Among the plant, parts flowers have the highest phenolic content (5.75mg GAE/g) than stem (1.86mg GAE/g) and leaves (3.79mg GAE/g). Methanol extract has the highest flavonoid content (6.08mg CE/g) as compared to acetone extract (4.19mg CE/g), aqueous (4.45mg CE./g), ethyl acetate (1.77mg CE/g) and hexane (1.31mg CE/g). Among the plant parts, flowers have the highest flavonoid content (4.68mg CE/g) than stem (2.41mg CE/g) and leaves (3.59mg CE/g). DPPH free radical scavenging activity (%) increased with increase of concentration levels the IC50 value of stem in aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and acetone extract was 58.88, 48.70, 48.02, 41.81 and 24.98μg/ml. IC50 value of leaves in these extracts was 37.28, 45.95, 68.91, 36.29 and 62.29 μg/ml. IC50 value of flowers in these extracts was 41.92, 55.18, 42.37, 45.74 and 38.33μg/ml. Aqueous extract has the highest total antioxidant activity (6.94mgAAE/g) than methanol extract (6.46mgAAE/g), acetone extract (2.32mgAAE/g), ethyl acetate (1.87mgAAE/g) and hexane extract (0.26mgAAE/g). Among plant parts flowers has the highest antioxidant activity (4.19mgAAE/g) than stem (2.66mgAAE/g) and leaves (3.86mgAAE/g).
Open Access
Metal organic framework for sorptive removal of chlorpyrifos from water
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Bharti; Anushree
The present study was undertaken forremovel of chlorpyrifos pesticide from water by using solvothermally synthesized Metal Organic Framework, HKUST-1 was synthesized taking high boiling solvent DMF and Trimesic acid as the organic linker. Successful characterization was done by different techniques i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM). FTIR studies showed that HKUST-1 have bonding between metal and organic linker, vibrations between the BTC bonds, PSA showed the range of particles was from 4900 nm to 5300 nm, XRD showed crystallanity of the MOF, FESEM showed the particle size between 5 μm to 13 μm. Reults showed that the removal efficiency of HKUST-1 was 76% at the optimized conditions of pH, amount of HKUST-1, contact time, temperature and concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity were found as 98 mg/g for linear and 102 mg/g for non linear. The study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic modelling were also done. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order fitted best and are the deriving force of chemisorption. Reuseablity results showed that the removal efficiency decrease from 3 to 5% by washing the adsorbent with solvent. The responsible interaction for adsorption was electrostatic interaction, it can be concluded from the present study that HKUST-1 is a highly efficient MOF for the removal of chlorpyrifos.
Open Access
Dissipation and decontamination studies of cyantraniliprole in cabbage and soil
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Poonam Rani; Sushil
Dissipation and decontamination studies of cyantraniliprole (Benevia 10.26% OD) in cabbage and soil was carried out following spray of cyantraniliprole at fruit setting stage on cabbage crop grown in plots of 5 x5 m size at recommended (60 g a.i. ha-1) and double of recommended dose (120 g a.i. ha-1) by Central Insecticide Board (CIB). Samples of cabbage were processed using modified QuEChERS method and analyzed using HPLC with retention time of 15.351 minutes. Recovery experiments were performed on cabbage heads and soil sample fortified @ 0.05, 0.50 and 1.00 mg kg-1 and the recoveries obtained were in the range of 86.11 – 89.54% and 85.60 – 88.05% respectively. Initial deposit of cyantraniliprole residue in cabbage heads was 0.449 mg kg-1 and 0.576 mg kg-1 for single (T1) and double (T2) dose respectively. These residues dissipated following first order degradation kinetics with half- life of 1.91 and 2.29 days respectively and reached below limit of quantification (LOQ i.e. 0.05 mg kg-1) on 7th and 10th day for single (T1) and double (T2) dose respectively. Level of residues in soil were < LOQ for both single (T1) and double dose (T2) on 0 day of spray. Washing followed by boiling was found most effective (100%) in dislodging residues of cyantraniliprole than washing with 5% NaCl solution and washing alone.

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