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20174
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Subject: Chemistry × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Residue dynamics and leaching potential of chlorantraniliprole in chilli crop
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Suman; Sushil
    The main objective of this study was to understand the persistence behaviour of new novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole (coragen 18.5 SC) in chilli fruit and its leaching behaviour in sandy loam soil. Recovery experiments were carried out at 0.01 and 0.05 μg/g fortification level in both chilli and soil samples for which average recoveries were found to be 85.23% and 87.46% in chilli samples and 85.92% and 87.11% in soil samples respectively. For dissipation / persistence study a field experiment was conducted following application of single dose (30 g a.i./ha) and double dose (60 g a.i./ha) on chilli crop. The initial residues of CAP at single and double doses were 3.16 and 4.68 mg/kg. Residues persisted upto 7th and 15th day in single and double doses respectively, after which BDL (0.01 mg/kg) comes. For single dose half-life value was of 1.18 days with degradation rate constant (k) value of 0.58 day -1. For double dose half-life was 2.05 days with degradation rate constant (k) value of 0.33 day-1. Leaching behavior of CAP in soil was studied at single (5.6 μg) and double dose (11.2 μg) respectively, for which soil plexi columns were packed and percolated with 35 ml of tap water after each 24 hours. Total amount of CAP recovered out of 5.6 and 11.2 μg were 82.40% and 81.42% from single and double doses respectively. Maximum retention of pesticide in both doses was in 0-5 cm soil core i.e. 79.82% in single dose and 79.11% in double dose. None of the leachate fractions from both the treatments showed the presence of chlorantraniliprole residue considering it safe for ground water table after field application.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Persistence and leaching behaviour of halosulfuron-methyl in soil
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Ritu Devi; Duhan, Anil
    A laboratory experiment was conducted in Agrochemicals Residues Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University to study the persistence behaviour and leaching potential of halosulfuron-methyl residues in sandy loam and clay loam soil. Halosulfuron-methyl (Sempra75 WG) at single and double dose, i.e., 67.5 and 135 g a.i./ha, was applied in soil taken in plastic pots to study the persistence behaviour. Soil samples were collected periodically on 0 (1h), 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 30 and 45 days after treatments. In leaching experiment, halosulfuron-methyl was applied at 50 μg (single dose) and 100 μg (double dose) in both soils packed in plexi glass columns. Prior to taking up analysis of test samples recovery experiments using different sample preparation techniques (Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), Liquid-solid extraction (LSE) and QuEChERS with slight modification) were optimized for both soils at different fortification levels of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.1 μg/g. Maximum recoveries (85.5 to 94.5%) were obtained by using QuEChERS with PSA and without MgSO4. Residues were estimated by HPLC coupled with Quadrupole Dalton Mass Detector (QDa). Limit of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.005 μg/g, respectively for both soils. Dissipation followed a first order rate kinetics with half-life of 9.4 and 10.7 days in sandy loam soil and in case of clay loam, 8.4 and 10.3 days at both the doses, respectively. The residues were below detectable limit after 45 days for both the treatments. Leaching experiments were carried out in laboratory under both continuous and discontinuous flow conditions. The residues of halosulfuron-methyl were retained up to soil depth of 35-40 cm in both soil types at single and double dose under continuous and discontinuous flow. The residues were detected in leachate fractions of both soils and doses under continuous as well as discontinuous flow conditions; hence there might be a risk of sideway and lateral movement of residues.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Persistence study of tebuconazole in chilli and soil
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Dhanker, Preeti; Sushil
    Increasing awareness of the potential impact of persistent crop protection agents has led to the development of ecofriendly new molecules to ensure minimum risk to man and environment. Tebuconazole a representative of the triazole fungicide effective in controlling soil-borne and foliar fungal pathogens, and has been credited with increasing yields above the levels provided by other widely used fungicides. Keeping in view all these observations, persistence study of Tebuconazole was carried out following single application of Folicur 25.9 EC on chilli crop. For this purpose a field experiment was carried out@ single (125 g a.i. ha−1) and double dose (250 g a.i. ha−1) with Knap sap sprayer in plots of size 3 × 3 m size along with a control plot where no pesticide was applied in a randomized design (RBD).Samples of chilli fruit were processed using liquid- liquid partitioning method and residues were analysed on GC- MS, with retention time at 17.9 and major ions 153, 125, 70. The average Initial deposits of Tebuconazole were found to be 0.21 and 0.44 mg kg-1, at single and double dose, on 0 day (1 hr after spray), respectively. Tebuconazole residues reached below detectable limit (BDL) of 0.01 mg kg−1 after 5 and 7 days, respectively, at single and double the application dosages. Soil samples collected after harvest were found to be BDL. Effect of washing on Tebuconazole residues reduction with tap water and 5% NaCl solution were also studied and washing with 5% NaCl solution was found to be more effective as it causes the reduction upto 70% at both the doses.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phytochemical studies and antioxidant activity of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and turnip (Brassica rapa L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Rajita; Sushila Singh
    The present study was undertaken for phytochemical studies and antioxidant activity of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) variety Punjab safed and Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) variety White 4 roots grown at Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Chemical parameters viz. crude fibre, crude protein, minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars were analysed in radish and turnip roots. Crude fibre content was higher in radish (13.61%) than turnip (10.34%), crude protein content was higher in turnip (13.39%) than radish (11.51%), Fe content was higher in radish (54.20 ppm) than turnip (39.26 ppm), Cu content was higher in radish (8.82 ppm) than turnip (5.83 ppm), Zn content was higher in radish (19.30 ppm) than turnip (12.44 ppm) and Mn content was higher in radish (107.10 ppm) than turnip (93.60 ppm). Total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars content were higher in turnip 169.11, 159.70 and 9.41(mg/g) than radish 92.95, 90.07 and 2.88 (mg/g), respectively. Phytochemical parameters viz. total phenolics and total flavonoids in radish and turnip were extracted with three solvents namely acetone, ethanol and aqueous. Total phenolics content (mg GAE/g) in turnip was highest in aqueous extract (4.56) followed by ethanol (3.75) and acetone (1.99) extracts. In radish also, total phenolics content (mg GAE/g) was highest in aqueous extract (3.93) followed by ethanol (3.70) and acetone (0.61). Flavonoids content (mg CE/g) in turnip was highest in aqueous extract (2.07) followed by ethanol (0.79) and acetone (0.59). In radish also, flavonoids content (mg CE/g) was highest in aqueous extract (1.06) followed by ethanol (0.48) and acetone (0.25). DPPH free radical scavenging activity (%) increased with increase of concentration levels. In radish, it ranged from 1.01 to 76.25 (IC50 0.73 mg/mL) in aqueous extract at concentration levels 0.1-2.5 mg/mL, 6.53 to 76.51 (IC50 14.67 mg/mL) in ethanol extract and 5.73 to 76.20 (IC50 21.42 mg/mL) in acetone extract at concentration levels 1.0-50 mg/mL, respectively. In turnip, it ranged from 1.31 to 75.32 (IC50 1.26 mg/mL) in aqueous extract at concentration levels 0.1-5.0 mg/mL, 17.42 to 80.59 (IC50 11.30 mg/mL) in ethanol extract and 12.33 to 80.43 (IC50 12.08 mg/mL) in acetone extract at concentration levels 1.0-50 mg/mL, respectively. Among acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts, aqueous extracts contained higher amounts of total phenolic and flavonoids and also exhibited higher antioxidant activity. Hence, aqueous extracts of radish and turnip roots are better source of antioxidants in comparison to acetone and ethanol extracts.