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Subject: Chemistry × Author: Anu Kumari × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phytochemical studies and antioxidant activity of Sounf (Foeniculum vulgare) and Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Anu Kumari; Sushila Singh
    The present study was undertaken for phytochemical studies and antioxidant activity of Sounf (Foeniculum vulgare) variety HF-33 and Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) variety HAJ-18 seeds grown at Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Chemical parameters viz. crude fibre, crude protein, minerals (Fe, Ca, P), total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, tannins, total alkaloids content were analysed in Sounf and Ajwain seeds. Crude fibre content was higher in Sounf (21.15 %) than Ajwain (7.35 %), crude protein content was higher in Ajwain (16.43 %) than Sounf (11.17%), Fe content was higher in Ajwain (36.33 mg/100g) than Sounf (19.05 mg/100g), Ca content was higher in Ajwain (1305 mg/100g) than Sounf (15.5 mg/100g), P content was higher in Ajwain (515.22 mg/100g) than Sounf (48.85 mg/100g). Total sugars, reducing sugars, and non-reducing sugars content was higher in Ajwain 3.01, 1.89, 1.12 (g/100g) than Sounf 1.78, 1.34, 0.44 (g/100g), respectively. Total alkaloids content was higher in Ajwain 26% than Sounf 3% and tannins content was higher in Ajwain 11.93 mg/g than Sounf 6.02 mg/g. Phytochemicals parameters viz. total phenolics and total flavonoids in Sounf and Ajwain were extracted with three solvents namely aqueous, ethanol and hexane. Total phenolics content (mg GAE/g) in Ajwain was highest in aqueous (14.08) followed by ethanol (12.74) and hexane (2.47). In Sounf, total phenolics content (mg GAE/g) was highest in aqueous extract (9.28) followed by ethanol (4.1) and hexane (1.32). Flavonoids content (mg CE/g) in Ajwain was highest in aqueous (4.56) followed by ethanol (2.35) and hexane (1.59). In Sounf, flavonoids content (mg CE/g) was highest in aqueous (4.10) followed by ethanol (3.03) and hexane (2.79). DPPH free radical scavenging activity (%) increased with increase of concentration levels. In sounf, it ranged from 15.78 to 89.86 (IC50 0.53 mg/ mL) in aqueous extract at concentration levels 0.1-2.5 mg/ mL, 6.93 to 87.12 (IC50 0.71 mg/ mL) in ethanol extract at 0.05-2.5 mg/ mL and 5.92 to 76.97 (IC50 4.5 mg/ mL) in hexane extract at concentration levels 0.5-10 mg/ mL, respectively. In ajwain, it ranged from 20 to 91.79 (IC50 0.45 mg/ mL) in aqueous extract at concentration levels 0.1-2.5 mg/ mL, 1.01 to 77.14 (IC50 0.81 mg/ mL) in ethanol extract at 0.05 to 2.5 mg/ mL and 18.75 to 71.87 (IC50 1.7 mg/ mL) in hexane extract at concentration levels 0.25-5 mg/ mL, respectively. Among aqueous, ethanol and hexane extracts, aqueous and ethanol extracts contained higher amounts of total phenolic and exhibited higher antioxidant activity. Hence, aqueous extracts of sounf and ajwain seeds are better source of antioxidants in comparison to hexane extracts.