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ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of gibberellic acid and triacontanol on morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomy of Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-09) Mehra, Indu; Tallapragada, SrideviThe present study entitled “Efficacy of gibberellic acid and triacontanol on morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomy of Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress,” was examined in the screen house during the kharif season of 2022. Prior to sowing, different salt stress levels (control, 4, 6, and 8 dS m-1) were maintained by saturating each pot. Sorghum bicolor L. seeds were planted in pots under screen house conditions on July 25th, 2022. Triacontanol was applied at concentrations of 10 ppm and 20 ppm, while Gibberellic acid was applied (200 ppm and 400 ppm) to both stressed and non-stressed plants of two genotypes (CSH20MF and CSH24MF). Sampling was conducted at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Growth parameters were examined. An inverse relationship was observed between these parameters and increasing salinity levels. Furthermore, anatomical leaf characteristics were improved following the application of Triacontanol and Gibberellic acid, counteracting the negative effects of salt stress. A similar pattern was observed in the relative water content under different salt levels. Total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, gaseous exchange studies, chlorophyll index, and photochemical quantum yield also displayed a decreasing trend from the control to the highest salt level (8 dS m-1) in both genotypes. The application of Triacontanol and Gibberellic acid aids in maintaining the relative water content, increasing proline and glycine betaine content, enhancing gas exchange, ash content, chlorophyll index, total chlorophyll, carotenoid content, anthocyanin, flavonoid content, and promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes regardless of salt stress in both genotypes. Conversely, the relative stress injury worsens with each increment of salt stress, but the application of Triacontanol and Gibberellic acid partially mitigates the adverse effects of salt stress. An increase in Na+ content and a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content was observed under salt stress, whereas the opposite trend was observed after the application of TRIA and GA3. In sorghum genotypes CSH24MF and CSH20MF performed better under salt stress and exhibited a superior response in alleviating salt stress with the foliar application of 20 ppm of Triacontanol.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of jasmonic acid on morpho-physiological, biochemical and quality attributes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under salt stress(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07-16) Prakriti; Sridevi TallapragadaThe present study entitled “Efficacy of jasmonic acid on morpho-physiological, biochemical and quality attributes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under salt stress” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 5, 7.5 and 8 dS m-1) were maintained by saturating each pot. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under screen house conditions on 16th July 2021. Jasmonic acid (4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 mM) was applied exogenously after 30 days after sowing (DAS) under stressed as well as non-stressed plants in both genotypes (HJ 541 and CSV 21F). Sampling was done at 40 and 60 DAS. Growth parameters decreased with increasing levels of salt stress, whereas foliar application of jasmonic acid enhanced the growth of plants. Similarly, anatomical parameters of leaf were enhanced after the application of jasmonic acid which were negatively affected by salt stress. Plant water relation, gaseous exchange studies, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend from control to 8 dS m-1 of salt level in both genotypes, but more percent decrease was observed at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress like in ψw (46.66%), ψs (18.27), photosynthetic rate (31.80%), transpiration rate (14.60%) and stomatal conductance (44.41%) in HJ 541, over their respective control. The values ranged from 7.32 to 6.66, 27.37 to 23.32 and 54.51 to 50.83 in protein, fibre and in-vitro dry matter digestibility, respectively, at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in CSV 21F at 40 DAS. Application of JA help in the maintenance of plant water status, enhanced the exchange of gases and chlorophyll index irrespective of salt stress in both genotypes. Reversibily, electrolyte leakage and ash content enhanced with every increment of salt stress but application of JA ameliorate the adverse effect of salt stress to some extent. Increment in Na+ but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content was noted under salt stress. While, the reverse trend was noticed after application of JA. In nut shell, sorghum genotypes CSV 21F and HJ 541 performed better under salt stress and showed better response in alleviating salt stress with foliar application of 8.5 mM jasmonic acid.ThesisItem Open Access Response of jasmonic acid for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Brassica spp. (Brassica napus, Brassica juncea)(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07-22) Sajid Khan; Sridevi TallapragadaThe present study entitled “Response of jasmonic acid for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Brassica spp. (Brassica napus, Brassica juncea)”. was investigated in the screen house during the Rabi season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of cadmium stress (Control, 14 mg/kg, 21 mg/kg) were maintained by saturating each pot. Jasmonic acid (5 μmol L-1, 10 μmol L-1, and 20 μmol L-1) was applied exogenously after 30 days after sowing (DAS) under stressed as well as non-stressed plants in both genotypes (RH 725 and HNS 0901). Sampling was done at 45 DAS. Seeds of Brassica spp. were grown in pots (three plants per pot) under screen house conditions on 15th October 2021. Growth parameters decreased with increasing levels of cadmium stress, whereas foliar application of jasmonic acid enhanced the growth of plants at sampling stages. Similarly, plant water relation, gaseous exchange studies, chlorophyll content (SPAD units) and oil content also showed declining trend from Control to 21 mg/kg of cadmium level in both genotypes. Per cent decrease was observed at 21 mg/kg of cadmium stress like in ψw (68.3%), ψs (52.2%), photosynthetic rate (30%), transpiration rate (25%) and stomatal conductance (29.2%) in RH 725 at 45 DAS, over their respective control. The values ranged from 31.66 to 24.47 and 81.27% to 60.95% of chlorophyll content (SPAD units) and RWC respectively, decreased at 21 mg/kg of cadmium stress in RH 725 at 45 DAS. In anatomical study it is observed that increase in cadmium level is responsible for decrease in stomatal frequency (23.9%, 30%) and stomatal index (25.9 9%, 29.01%) in RH 725 and HNS 0901 respectively at 21 mg/kg of cadmium stress. Foliar application of jasmonic acid is responsible for slightly increase in stomatal frequency and stomatal index at its maximum value (20 μmol L-1) in both genotypes at 45 DAS. Application of JA help in the alleviation of plant water status, exchange of gases and chlorophyll pigment irrespective of cadmium stress in both genotypes at 45 DAS. Reversibly, ash content and ECe show increase along different cadmium level. Seed yield decline significantly by decreasing yield attributing characters i.e., siliqua per plant, seed per siliqua, biological yield under cadmium stress. Reduction in seed yield was ranged from 4.55 to 3.14 in RH 725 and 4.16 to 2.58 in HNS 0901 at 21 mg/kg. Uptake of cadmium from soil increase along with increase in cadmium level 14 mg/kg to 21 mg/kg is 1144.50 μg/pot to 1450 μg/pot in RH 725 and 1025 μg/pot to 1224.8 μg/pot in HNS 0901. JA is showing an alleviating effect against cadmium uptake from soil and decrease cadmium uptake in plant. Conclusively, based on the above studies, it can be concluded that after foliar spray of JA, RH 725 performed better under cadmium stress by maintaining higher plant growth, water status, photosynthetic rate, seed yield, biological yield. JA treatments not only mitigate the negative effect of cadmium stress on plants, but also showed, a stimulating effect and 20 μmol L-1 JA was found more effective than 10 μmol L-1 at 45 DAS.ThesisItem Open Access Wide hybridization and embryo rescue for pre breeding in Indian Mustard(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-10) Anjali; Lakra, NitaThe present study was conducted to develop hybrid between Brassica juncea cv. RH 725 taken as a female parent and Sinapis alba genotype DRMR 2183 taken as a male parent with the help of embryo rescue because hybrid embryo usually abort at early stages. The pod setting was 40%. The hybrid siliquae were intermediate in size with respect to the parent plant with an average length of 3.44 cm. The average length of siliquae in B. juncea cv. RH 725 was 4.85 cm and in Sinapis alba the average length was 1.92 cm. Developing ovules were used as an explant and cultured on Murashige and Skoog‟s medium supplied with optimum concentration of different growth regulators. Maximum no. of ovules germinated after 25-30 days of inoculation. Maximum shooting response (48.33%) was observed on MS medium supplemented with MS + BAP (2.5mg/l) + CH (0.5g/l) and maximum rooting response was observed on MS + IAA (0.5 mg/l) i.e. 57.17%. After hardening in a mixture of sterilized sand: soil (1:1), 22% plants successfully moved to green house.ThesisItem Open Access Study on sustainability and survival rate of in–vitro propagated sugarcane under green house conditions(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Shweta; Tallapragada, SrideviThe investigation was carried out to study the effect of different energy sources and gelling agents on in vitro multiplication and rooting response on sugarcane cultivar Co-89003. For in vitro multiplication plant cultures were inoculated on MS media supplemented with various sugars (fructose, sucrose, glucose, table sugar and maltose) and gelling agents (agar-agar, agarose, gelrite, guargum and isabgol). The maximum shoots (11.5±0.23 and 9.7±0.23) were observed on medium enriched with table sugar and agrose, respectively. And the maximum shoot-length (7.1±0.39 cm and 7.1±0.51cm) was noticed in sucrose and agar –agar media on after 28th day of inoculation. The very good growth/ rooting (+++++) was observed on ½ MS media supplemented with sucrose and gelrite. Then well rooting plantlets were transplanted into pots containing various compositions of soil, sand, vermicompost, FYM, coco pit and perlite for acclimatization. The maximum and survival (100%) were observed in four different potting mix including sand : soil : FYM, Sand : Soil : Vermicompost, Sand : Soil : FYM : Vermicompost and Coco pit : Vermicompost : Perlite under green house conditions. Hardened plantlets were successfully transferred to the field conditionsThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of antagonistic effect of cell free culture filtrates of Rhizoctonia sp., anastomosis groups/sub-groups infecting Zea mays(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Sumit; Vimla SinghThe present study entitled “Evaluation of antagonistic effect of cell free culture filtrates of Rhizoctonia sp., anastomosis groups/sub-groups infecting Zea mays” was conducted during Kharif season of 2020 at CCSHAU, Regional Research Station Uchani, Karnal. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most economically important cereal crops with a promising yield potential and industrial importance. Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani f.sp. sasakii is a devastating stress on Maize and which leads to huge monetary losses to the farmers. Single hypha tip culture of the isolates viz., Rs-Khp (Kohlapur), Rs-Rch (Ranchi), Rs-Bhw, (Bhuvneshwar), Rs-Kau (Kaul) and Rs-Lck (Lucknow) maintained on PDA plates and characterized for virulence profiles based on cultural, morpho metric and pathogenic variability. The R. solani isolates Rs-Khp, Rs-Kau and Rs- Lck were found to be virulent and comparatively more aggressive than isolates Rs-Rch and Rs-Bhw. Hyphal anastomosis studies showed that, weaker interaction of less virulent isolates with the more virulent isolates. Investigations on cross protective effects of cell free culture filtrates of weaker isolates in suppressing the virulent isolates was examined at dilutions 15% and 25%. Seeds pre-soaked in 15% dilution of culture filtrate showed better results in terms of reduction of severity of symptoms by 25%. However, satisfactory results with 25% dilution were not obtained. The findings reveal that culture filtrate of weaker isolated can serve to reduce yield losses due to severe isolates and such studies may be further undertaken at field level. Further, insight of mechanism of disease suppression may be studied to devise more accurate technique for minimizing losses due to BLSB.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological responses of lsabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) genotypes to salt stress(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Nehru, Vandana; Varshney, U. KThesisItem Open Access Effect of cadmium on seed germination and plant reproduction on different genotypes of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Kumar, Suresh; Dhingra, H. RThesisItem Open Access Studies on physiological and reproductive behaviour of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes under saline irrigation(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Singh, Sunder; Kumar, Neeraj
