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Subject: Biochemistry × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of iron deficiency induced physiological and biochemical responses in wheat seedlings
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01-02) Sindhu, Sudeep; Vinod Kumar
    Iron (Fe) is the most critical micronutrient needed for plant growth and development. It is required as a redox active metal that is involved in a variety of physiological and metabolic processes. There is a lack of iron in approximately one third of the world's soil, which hinders the growth and development of plants, which in turn results in lower yields and worse quality nourishment. A lack of iron in plants is difficult to control with agricultural techniques. However, recently developed Fe-biofortified crop varieties with enhanced Fe absorption capability provides an attractive alternative for analyzing crops for their performance under prevalent Fe deficiency in soils. In this study, contrasting wheat varieties for Fe content including WH 1105 (Non-biofortified wheat) and WB-02 (Biofortified wheat) were used for evaluating their growth performance under varied Fe supply as 100 μM (Control), 50 μM (T1), 10 μM (T2) and 0 μM (T3) under controlled growth conditions using hydroponic system. Effect of Fe deficiency as compared to Fe sufficiency was studied in plant samples at two stages of growth after treatments i.e., Stage I at 14-16 days and Stage II at 28-30 days, with analysis of various morpho-physiological (root length, shoot length, chlorophyll content and leaf area) and biochemical parameters (SOD and catalase activity, total antioxidant activity, and content of MDA, H2O2, proline, phytosiderophores and Fe). It was observed that with increased Fe deficiency under treatments T2 and T3, shoot length decreased by 23.8% and 43.6% in Stage I and 4.4% and 27.1% in Stage II, respectively, for genotype WH 1105. Comparable to this, WB- 02 also follows similar trend. A significant decreased Chlorophyll content (SPAD) in WH 1105, the chlorophyll content decrease by 10% to 67% at Stage I, and 16% to 84% at Stage II. In WB-02 increase in chorophyll from 18.9% to 66.3% was observed under increased Fe- deficiency. Variety WB-02 performed better that WH 1105 in terms of chlorophyll content under given Fe treatments as compared to control. An increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) content (7.3% and 25.6% in WH1105 at Stage I, and 15.9% and 38.1% at stage II where as in WB-02, the content increased by 5.24% and 14.59% and by 18.3% and 27.8% Stage I and II respectively and H2O2 content 4.24% and 7.75% in the Stage I and 4.39% and 11.72% in Stage II in WH 1105, was observed, and in WB-02, it increased by 5.53% to 9.28% in Stage I, and in the Stage II, it increased by 5.87% and 11.08% with increase in Fe deficiency. Higher content of MDA and H2O2 were noticed from wheat variety WH 1105. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was increased with increase in Fe-deficiency at both growth stages. Higher SOD activity was noticed from wheat variety WB-02 (in roots), WH 1105 (in shoots). Higher CAT activity was noticed from wheat variety WB-02 (in roots and shoots). The increased phytosiderophores content was observed with increase in Fe-deficiency in plants, with more PS content from wheat variety WH 1105. The Fe content decreased with increased Fe deficiency with comparatively higher uptake of Fe in roots by wheat variety WH 1105 and shoot by wheat variety WB-02..Based on the outcome of study, it might be concluded that the contrasting wheat varieties have varied biochemical and morpho- physiological responses towards Fe deficiency. Preliminary findings in this study suggested biofortified wheat variety WB-02 as better performer under given Fe deficiency treatments over WH 1105 owing to varied biochemical and morphological responses as observed. The study might have implications in development, evaluation and promotion of biofortified or Fe deficiency tolerant crops for cultivation in soils with prevailing Fe deficiency.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological and biochemical changes in response to iron deficiency in pearl millet
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-08) Ritu; Dr. Vinod Kumar
    Iron (Fe) is the most essential micronutrient required for plant growth and development, being required as a redox active metal involved in various physiological and metabolic processes. About 1/3rd of world soil is deficient in Fe affecting plant growth and development leading to poor yield as well as nutritional quality. It is difficult to manage Fe deficiency to plants through agronomic practices. However, recently developed Fe biofortified crop varieties with higher Fe uptake potential provides an attractive alternate for evaluation for their performance under prevailing Fe deficiency in soils. In this study, Biofortified pearl millet hybrid HHB-299 developed by CCSHAU, Hisar was used along with popular non-biofortified hybrid HHB-67(I) for evaluating these contrasting Fe containing genotypes for their growth performance under varied Fe supply (100, 50, 10 and 0 µM Fe in nutrient solution, respectively) under controlled conditions. Effect of Fe deficiency as compared to Fe sufficiency was studied at 5-leaf and panicle initiation stages of pearl millet genotypes with analysis of various morpho-physiological (root length, shoot length, chlorophyll content and leaf area) and biochemical parameters (SOD and catalase activity, total antioxidant activity, and content of MDA, H2O2, proline, phytosiderophores and Fe). It was observed that with increase in Fe deficiency under treatments T1 to T3, shoot length was decreased in the range of 0.92- 38.9% and 9.5-41.7% at 5-leaf and panicle initiation stage, respectively, for genotype HHB-67(I), as compared to control. In comparison, significantly, less decrease in shoot length was observed for biofortified genotype HHB-299. Similarly, increased rate of chlorosis was observed in both the genotypes, with increased Fe deficiency. Overall analysis of data for antioxidant activity revealed its values in the range of 18-76% at 5-leaf stage and 32.3- 56.1% at panicle initiation stage, respectively, for both the genotypes. With increase in Fe deficiency, the phytosiderophores content was noticed an increase in the range of 55.5-69.2% and 53.3-68.1% at 5-leaf and panicle initiation stages of genotype HHB-67(I), respectively. In the genotype HHB-299, it was increased up to 81.7% and 75% at 5-leaf and panicle initiation stage under increased Fe deficiency treatments. The Fe content in shoots and roots was reportedly decreased under Fe deficient conditions, for both the stages and genotypes. Based on the outcome of study, it is concluded that the contrasting pearl millet genotypes have varied biochemical and morpho-physiological responses towards Fe deficiency. Preliminary findings in this study suggested HHB-299 as better performer under given Fe deficiency treatments over HHB-67(I) owing to its less affected biochemical and morphological responses as observed. The study might have implications in development, evaluation and promotion of biofortified or Fe deficiency tolerant crops for cultivation in soils with prevailing Fe deficiency.