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ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical studies on chromium toxicity and its amelioration in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-10-31) Praveen Kumar; Singal, H.R.The main aim of the present research work was to determine the effects of Cr (VI) toxicity (2 ppm & 4 ppm) and its amelioration by glycine betaine (GB) and AMF at two growth stages viz. vegetative stage (35 DAS) and grain filling stage (95 DAS) in three varieties of sorghum viz. HJ 541 (single-cut), HJ 513 and SSG 59-3(multi-cut). The effect of exogenous application of GB (spiked in soil & foliar spray) and AMF (10 g) either individually or in combination was investigated for their ameliorative capability. The ameliorative effects were studied in terms of biochemical parameters (viz. structural and non-structural carbohydrates, crude protein, chlorophyll, chromium, hydrocyanic acid, IVDMD, pectin, PME, PG and cellulase), morphophysiological parameters (viz. root length, shoot length, number of leaves/tillers, grain yield, plant height and plant biomass), antioxidative defense system parameters (viz. enzymes – SOD, APX, CAT, GR, POX and metabolites – proline, glutathione, ascorbate, β-carotene) and indices of oxidative stress parameters (viz. PPO, H2O2 and MDA). The results revealed that the biochemical and morphophysiological parameters (except hydrocyanic acid, chromium, non-structural carbohydrates and pectin) decreased with increasing concentration of Cr (VI) in all the varieties at both the growth stages, and maximum decrease was observed in HJ 541 variety at 4 ppm concentration of Cr (VI) as compared to HJ 513 and SSG 59-3 variety at both growth stages. The antioxidative defense system parameters (enzymes & metabolites) and indices of oxidative stress parameters increased with increasing concentration of Cr (VI) at both the growth stages, in all the varieties. Further increase in antioxidative defense system parameters on exogenous GB (spiked in soil & foliar spray) and AMF application, either individually or in combination ameliorated the toxicity and decreased indices of oxidative stress parameters and increased IVDMD, total sugars, crude protein, β-carotene and nutritionally quality of sorghum in all the varieties at both the growth stages. The variety SSG 59-3 had lower hydrocyanic acid, non-structural carbohydrates, chromium, indices of oxidative stress parameters and more IVDMD and nutritional quality parameters as compared to HJ 513 and HJ 541 variety, at both the growth stages. Thus, among the three varieties (viz. HJ 541, HJ 513 and SSG 59-3), SSG 59-3 variety was found more tolerant as compared to HJ 541 and HJ 513 variety.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of phosphorus and potassium application on quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)(CCSHAU, 2019) Seema; Singal, H.R.Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) locally known as Jawar or Chari is an important kharif season crop which is grown for both fodder and grains. Fertilizers constitute an integral part of improved crop production technology. Application of optimum quantity of phosphorus and potassium is important in improving quality and yield of forage sorghum. The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of phosphorus and potassium application on quality parameters. Sorghum variety HJ 541 was grown in field and different doses of phosphorus (15, 30. 45, 60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha) and potassium (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg K2O/ha) were given. Plant/leaf samples were collected at 30 DAS, 50 DAS and 90 DAS. Biochemical parameters namely HCN, IVDMD, crude protein, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, iron content, NDF, ADF, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing and non- reducing sugars, morpho- physiological parameters namely fresh weight, dry weight, stem girth, internode length and number of leaves and cell wall components namely cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin were studied. It was observed that HCN content was less than permissible value (200 μg/g at fresh weight) with the application of phosphorus and potassium. IVDMD, crude protein, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, iron content, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing and non- reducing sugars increased with the application of phosphorus and potassium. Maximum fresh and dry weight, stem girth internode length and number of leaves increased with the application of phosphorus and potassium. NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin decreased with the application of phosphorus and potassium. The results obtained revealed that the quality of forage sorghum improved with the application of phosphorus and potassium.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on biochemical basis for cotton leaf curl disease tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L.(CCSHAU, 2018) Taranjeet Kaur; Mandhania, ShiwaniViruses have profound effect on the growth and productivity of plants. With reference to the cotton crop, CLCuD caused by CLCuBuV has been recognized as a serious threat to cotton production in Indian subcontinent. Information on cotton and CLCuV interaction is still not convincingly explained. In the present study, the constituents like RWC, electrolyte leakage, total chlorophyll content, MDA content, total soluble protein, total sugar content, total phenolics, H2O2, gossypol content and the activities of defense related proteins viz. POX, PPO, CAT and PAL were scrutinized at different stages of infestation in GCH 3, HS 6 genotypes of cotton and in additional genotype (HD 432) to look over the biochemical basis for CLCuD tolerance mechanism. It was found that the maximum RWC, total chlorophyll content and total soluble protein was present in highly tolerant and resistant genotype respectively at 0 DAI. Decline in the amount of these constituents reported in all genotypes but maximum loss took place in HS 6. Least amount of electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and MDA content was present in HD 432 at all stages of infestation. Significant increase in these parameters observed in HS 6 post incursion of virus. Maximum total sugar content was present in HS 6 at 0 DAI, ebb was more in GCH 3 due to infestation. As a consequence of viral infection, the level of total phenolic compounds and gossypol content increased significantly in all genotypes while maximum increase was in GCH 3. With the progression of infestation period significant increase was reported in the activities of PAL, PPO, POX and CAT in all genotypes. Thus, the increase in the level of total phenolic compounds, gossypol with increase in the activities of all studied enzymes can be correlated with the potency of the plant to strive against CLCuD.ThesisItem Open Access Extraction and evaluation of antioxidant capacity of total phenolics from lychee (Litchi chinensis L.) seeds(CCSHAU, 2018) Nagesh C.R.; Ajay PalLychee seed, being a biowaste, is an inexpensive source of a variety of polyphenols. However, extraction yield/efficiency of total phenolics from lychee seed powder (LSP) depends on extraction conditions. Hence, in present study, optimum conditions for extraction of phenolics from LSP were deduced using one-factor-at-a-time approach followed by response surface methodology (RSM). The factorial, axial and center point experiments of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of RSM were carried out to investigate the linear, quadratic and interactive effects of three independent variables namely volume of extractant (ml/g), agitation rate (rpm) and extraction time (min) on the yield of phenolics. Regression analysis showed that ~92% of the variation could be explained by the model. Software mediated numerical optimization was done with the constraint of minimum volume of extractant and extraction time separately for maximum yield of TPC. The experimental values were in accordance with the predicted values, indicating the adequacy of model and success of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. Lychee seed extract (LSE) was analyzed for profiling of phenols and fatty acids using H-UPLC and GC, respectively. Despite reported phenolic compounds, we found new phenolics namely apigenin, catechol, catechin, chlorogenic acid, diadzein, salicyclic acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans-sinapic acid and vanillin in LSE. Among six different fatty acids identified, oleic acid and linoleic acid were abundant. Further, LSE was assayed for its antioxidant activities using an array of tests including free radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity (NOSA), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, metal chelation activity, total antioxidant activity (TAA), total reducing power (TRP), lipid peroxidation inhibition activity (LPIA) and protein oxidation inhibition activity. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA damage protective efficacy of LSE was also observed using pBR322 plasmid and human lymphocytes, respectively. Results of various experiments showed substantial antioxidant activity of LSE and advocate its exploitation as a source of natural antioxidants to counter ROS-induced pathologies or diseases.ThesisItem Open Access A Study of Personality varables of Wale young Adults (15-21 Years) In Three Different Social Climates(I.C College Of Home Science Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1983) Sharma, Ritambhara; Kaur, PraveenThesisItem Open Access Studies on Biochemical Effects of Dimethoate in Albino Rats(Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Vandana; Wagle, D. SThesisItem Open Access A Study of Psycho Social Factors Affecting The behaviour and Attitude of Papents Towards Birth and Uperinging of male and Famale Child(Department of Sociology College of Basic Sciences and Humanities College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1980) Dhawan, Veena Rani; Kaur, PraveenThesisItem Open Access Studies of Biochemical Effects of Phorate in Rats(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Aggarwal, Rajeev Anand Kumar; Wagle, D. SThesisItem Open Access Gulconeogenesis in Germinating Grounnut (Arachis Hypogea) Cotyledons(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Gupta, Nandini; Singh, Jaip Pal
