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Theses

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2017 - 201912020 - 20231
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Subject: Biochemistry × Author: Narender Mohan × End date: 2023 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development, characterization and application of bionanoconjugate on terminal heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-04) Narender Mohan; Ajay Pal
    To ensure sustainable farming practices, nanotechnology in modern agriculture must address the worldwide issues of biotic and abiotic stress (Terminal Heat Stress) brought on by climate change and the population load on farms. Numerous biopolymers, including alginate, cellulose, chitin, and chitosan, have increased use in the new nanotechnology period to create new materials useful in crop growth and protection. Chitosan is the most extensively studied biomaterial in nanotechnology because it is the second most prevalent and conveniently accessible biopolymer after cellulose. Due to its unrestricted qualities, such as biocompatibility, antibacterial, biodegradability, and non-toxicity for plants, it is employed primarily as nanochitosan instead of as bulk throughout the world. Compared to pure/bulk chitosan or direct use of ionic metals, nanochitosan biopolymer has been deemed more valuable for its involvement in chelation with metal ions, such as Zn, Cu, Fe, etc. Herein we incorporated plant hormones (Salicylic acid) and metal (Zn) ions into ongoing cross linking of chitosan and TPP to create nano-composites/conjugates, leading to more pronounced and efficient effects on seed germination and screen house. The current study shows that the genotype, species, growth stage, ambient conditions, and ingredients/nutrients affect how plants react to BNCs. It is further inferred that applying BNCs with co-encapsulated SA and Zn improved the crop's resistance to stress. In combination with the slow-release capability of BNCs, it considerably improved the germination potential, antioxidant system, crop yield, and grain quality of both WH-1124 and WH-542, according to laboratory and pot studies. Additionally, we conclude that the synthesis of these BNCs may be accelerated further to assess their efficacy on other crops, which could be advantageous for the technical translation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical and morpho-physiological changes in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] under terminal heat stress
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Narender Mohan; Nisha Kumari
    The present investigations were undertaken to study the changes in oxidative stress, antioxidative enzymes, metabolites and yield & yield attributes in Brassica juncea after subjecting to terminal heat stress at prematurity stage. Two thermo-tolerant genotypes viz. RGN-368 and RH-1566 and two thermo-sensitive genotypes viz. RH-1134 and RH-0749 were sown on two different dates (13th October and 15th November). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage which are indicators of cell membrane damage increased under terminal heat stress in all the genotypes but increase was higher in sensitive genotypes. The activities of antioxidative enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased under terminal heat stress showing that the antioxidant defence mechanism play major role in heat stress tolerance in Brassica juncea. Ascorbic acid, proline and carotenoids increased under heat stress depicting their role as osmoprotectants and free radical scavangers, respectively. Relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential (OP), chlorophyll content and crude oil content was observed and a remarkable decline was reported in these attributes under late sown condition. Yield attributes, such as main shoot length, number of primary and secondary branches, numberof siliqua on main shoot, seeds per siliqua, siliqua length, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant also showed a significant reduction under terminal heat stress.