Thumbnail Image

Theses

Browse

20233
Reset filters
Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Organic nutrient management in soybean-wheat cropping system under conservation agriculture
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Verma, Gaurav; Dhaka, A. K.
    Globally, intensive tillage and imbalanced nutrition challenged the sustainability and profitability of crop production and soil health. There is ample scope to boost the crop productivity and soil health by adopting organic and conservation agriculture. Hence, this study was conducted during 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Agronomy Research Farm of the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana, Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study “Organic nutrient management in of soybean-wheat cropping system under conservation agriculture” The experiment comprised of four tillage and residue management practices in main plots and five organic nutrient management packages in sub plot was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Two years study resulted that among tillage and residue management practices, crops under soybean-wheat rotation sown under zero tillage along with residue retention (3 t/ha) recorded significantly higher growth parameters, seed yield (16.34 and 54.48 q/ha for soybean and wheat, respectively) and net return (53.62×103 and 148.12×103 ₹/ha for soybean and wheat, respectively), which was closely followed by conventional tillage + residue retention (3 t/ha). Among the organic nutrient management packages, significantly higher yield attributes number of pods/plant (69.8) in soybean and grains/spike (50.1) in wheat and seed yield (16.35 and 53.53 q/ha for soybean and wheat, respectively) were recorded under application of RDF through fertilizers closely followed by RDN given through vermicompost or FYM + biofertilizers + three foliar application of each cow urine (10%) + panchgavya (5%) + jeevamrut (500 l ha-1). However, RDN through FYM or vermicompost + biofertilizers + three foliar application of each cow urine (10%) foliar application + panchgavya (5%) + jeevamrut (500 l ha-1) was found economically profitable over RDF given through fertilizers. Crop rotation based finding concluded that sowing of crops in soybean-wheat rotation with zero tillage along with residue retention (3 t/ha) and fertilized with recommended dose of nitrogen given through FYM + three foliar spray of each cow urine (10%), panchgavya (5%) and jeevamrut (500 l ha-1) was found most profitable having highest system net return (271.49×103 ₹/ha) and system profitability (756.56 kg/ha/day) with increase of 14.0 and 29.1 percent, respectively over crops sown with conventional tillage without residue and fertilized with recommended dose of fertilizers. Hence, it may be concluded that combined application of ZT+R (3 t/ha) and organic package N5 or N4 is a better option for obtaining higher yield, sustainable soil health, improved energy use efficiency and better economics of soybeanwheat cropping system.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of herbicides against broad leaf weeds in wheat and their effect on succeeding crop of sorghum
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Dhankar, Amit; Amarjeet
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of herbicides against broad leaf weeds in wheat and their effect on succeeding crop of sorghum” was studied at Regional Research Station, Bawal of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The objectives of experiment was, to find out most effective and profitable herbicide treatments for control of broad leaf weeds in wheat and their effect on succeeding sorghum crop. The experiment was conducted using WH 711 and HJ 541 variety of wheat and sorghum, respectively, and was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Ten different herbicidal treatments were applied in wheat crop and compared with weedy check and weed free treatment. The treatments were aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 PRE (T1), diflufenican 200 g ha-1 PRE (T2), aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 + diflufenican 200 g ha-1 PRE (T3), pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 (T4), aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 + pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 PRE (T5), diflufenican 200 g ha-1 + pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 PRE (T6), halauxifen + fluroxypyr (RM) 240 g ha-1 PoE (T7), metsulfuron + carfentrazone 25 g ha-1 PoE (T8), 2,4-D Na 500 g ha-1 PoE (T9), 2,4-D ethyl ester 450 g ha-1 PoE (T10), weed free (T11) and weedy check (T12). Major weed species infesting the experimental field were Chenopodium album, Chenopodium murale, Anagallis arvensis, Rumex dentatus, Melilotus indica, Medicago denticulata, Malwa parviflora and Convolvulus arvensis. Among PRE herbicides, aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 + diflufenican 200 g ha-1 (T3) and aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 + pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 (T5), while among PoE, halauxifen + fluroxypyr (RM) 240 g ha-1 (T7) provided excellent control (>75% WCE) of broad leaf weeds at all stages of crop growth during both years of experiment. Comparatively poor control over different broad leaf weeds was reported from sole application of pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 (T4), 2,4-D Na 500 g ha-1 (T9) and 2,4-D ethyl ester 450 g ha-1 (T10) during both years. Both formulations of 2,4-D did not vary significantly from each other in controlling different broad leaf weeds in wheat. Lowest weed index of 5.3 and 5.5% during first and second year, respectively was documented in T3 while highest weed index was recorded from weedy check (40.1 and 44.5) followed by pendimethalin (T4) (30.2 and 33.4%). Highest growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield (6263 and 5481 kg ha-1) of wheat crop were recorded from weed free treatment which was found statistically at par with T3 (5929 and 5179 kg ha-1). Among different PoE herbicides, application of halauxifen + fluroxypyr (T7) provided more control of different broad leaf weeds as compared to other PoE herbicides resulting into higher crop yield during both years. Visual phytotoxicity of scale 1 was recorded on application of different PRE treatments during first year of experiment. Transient crop injury on PoE application of metsulfuron + carfentrazone 25 g ha-1 (T8) was recorded during both years and crop plants recovers completely at 21 days after herbicide application. Maximum net returns and B:C ratio was calculated from T3 (₹ 83542, 69200 ha-1 and 2.27, 1.99) followed by T5 (₹ 79213, 66133 ha-1 and 2.20, 1.95) and minimum from weedy check (₹ 36290, 20147 ha-1 and 1.59, 1.31) during first and second year, respectively. All herbicide treatments employed in wheat crop, irrespective of their time of application did not show any residual carryover effect on succeeding fodder sorghum crop as evident from recorded plant population, growth parameters and fodder yield of sorghum crop. This might be due to rapid chemical and microbial degradation of herbicides through application of five flood irrigation to wheat crop and occurrence of 106.0 and 67.2 mm of rainfall between the time of application of PRE herbicides and harvesting of wheat crop during first and second year, respectively.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrids to fertility levels under treated sewage water application
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Sandeep; Parveen Kumar
    The present study entitled “Performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrids to fertility levels under treated sewage water application.” was conducted at Research Area, Vegetable Science, CCSHAU, HISAR during Kharif 2021 and 2022 with the objective to study the effect of hybrids and fertility levels on growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of pearl millet under treated sewage water application. In the experiment two pearl millet hybrids viz. HHB 67 (Improved) and HHB 299 were taken along with five different fertility levels. Between hybrids, various phenological events viz. boot stage, flowering stage, milking stage and physiological maturity differ significantly while emergence did not differ significantly. Different fertility levels, did not differ significantly in respect of various phenological events viz. emergence, boot stage, flowering stage, milk stage while a significant influence was observed in physiological maturity. The growth parameters viz. [Plant height, total number of tillers plant-1, dry matter accumulation] and yield attributing characters [effective tiller plant-1, ear head length, ear head girth, test weight] and grain, stover yield differed significantly between hybrids and among fertility levels. Between hybrids, HHB 299 recorded higher value of these attributes and yield over HHB 67 (Improved). Among fertility levels, application of 75 per cent RDN + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha resulted in higher yield and yield attributes during both years of study. Hybrid HHB 299 recorded higher NPK content and their uptake over HHB 67 (Improved) in pearl millet grain and stover while integrated nutrient management practices and 100 per cent RDN performed better over control, among fertility levels. Heavy metal content in both pearl millet grain and stover recorded lower in HHB 67 (Improved) over HHB 299 while integrated nutrient management practices resulted in lower heavy metal content in pearl millet grain and stover over 100 per cent RDN and control, among fertility levels. In terms of economics, HHB 299 performed better than HHB 67 (Improved) while higher gross returns was recorded with the application of 75 per cent RDN + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha and higher net returns and B:C was recorded with 75 % RDN + FYM @ 5 t/ha. Hence, for enhancing crop growth characters, yield attributes, yield and monetary returns integrated nutrient management practices should be adopted.